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Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry
Published by Universitas Nusa Bangsa
ISSN : 20863446     EISSN : 2621508X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Jurnal Sains Natural is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication with the objectives to explore the knowledge about natural sciences. This journal incorporates not only all branches of chemistry and biology, but also sub-disciplines like Biochemistry, Polymer, Agricultural chemistry, Environmental chemistry, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 251 Documents
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Exploration of Indigenous Molds from Empty Palm Bunch Waste Which Have The Potential As A Cellulose Degradation Agent Srikandi, Srikandi; Maslahat, Mamay
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v14i3.739

Abstract

Empty palm oil bunches (TKKS) are waste that has not been utilized optimally by palm oil mills and degraded in nature for a relatively long time. The most significant component in EFB is cellulose, so it needs to be degraded.  This research aims to obtain mold from EFB, which is undergoing decomposition and has the potential to degrade cellulose so that the mold can later be used to break down the cellulose in EFB. The research began by measuring the temperature and pH of the TKKS samples in the middle and upper parts, followed by sampling. The sampling location was at the PTPN III Cikasungka Bogor Palm Oil Factory (PKS), which is located in Mekarjaya village, Cigudeg, Bogor Regency.  The isolation results obtained 19 mold isolates, and then the isolates were grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) media to test their cellulolytic potential. Microscopic observations of molds that can grow on CMC media are generally thought to be the genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Phanerochaete sp., and Penicillium sp.   The cellulolytic potential test results showed that 18 mold isolates were obtained, three of which were in the high cellulolytic potential category, namely isolates JM313, JM105, and JM518, with cellulolytic indexes of 5.25 respectively, 2.98 and 2.06.
Analysis of Melinjo Seed Extract as Corrosion Bioinhibitor for Ferrous Metals Mubarok, Zakky; Fikroh, Retno Aliyatul
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 4 (2024): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v14i4.741

Abstract

The corrosion of ferrous metals is a serious issue that can reduce material durability and lead to significant economic losses. Melinjo seed extract was selected for investigation due to its potential as a corrosion inhibitor, attributed to the presence of tannin compounds capable of forming complexes that coat metal surfaces. This research aims to explore the use of melinjo seed extract as a bioinhibitor for iron, providing an effective and environmentally friendly solution. The extraction of melinjo seeds was performed using the maceration method. The melinjo seed extract was mixed with 70% ethanol to obtain an inhibitor solution. The study evaluated the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of iron immersed in melinjo seed extract solution at varying concentration. The results showed that melinjo seed extract has the potential to inhibit corrosion in iron. A higher concentration of melinjo seed extract correlated with a lower corrosion rate. The highest corrosion rate was 6.7x10-2 g/cm² day at 0% concentration. The lowest corrosion rate was 1.6x10-2 g/cm² day at a 15% concentration of melinjo seed extract. The optimum inhibition efficiency was achieved at the 15% concentration, which amounted to 76%. These results indicate that melinjo seed extract is an effective bioinhibitor for ferrous metal corrosion.
Review: Effect of Material Characteristics, and Process Conditions in Reducing Gaseous Pollutants Using Fly Ash (FA)-Based Adsorbent Setya Wardhana, Budi; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Jamilatun, Siti
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 4 (2024): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v14i4.749

Abstract

The intensive use of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in air pollution, which negatively affects human health and the environment. Fly ash (FA), a byproduct of coal combustion, has great potential as an adsorbent for hazardous gas pollutants due to its physical and chemical properties. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fly ash as an adsorbent in reducing gas pollutants such as CO2, SO2, and NO2, as well as to examine the influence of temperature and material characteristics on adsorption capacity. The results indicate that the maximum adsorption capacity for each gas pollutant is achieved at different temperatures, fly ash demonstrating the highest performance at 150 °C for CO2 adsorption, achieving an efficiency of 94.7%. For SO2 and NO2, the optimum temperatures are 200 °C, with efficiencies of 72.17% and 100%, respectively. This study also emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate characteristics of the adsorbent material to enhance adsorption efficiency. This finding has the potential to support the development of more efficient and sustainable air pollution reduction technologies in the future, by utilizing industrial waste such as fly ash as an innovative solution.
Adsorption Condition of Geopolymer Synthesized from Corncob Ash Using NaOH and NaSiO for Methylen Blue Removal Wardhani, Gladys Ayu Paramita Kusumah; Yahya, Amri
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.764

