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Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry
Published by Universitas Nusa Bangsa
ISSN : 20863446     EISSN : 2621508X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Jurnal Sains Natural is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication with the objectives to explore the knowledge about natural sciences. This journal incorporates not only all branches of chemistry and biology, but also sub-disciplines like Biochemistry, Polymer, Agricultural chemistry, Environmental chemistry, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 263 Documents
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The Quality Bonding of Sembilang Bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) Using Isocyanate Adhesive Ajeng Rahmawati; Ina Lidiawati; Meiganati, Kustin Bintani; Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i3.901

Abstract

The increasing demand for wood-based products is not balanced by a sufficient timber supply, creating a need for alternative materials such as bamboo. Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro (bamboo sembilang) is a promising substitute; However, its inherent limitations require modification, particularly through lamination technology. Adhesion plays a crucial role in this process as it strongly affects surface wettability and bonding strength.One important factor in the conversion of bamboo into laminated boards is the adhesion process, as it significantly affects the wettability properties and bond strength. This study aimed to evaluate the wettability characteristics of bamboo sembilang and its bonding strength with isocyanate adhesive, considering the effects of surface orientation, adhesive spread rate, and pressing time. Wettability was assessed using the contact angle method and the Corrected Water Absorption Height (TAAT), while bonding strength was tested under dry and wet conditions. Results showed an average contact angle of 33,40° on the inner surface and 35,14° on the outer surface of bamboo, with a TAAT value of 103.51 mm, indicating good wettability. The average dry bonding strength was 68.4 kg/cm², meeting the JPIC (2007).  These findings demonstrate that bamboo sembilang has strong potential as a raw material for laminated boards with reliable bonding performance when using isocyanate adhesive.
Response Of Growth and Production of Red Chili to The Application of Trichoderma harzianum in Various Combinations of Planting Media Usamah Rofi Robbani; Andi Masnang; Srikandi Srikandi
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.870

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum has the ability as a decomposer organism and biological agent to control germination diseases that usually attack red chili plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic fertilizer given by T. harzianum on the productivity of red chili plants. The study consisted of eight treatments with four replications, namely treatment P0 (control), P1 (soil media + T. harzianum), P2 (soil medium + goat manure), P3 (soil media + manure + T. harzianum), P4 (soil media + compost), P5 (soil media + compost + T. harzianum), P6 (soil media + cocopeat), P7 (soil media + cocopeat + T. harzianum). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight. The results showed that the enrichment treatment of organic fertilizer using T. harzianum had a very significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. Treatment using T. harzianum affected the height of red chili plants at the age of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after planting (DAP). The number of leaves was significantly different at the age of 21, 28, 35, and 42 DAP. The application of T. harzianum in goat manure had a very significant effect on the number of fruits, fruit length, and fruit weight. The best treatment was P3 treatment, namely soil added with goat manure in a ratio of 2:1 and T. harzianum 12 g had a very significant effect on plants, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit length of red chilies.
Review: Methods for Detecting Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) in Industrial and Biological Hutri Puspita Sari; Aster Rahayu; Dhias Cahya Hakika; Zahrul Mufrodi; Gita Indah Budiarti
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.805

Abstract

Industrial and biological wastes are major contributors to environmental pollution and contain high levels of organic matter that can generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) through microbial fermentation. SCFAs are important not only as bioenergy precursors in industrial waste management but also as key biomarkers of gut microbiota activity in biological samples. This review provides a comparative analysis of analytical methods used to detect SCFAs in both industrial and biological matrices, focusing on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The findings reveal that HPLC—particularly Ion-Exclusion HPLC—is most effective for analyzing complex industrial waste samples such as waste-activated sludge (WAS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), whereas GC-FID is more suitable for volatile-rich wastes like vinasse. Meanwhile, LC-MS/MS demonstrates exceptional accuracy and sensitivity for biological matrices such as feces, serum, and urine, allowing detection at ultra-trace concentrations. These insights underscore the need for optimized, waste-specific detection techniques to enhance environmental monitoring, waste valorization, and health-related SCFA research. Future studies should focus on developing rapid, cost-effective, and IoT-integrated detection systems to support real-time monitoring of both industrial and biological wastes.
Performance Comparison of Coagulation and Adsorption for Gambier Wastewater Treatment Using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), Calcium Hypochlorite, and Activated Carbon Dr. Eng. Erda Rahmilaila Desfitri; Setiaman Bawamenewi; Wahyudiansyah Kurinci; Edwina Zainal; Nofri Naldi; Reni Desmiarti
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.914

