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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education

biosaintifika
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Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang

ISSN : 2085191X EISSN : 23387610 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,068 Documents

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Purification and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Produced by a Thermo-Halophilic Bacterium Isolate PLS 75 Iqbalsyah, Teuku M.; Fajarna, Farah; Febriani, Febriani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Bio-based industries require stable enzymes in a broad range of environmental conditions. Extremophiles have attracted more interests as the source of such enzymes, one of which is α-amylase. This study aimed to purify and characterize α-amylase produced by a thermo-halophilic bacterium PLS 75 isolated from underwater fumaroles. Ammonium sulfate precipitation results showed that the highest specific α-amylase activity (21.7 U/mg) obtained at 40-60% saturation level, with a purity of 7.7-fold of the crude extract with 16.2% yield. Further purification using DEAE Sepharose column chromatography increased the enzyme purity 11.1-fold of the crude extract with 7.1% yield. Specific activity after column chromatography purification was 31.3 U/mg. The pure enzyme had a low molecular weight of 14 kDa. The enzyme showed the highest activity at 80 °C and pH 5. The activity increased to 126% when in methanol, while decreased when in ethyl acetate and chloroform. The characteristics of α-amylase with low molecular weight, which was active in acidic condition, stable in polar and non-polar solvents, may be used for for specific industrial needs.

Utilization of Different Fertilizer on The Yield of Two Varieties of Oryza sativa in Tidal Lowland Area Marlina, Neni; Meidelima, Dewi; Asmawati, Asmawati; Aminah, Iin Siti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

The effort to increase food production in tidal lowland areas was conducted by applying production technology through the use of superior varieties and organic fertilizer enriched with bacteria (bio organic fertilizer). This fertilizer was a formula that had been tested in swamp lowland area and proven capable to regain land fertility through action of beneficial microbia. Some microbia which used to produce bioorganic fertilizer are Azospirillium bacterium and phosphate solvent bacterium with carrier substance of chicken manure fertilizer. The reserach objective was to determine yield capacity of two rice varieties by using inorganic fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer at tidal lowland area. This research was done at tidal lowland area of C-flooding type. The design used in this study was Factorial Randomized Block Design with 4 treatment combinations and 6 replications for each treatment. The first factor was varieties which consisted of Inpara 6 (V1) and Inpari I (V2), whereas the second factor was fertilizer types which consisted of inorganic fertilizer (P1) and bio-organic fertilizer (P2). The results showed that yield capacity of Inpari I rice variety treated with bio-organic fertilizer + 50% of recommended NPK fertilizer could increase the production of dry unhulled rice with magnitude of 165% (1.59 kg/plot or equal to 3.98 ton/ha) at tidal lowland of C flooding type. Through the provision of biofertilizers, chicken manure enriched with Azospirillum and bacteriophosphate biofertilizers contributes to sustainability agriculture, especially in tidal wetland

Callus Induction of Piper betle L. Var Nigra Using 2,4-Dichlorofenoxyacetic Acidand 6-Benzil Aminopurin Junairiah, Junairiah; Purnomo, Purnomo; Utami, Edy Setiti Wida; Ni’matuzahroh, Ni’matuzahroh; Sulistyorini, Lilis
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Piper betle L var Nigra (black betel) is a member of Piperaceae family which has potential as medicinal plant due to its secondary metabolites. Callus culture is one of the alternative methods to elevate production of secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzil aminopurine (BAP) towards callus induction and growth, also to determine the most optimal variation of 2,4-D and BAP concentration for callus induction of black betel leaf explant. This study was a laboratory experimental study with complete randomized design. Black betel leaf explant was planted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators at concentration of 0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L respectively. Parameter recorded for callus induction and growth including callus induction time (days), percentage of explant forming callus, fresh weight, dry weight, color and texture. After callus planted for 8 weeks, analysis was performed statistically. Result showed that 2,4-D and BAP supplementation to medium affected the growth of black bete l leaf explants. Additional concentration of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BAP growth regulators showed the fastest response in callus formation, at 7.25 days. Growth regulators of 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L and BAP 2.0 mg/L concentration produced the highest fresh and dry weight, at 0.6802 g and 0.0670 g respectively. The best treatment was used as a basis to produce secondary metabolites.