Abstract

In this study, geopolymer G10 based corncob ash were synthesized by alkaline activation using NaOH 10 M-Na2SiO3(2:1) with ratio 5:3. The G10 were characterized by X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and applied to methylene blue adsorptiom in an aqueous media  in batch method. Adsorption efficiency were observed in optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent weight, and methylene blue concentration using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The resulting geopolymer is brown at a drying temperature of corncob powder at 80 ℃. Based on the XRF results, the Si:Al ratio value in corncob ash was 3:1. The bonds in the geopolymer include, Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al, Si-OH, and Al-O-Si. Optimum adsorption conditions were obtained at pH 3, contact time at 120 menit, adsorben weight is 50 mg, and initial concentration of methylene blue is 200 mg/L.
The Impact of Carbonization Temperature on The Quality of Empty Fruit Bunch Charcoal and Palm Kernel Charcoal for Co-Firing Application Febriani, Annisa Vada; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Rahayu, Aster; Setya Wardhana, Budi; Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.766

Abstract

Biomass is a renewable energy source that can be processed into charcoal through a carbonisation process, which depends on temperature to improve the quality of the charcoal produced.  This research focuses on the utilisation of Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) and Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) as biomass feedstock in an effort to produce an alternative fuel that can be used in the co-firing process with Low Rank Coal (LRC). This study heats palm fronds and shells at 300°C to 600°C, then measures moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and sulfur content. Based on the results, a temperature of 600°C was identified as the optimal condition for the OPF and PKS drying process. At this temperature, a significant decrease in moisture content is directly proportional to the increase in ash content and calorific value, indicating an improvement in fuel quality. The highest calorific values achieved were 6095.35 kcal/kg for OPF and 7364.81 kcal/kg for PKS. In addition, the sulphur content of the charred biomass is much lower than that of coal, which provides an advantage in terms of cleaner emissions. In comparison with LRC, the charred biomass showed better quality in terms of calorific value and lower sulphur content, despite the higher ash content of the biomass. OPF and PKS that have undergone the charring process offer a more environmentally friendly fuel alternative and have the potential to replace LRC in combustion applications, resulting in lower emissions. This study thus reinforces the potential of oil palm biomass as a promising renewable energy source.
Effectiveness of Ammonium Polymer in Improving Floating Treatment Wetland to Reduce Cod From Palm Oil Mill Effluent Hakim, Lukman; Rahayu, Aster; Jamilatun, Siti
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.768

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste from the palm oil industry. This waste contains high levels of organic pollutants and can contribute to environmental pollution. Current technologies effectively degrade these pollutants but are often not environmentally friendly and expensive. Phytoremediation combined with an adsorption system using ammonium polymers is expected to address these challenges. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and ammonium polymers have been separately tested and proven capable of degrading pollutants in wastewater. The study began by modifying the planting medium for vetiver grass with gravel:polymer:soil ratio of 3:5:2. The modified net pot was then placed in a floating treatment wetland reactor for POME treatment over a remediation period of 7 days. For comparison, a control experiment was conducted using plants without polymers in the planting medium. The results showed a COD degradation of approximately 75% in POME after treatment. The reduction in COD continued to improve with increasing remediation time, reaching its peak on the seventh day. The modified planting medium also influenced plant growth, as the polymer adsorbed some phosphate and nitrate.
Isothermic Adsorption Study of Nitrate Ion Adsorption in Bioethanol Waste Using Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Amrillah, Nafira Alfi Zaini; Rahayu, Aster; Dhias Cahya Hakika; Vivi Sisca; Veranica; Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna; Lia Anggresani; Lee Wah Lim
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.770

Abstract

The global shift towards renewable energy sources has led to a significant increase in bioethanol production, particularly from sugar mills. Despite being an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels, bioethanol production produces large amounts of waste containing dangerous contaminants such as nitrate ions (NO₃⁻). These contaminants pose severe environmental and health risks, including water pollution and eutrophication. This study explores the use of ammonium polymer as an adsorbent and the influence of pH in the adsorption process as a promising technique for removing nitrate ions from bioethanol waste. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, the optimal pH for adsorption of nitrate ions is around 9, where the removal efficiency (%RE) reaches 98.43% and the adsorption capacity (Qe) is 24.86 mg/g. These experiments show that the Freundlich model, with a heterogeneity factor (n) of 1.0947 and a Freundlich constant (KF) of 1.92 x 10³ units, provides the best fit to the adsorption data, indicating a heterogeneous adsorption process with a strong affinity for nitrate ions.
Feasibility Test of Papaya Microgreens (Carica papaya L. var. Callina) As Functional Foods sujarwati, Sujarwati; Mayta Novaliza Isda; Retno Ayu Wulandari; Anisa Sholihatul Muawanah
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.729