Abstract

Industrial wastewater from gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) extraction is characterized by high organic loads, intense coloration, and elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), which often exceed regulatory discharge limits. This study evaluated the performance of two chemical coagulants, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂), and one physical adsorbent, coal-based activated carbon (CW 130 AR), in treating gambier wastewater. The experimental work assessed their effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TDS, and color, alongside adsorption equilibrium modeling using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results demonstrated that PAC achieved 89% COD removal, and calcium hypochlorite reached 82%. However, both coagulants were ineffective at reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and occasionally increased dissolved solids due to residual ionic species. In contrast, activated carbon achieved COD and color removal efficiencies exceeding 95%, though it provided only modest TDS removal (≈85%). Adsorption isotherm analysis confirmed that COD removal by activated carbon followed the Langmuir model (R² = 0.9488), indicating monolayer chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. Meanwhile, PAC and calcium hypochlorite showed weak conformity to Langmuir and Freundlich models, confirming coagulation/flocculation as their dominant removal mechanism. This study provides the first comparative performance evaluation of coagulation and adsorption processes for gambier industry wastewater, demonstrating that a hybrid or sequential treatment strategy can achieve more comprehensive pollutant removal. By enhancing treatment efficiency, reducing industrial effluent discharge, and enabling potential water reuse, this work supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
Buffer Zone Development for The Sustainability of Gray Langur in The STIK Jantho Aceh Besar Educational Forest Rosmalia; Aswita; Ruskhanidar Ruskhanidar
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.779

Abstract

The silver langur (Trachypithecus cristatus) is a primate species protected by law. Its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List data and Appendix II status in CITES. The very sharp decline in the gray langur population is due to declining habitat quality and poaching. The STIK educational forest is a secondary forest, which is disturbed by illegal logging and forest encroachment for community gardens and forest fires. The population data include group sixes and structures were not know well number of groups and individuals in the gray langur is not yet known. The age structure and sex ratio of the gray langur are also not yet known. The composition of the food trees of silver langur in this area is also not yet known. There is no data on those silver langur in the STIK Jantho educational forest. This study aims to obtain data on the gray langur in the STIK Jantho educational forest, including the number of groups, the number of individuals, the age structure, and the sex ratio of the gray langur. Data collection in this study used the line transect method by recording the number of groups, the number of individuals, the age structure, and the sex ratio. Data analysis using Arch GIS 10.1 to determine the distribution of gray langurs by plotting each coordinate obtained, using GPS visualized in the form of a map. Determination of gray langur density using the formula: P = D x A. Found 1 group of Gray langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus), with a total of 10 individuals. The age structure of gray langurs in HP STIK Jantho is included in the developing age category and has a complete composition (Male, adult female, infant, and juveneel).
Effect of Gandaria Ethanol Extract on Electrolytes and Kidney in CCl₄-Induced Rats Ridhayana Syaharani; Husnarika Febriani
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v16i1.898

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a toxic chemical widely used in industry and known to cause oxidative stress and kidney damage through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Gandaria fruit (Bouea macrophylla Griff.) on kidney function by assessing serum electrolyte levels and kidney histology in white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced with CCl₄. Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: normal control, CCl₄ control, and three treatment groups receiving 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight of Gandaria extract. CCl₄ was administered intraperitoneally at 1 mL/kg every 72 hours for 30 days, while the extract was given orally from day 8 to 30. CCl₄ induction significantly increased serum Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ levels and caused histopathological changes including glomerular enlargement, vacuolization, and necrosis in kidney tissue. Gandaria extract administration significantly (p<0.05) reduced electrolyte imbalance and improved kidney tissue structure in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (200 mg/kg) showed the strongest protective effect, with parameters nearing normal control levels. These results suggest that the Gandaria fruit extract shows promising nephroprotective properties, likely due to its content of secondary metabolite compounds, which could have potential therapeutic implications for preventing chemical-induced kidney damage.
Molecular and Morphological Identification of Psychotria sp. Bogor Botanical Gardens Collection Alifah Nur Anzani; Nia Yuliani; Irfan Martiansyah
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.907