Diversity, Composition, and Abundance Distribution of Birds in Kariangau Industrial Zone, Balikpapan City, East Borneo Putera, Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto; Mulyani, Yeni Aryati; Farajallah, Dyah Perwitasari; Lhota, Stanislav; Toulec, Tadeas
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

The Kariangau Industrial Zone extends industry from Balikpapan city in the Central Balikpapan to the coast in Western Balikpapan, forming a part of Balikpapan Bay. Our study aimed to estimate the diversity, species composition, and the abundance distribution of birds at the industrial zone of Balikpapan City. Our study contained six replicates each of boat transects on four rivers, the Somber, Getah, Paka Dua, and Wain rivers during the months of May and June 2017. We calculated the Margalef diversity and Bray–Curtis similarity indices to estimate diversity and species composition, whereas bird abundance distributions were analyzed using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) version 3.12. The Getah river had the highest diversity index (4.846), followed by the Somber (3.988), Wain (3.510), and Paka Dua (3.050) rivers. The Bray–Curtis index revealed high similarity in species composition between the Wain and Paka Dua. Our rarefaction analysis showed that the Wain and Paka Dua rivers were well sampled and had lower species richness, with low differences between the observed and expected species richness, than the Somber and Getah rivers. Fisher Log Series Model also showed abundance distribution being highest at Getah (11.170), and lowest at the Paka Dua Rivers (5.221). This observation may be due to heightened industrial activities and boat traffic on each river. Our study provides a useful baseline for future research on the bird assemblages on Balikpapan Bay.

The Correlation Between Heavy Metal and Nutrient Content in Plecostomus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) from Ciliwung River in Jakarta Elfidasari, Dewi; Ismi, Laksmi Nurul; Shabira, Afina Putri; Sugoro, Irawan
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Most of the rivers’ quality in Indonesia is in highly-polluted status including Ciliwung River in Jakarta. The pollution can affect river ecosystem especially the rivers biota such as plecostomus species that is mostly found in Ciliwung River. The information about correlation between heavy metal and nutrition content in Plecostomus flesh still limited, so the result from this research can give the new information about that. The aims of this research is identifying the effect of the heavy metals towards the contents of protein and fat of plecostomus flesh from Ciliwung River. The analyses methods use X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF) Spectrometer, the analysis of protein using kjeldahl method, and fat analysis using extraction method. The result of this research showed that small-sized plecostomus contained the highest fat and protein compared to medium-sized and big-sized plecostomus. The assumption was the contents of heavy metal which can impede protein and fat absorption. Meanwhile, the content of carbohydrate in small-sized plecostomus was the lowest. The identified type of heavy metal using XRF method was Pb, Hg and Cd with the concentration was higher than the maximum standard (SNI) so that the flesh of plecostomus from Ciliwung River in Jakarta is categorized unsuitable to consumption

Moringa oleifera Distribution in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands which is Attributed with Annual Rainfall Riastiwi, Indira; Damayanto, I Putu Gede P.; Ridwan, Ridwan; Handayani, Tri; Leksonowati, Aryani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a cultivated plant that reported have many benefits. Indonesian people have utilized moringa as a vegetable widely but it is never used as functional food. The distribution data of moringa in Indonesia is needed to develop moringa as an additional nutrient for functional food. The aim of the research was to draw up the distribution map of moringa in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands (LSI). In addition, this distribution map was also attributed with average annual rainfall to know the preference of moringa to life depend on the rainfall. This research has been conducted with four approaches: collecting specimens, direct observation of living plant, direct observation of specimen herbarium and literature study. All data were analyzed and arranged into the distribution maps of moringa in Java and the LSI attributed with annual rainfall. The result showed that moringa in entire Java mostly distributed in the area of Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, the north part of East Java, Madura and Kangean. While, moringa in LSI distributed in the southern part of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Kupang, Flores, Sumba and Alor. The average annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm is the most ideal condition for moringa plants to grow well. This map and information can be utilized by the stakeholders to determine the most appropriate place for moringa cultivation and their development as as a functional food.

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Insulin Leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) on Hyperglycemic Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sari, Anisa Rachma; Saraswati, Tyas Rini; Yuniwarti, Enny Yusuf Wachidah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Insulin leave (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) empirically used by people as antihyperglycemic drugs. The study was aimed to evaluate antihyperglycemic activity as well as to determine the most optimum dose of T. diversifolia to reduce blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemic condition was induced to male Rattus norvegicus rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw (body weight). In this study, completely randomized design was performed with three treatment groups and five times repetition. Group P1 received glibenclamide 10 mg/kg bw, P2 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw, P3 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw. Administration of both glibenclamide and aqueous extract of T. diversifolia was conducted orally for 28 days. Data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan’s test with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that the mean percentage of decrease in blood glucose levels, drink intake and body weight of all treatment groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Data of feed intake showed that P1 was significantly different from P2 (p<0.05), but P2 was not significantly different from P3 (p>0.05). Based on the result of this research, it was found that the low doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia has the same ability to decrease blood glucose level compared to glibenclamide. Futhermore, this study provide some information that can be used as preclinical analysis to determine effective doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia to decrease blood glucose levels.