Abstract

Papaya seeds have the potential to be developed as microgreens. Microgreens are classified as functional foods because they contain at least ten times more phytochemicals and vitamins than mature plants of the same species. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Callina papaya microgreens as functional food based on proximate analysis, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant compound content. Proximate analysis was conducted by testing the moisture content (thermogravimetric), ash (dry soaking), protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (soxhlet method), and carbohydrate (by difference). The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Analysis of antioxidant compounds included testing vitamin C levels (spectrophotometry) and chlorophyll levels (portable chlorophyll meter). Flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin compounds were tested qualitatively. Proximate analysis of papaya microgreens on dry weight contained 57.35% water, 0.48% ash, 3.46% carbohydrate, 13.45% fat, and 25.28% protein. Papaya microgreens in wet weight percent contained 94.35% water, 0.03% ash, 3.43% carbohydrate, 0.76% fat, and 1.43% protein. Papaya microgreens have very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2.058 ppm. Antioxidant compounds in papaya microgreens are vitamin C (1.152%), chlorophyll (32.56 μmol/m²), flavonoids, and alkaloids, but tannins are not present. Based on the results of proximate analysis, antioxidant activity test, and antioxidant compounds, it can be concluded that papaya microgreens are feasible as functional food because it meet the requirements of functional foods, which contain physiologically active compounds and can provide health benefits.
The Use of Animals as Traditional Medicine in Tanah Bawah, Kimak, and Silip Villages Syafutra, Randi; Dalimunthe, Nurzaidah Putri; Priyansah, Sujadi; Al Farizi, Muhammad; Saputri, Nelsa; Muhtadin; Ramadhani; Alamsyah, Candra; Juliansyah, Andika; Saputra, Baruna; Tendri; Wibawa, Ahmad Juliyanta
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i1.750

Abstract

Kimak, Tanah Bawah, and Silip are three villages in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia, where animals are still used for traditional medicine. This study aimed to collect, analyze, and evaluate data on the use of animals in traditional medicine by the communities of Kimak, Tanah Bawah, and Silip. The research was conducted over three months, from March to May 2024. Data collection involved surveys and informant selection using the snowball sampling method. Fifteen selected informants were interviewed based on a prepared questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively (using descriptive statistics) and quantitatively (calculating the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF)). The results showed a positive correlation between informants’ age and their knowledge of animal-based traditional medicine, with informants over 45 years old possessing broader knowledge due to their longer life experiences. Dependence on traditional medicine was influenced by limited access to modern healthcare services and the cultural and spiritual significance of these practices. A total of 14 animal species from five classes were used, with Mammalia being the most dominant class (35.7%). Malayopython reticulatus had the highest RFC value (0.667), while species with the lowest RFC values (0.067) included Nisaetus cirrhatus, Galeopterus variegatus, Trachypithecus cristatus, and Nesolagus netscheri. The most commonly used body part was meat. ICF analysis indicated that disease categories such as skin ailments, internal injuries, nerve disorders, ulcers, hemorrhoids, and mental illnesses had the highest levels of informant consensus. Several used species are classified as threatened, highlighting the need for stronger conservation efforts through collaboration between the government, conservation organizations, and local communities. Balancing conservation with traditional medicine practices is essential to preserving cultural heritage while supporting ecological sustainability.
Green Synthesis of NiO/TI-PCH Via Hydrotermal Method for Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency: Green Synthesis NiO/Ti-PCH melalui Metode Hidrotermal untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Katalitik Yahya, Amri; Nurhayati, Lany; Utami, Setty
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i2.765

Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysis is a vital field in chemical engineering, offering improved efficiency and selectivity in various catalytic processes. This study focuses on the dispersion of nickel into titanium-pillared montmorillonite (NiO/Ti-PCH) to enhance its catalytic properties. The primary objective is to synthesize and characterize the catalyst to evaluate its potential in catalytic applications, particularly in reactions requiring high surface area and stability. The synthesis of NiO/Ti-PCH was achieved through the intercalation of titanium and nickel into montmorillonite, followed by a series of characterizations using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). FTIR analysis was utilized to confirm the successful formation of Ti-O-Ni bonds, indicating the effective dispersion of nickel and titanium on the catalyst surface. GSA provided insights into the surface area and porosity of the synthesized material, while SEM-EDX offered information on the morphology and elemental composition. The results indicated a significant increase in the surface area of NiO/Ti-PCH due to the formation of titanium and nickel pillars, enhancing the accessibility of active sites for reactions. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Ti-O-Ni bonds, which play a crucial role in improving catalytic activity. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. In conclusion, the synthesized NiO/Ti-PCH demonstrates enhanced catalytic activity and thermal stability, positioning it as a promising candidate for various industrial applications. The findings underscore the importance of utilizing pillared clays in the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable chemical processes.

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