Abstract

Psychotria is the largest genus in the Rubiaceae family and is considered taxonomically complex due to the limited availability of diagnostic morphological characters. This study aimed to identify a Psychotria sp. spesimen from the Bogor Botanical Gardens using molecular and morphological approaches. The methods included DNA barcoding using the chloroplast rbcL marker, computational analysis with MEGA X, and morphological comparison with Psychotria herbarium spesimens at the Herbarium Bogoriense. BLAST analysis revealed that the Psychotria sp. sample is genetically closely related to P. marginata, P. racemosa, and P. viridis, with each exhibiting 100% identity. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed the spesimen within the same clade as P. marginata, supported by a bootstrap value of 54%. Morphological observations revealed similarities in fruit and flower characteristics with those of P. viridis and P. racemosa.
Application of Thiol-Modified Silica Hybrid Monoliths for Hydrophilic Interaction Capillary Liquid Chromatography Dr. Firda Furqani; Ilona Bella; Prima Fitria Hillman; Lee Wah Lim
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v16i1.911

Abstract

A silica hybrid monolithic column modified with Thiol-group were successfully prepared via “one-pot” approach; tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane were mixed together with the porogens in ice bath before being injected into the fused capillaries (0.032 mm I.D.). The composition of the porogens as well as the reaction time and temperature were optimized. The efficiency of the columns was evaluated by separating some polar biological compounds (i.e. thymine, uracil, adenine, adenosine, and cytidine) under hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode. Uracil, adenosine and cytidine were baseline-separated when the concentration of acetonitrile, which was used as the eluent, was more than 90%. It is also found that by increasing the acetonitrile concentration, the retention time of all analytes was increased, proving that typical HILIC separation mechanism was involved.
Authentication of Jamu from Paracetamol Adulteration Using Thin-Layer Chromatography And UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Mamay Maslahat; Reggiana Nurul Ikhsani Sandy; Srikandi
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v16i2.921

Abstract

The distribution of herbal medicines containing chemical substances (BKO) that are dangerous for the public is prohibited based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 007 of 2012, however, they are still often found in the community. The types of BKO found in herbal medicines for aches and pains include dexamethasone, phenylbutazone and paracetamol. Paracetamol is an active substance used in modern medicine that has analgesic and antipyretic properties, so it can relieve pain in certain doses. Paracetamol in herbal medicines can be identified qualitatively using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with a standard paracetamol reference solution that has an Rf value of 0.77 with a mobile phase of ethyl acetate-ethanol-ammonia (85:10:5, v/v), and a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Therefore, authentication of herbal medicines in circulation is needed as a guarantee of safety to the public. The purpose of this study was to detect BKO paracetamol in herbal medicines for aches and pains qualitatively and quantitatively using TLC and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The research stages included sampling herbal medicine from three industrial areas, namely Sentul, Cakung, and Cikarang with the types of herbal medicine selected being packaged and bulk as well as powder and liquid forms; identification of paracetamol using TLC; and analysis of paracetamol using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Based on the TLC analysis, it was found that 3 out of 24 samples of herbal medicine for aches and pains were positive for containing paracetamol. The three samples were obtained from the Cikarang Industrial Area with liquid preparations from branded and bulk packaging types with the codes C1Xl, C2Xl, and C2Yl. The paracetamol concentrations in these samples were 3.8417; 2.1390; and 15.1980 mg/L, respectively.
Functional Group Profiling of Gelatin-Based Transparent Capsule Shells Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy Saddam Husein; Rafi Andrean Permana; Putri Amalia; Candra Saka Nusantari
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v16i2.976

Abstract

Transparent capsule shells are widely used as oral dosage forms; however, information regarding the source of gelatin is often unclear, potentially affecting product quality, safety, and halal status. This study aimed to profile ten samples of transparent capsule shells obtained from online stores using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and to compare their spectral characteristics with bovine, porcine, and fish gelatin standards. This laboratory experimental study employed FTIR-ATR analysis within the wavelength range of 4500-650 cm⁻¹. The results demonstrated that all capsule samples exhibited characteristic gelatin absorption bands in the Amide A, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III regions. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and comparison with gelatin standards, 9 out of 10 samples (90%) showed spectral similarity to porcine gelatin, while 1 sample (10%) showed similarity to fish gelatin. No samples demonstrated dominant similarity to bovine gelatin. Sample K2 was classified as being closer to fish gelatin, whereas samples K1, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, and K10 were classified as being closer to porcine gelatin. These findings indicate that FTIR-ATR is effective for profiling the chemical characteristics of transparent capsule shells and can be utilized as an analytical tool for identifying gelatin sources, thereby supporting quality control and consumer safety

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