Barcoding of Fin Clip Samples Revealed High Exploitation of Plectropomus leopardus in Spermonde Archipelago Nuryanto, Agus; Pramono, Hendro; Kusbiyanto, Kusbiyanto; Ghifari, Muhammad Iqbal; Andareswari, Novi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Spermonde Archipelago in South Sulawesi is among groupers sources in Indonesia for International Marine Live Trade. It was not much known which species are mostly exploited in those areas during the study because only fin clip samples could be obtained. Here we performed DNA forensic analysis to groupers fin clips collected from Spermonde Archipelago using barcode marker to know what species were exploited and which ones was the most exploited species. A total of 110 fin clip samples were obtained during the field trips. Sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene was successful for only 36 samples. Species determination was based on sequences similarity to conspecific sequence available in barcoding of life database (BOLD). BOLD similarity test placed the 36 fin clip samples into four different species, namely Cromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus ongus, Plectropomus leopardus, and Plectropomus maculatus. The K-2P taxonomic tree showed clear separation among species which was supported by high K2P genetic distances among species. Most of fin clips were identified as Plectropomus leopardus indicates that this species was the most exploited in Spermonde Archipelago. This proved that molecular identification not only can be used to biodiversity study in certain area but also in forensic analysis of a threatened wildlife. This study has important contribution for conservation effort of those groupers species, especially P. leopradus and provides new approach for taxonomist and conservation managers to identify samples, especially when only incomplete specimens are available.

The Potential of Wild Mango Leaves from Sumatera as the Immunostimulant Agent Sinaga, Patar; Roza, Rodesia Mustika; Isda, Mayta Novaliza; Fitmawati, Fitmawati; Juliantari, Erwina; Saputra, Agus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Wild Mango from Sumatera is potentially new immunostimulant. It contains mangiferin, which is potentially become the immunostimulant candidate. This study aimed to prove the immunostimulatory effect of wild mango leaves extract on white rat peritoneum fluid induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The immunostimulatory effect was determined based on the activity and capacity of macrophage phagocytosis. This study used 54 male white rats about 130 g - 290 g. Based on the results,the highest phagocytosis activity of macrophage cells was found in ethanol extract of Mangga Hutan leaves dose 2 with a percentage of phagocytosis activity was 84%. The highest phagocytosis capacity of the macrophage cells was also found in ethanol extract of Mangga Hutan leaves dose 2 with an average phagocytic capacity of 171.67 from 50 active macrophages. Results of this study indicated that wild mango leaves from Sumatera has the potential immunostimulant activity. This indicates that the wild mango have the potential for therapeutic efficacy for the prevention of degenerative diseases caused by immune deficiencies.

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Extract on Diabetic Rats Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Hernayanti, Hernayanti; Andarwanti, Suci; Ekowati, Nuraeni; Purwanti, Endang Sri; Sukmawati, Dalia
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome which occurs when insulin is insufficiently produced or insulin cannot well serve its function. Diabetes is marked with increase in blood glucose level followed by increase in glycosylated hemoglobin level and decrease in insulin level. This research aims to examining the effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on the blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of diabetic white rat and determining the most effective dose of extract to be a diabetic agent. This research was experimentally conducted by employing Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment groups consisted of healthy rats group (K1), rats with diabetes as negative control (K2), diabetic rats with the administration of metformin 45 mg/kg BW as the comparison (K3) and diabetic rats with the administration of G. lucidum extract with dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg /kg BW (K4, K5 and K6 respectively). Blood glucose level examination was conducted after the alloxan induction with single dose of 125 mg/kg BW by intraperitoneal injection. The results show that mushroom G. lucidum extract administration with dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (K6) is the best dose to be an anti-diabetic agent. The benefit of the research is developing anti-diabetic agent from herbal resources.

Page 31 of 107 | Total Record : 1068

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Dr. Ir. Dyah Rini Indriyanti

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Kota semarang,

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