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Jurnal Riset Akuakultur
Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana
ISSN : 19076754     EISSN : 25026534     DOI : http://doi.org/10.15578/JRA
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of various aquaculture disciplines include genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in aquaculture
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 763 Documents
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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KUNYIT DAN TEMULAWAK PADA MEDIA KULTUR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS CACING SUTERA (Tubifex sp.) Pandawa, Teresa Dewi; Rahardjo, Sinung; Nurhudah, Moch.
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Maret (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.20.1.2025.89-101

Abstract

Cacing sutera (Tubifex sp.) merupakan organisme akuatik yang memiliki peran strategis dalam sektor akuakultur sebagai pakan alami bagi ikan. Kualitas organisme ini sangat memengaruhi efektivitas budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan serbuk kunyit (Curcuma longa) dan temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dalam pakan terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas Tubifex sp. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan: P0 (tanpa tambahan), P1 (2,5 g kunyit + 7,5 g temulawak), P2 (5 g kunyit + 5 g temulawak), dan P3 (7,5 g kunyit + 2,5 g temulawak), masing-masing per 100 g pakan. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setiap 3 hari sebanyak 1140 g m-² selama 21 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi serbuk kunyit dan temulawak secara signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan bobot dan produktivitas Tubifex sp., dengan P2 memberikan hasil terbaik (317,54 ± 13,16 g dan 2646,18 ± 109,74 g m-² siklus-1) (P<0,05). Penyerapan kurkumin tertinggi tercatat pada P2 sebesar 44,32 ± 11,30 mg kg-1 (P<0,05). Uji mikrobiologis menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan bebas dari kontaminasi Salmonella sp. dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penambahan serbuk kunyit dan temulawak dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan mutu dan keamanan Tubifex sp. dalam budidaya. Culturing Silkworms (Tubifex sp.) as a highly nutritious natural feed for farmed fish has been limited due to reliance on wild supply and limitation on reliable growth medium. This study aimed to assess the effects of addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) powders in culture media on the productivity and quality of Tubifex sp. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 (no addition), P1 (2.5 g turmeric + 7.5 g Javanese turmeric), P2 (5 g turmeric + 5 g Javanese turmeric), and P3 (7.5 g turmeric + 2.5 g Javanese turmeric), per 100 g of feed for each treatment. Feeding was done every 3 days at a dose of 1140 g m-² for 21 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. Results showed that turmeric and Javanese turmeric powders supplementation significantly increased Tubifex sp. weight growth and productivity, with P2 giving the best results (317.54 ± 13.16 g and 2646.18 ± 109.74 g m-² cycle-1) (P<0.05). The highest curcumin absorption was recorded in P2 at 44.32 ± 11.30 mg kg-1 (P<0.05). Microbiological tests showed that all treatments were free from Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli contamination. This study indicated that addition of turmeric and Javanese turmeric powders in feed could improve the quality and safety of Tubifex sp. in aquaculture.
EKSTRAK KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI UNTUK PENGOBATAN UDANG VANAME YANG DIINFEKSI Vibrio parahaemolyticus Ramadhani, Dian Eka; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Saputri, Rika Ani; Widanarni, Widanarni; Rizkiyanti, Ita
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 4 (2024): Desember (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.345-364

Abstract

Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) or Acute Hepato Pancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) caused by the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. par) causes mass deaths in shrimp farming. This study aims to obtain the effective dose of shallot skin extract as a treatment for Pacific whiteleg shrimp infected with V. par RfR (rifampicin resistance 50 µg mL- 1). This research was conducted at the Pilot plane Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Jepara Centre for Brackish Water Aquaculture (BBPBAP). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications, namely K- (negative control), K+ (positive control), KBM6,25 (shallot skin extract 6,25%), KBM12,5 (shallot skin extract red 12,5%), and KBM25 (shallot skin extract 25%). This research used Pacific whiteleg shrimp 3,41 ± 0,73 g fish-1,which were injected with V. par RfR bacteria and continued with 14 days of maintenance. The results showed that administration of shallot skin extract at a dose of 6,25% resulted in total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phagocytic activity (AF), reduction in the number of V. par RfR bacteria, survival rate, and feeding ratio which were significantly different compared to the positive control. Meanwhile, the clinical symptoms caused by treatment with shallot skin extract at doses of 6,25%, 12,5% and 25% recovered on the 14th day compared to the positive control, which still experienced clinical symptoms of infection.
APLIKASI ARANG AKTIF BATOK KELAPA DAN ZEOLIT DENGAN FILTER FISIK BUSA BERBEDA UNTUK MANAJEMEN KUALITAS AIR MEDIA BUDIDAYA IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) Arnando, Edo; Taqwa, Ferdinand Hukama; Yonarta, Danang
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 3 (2024): September (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.229-242

Abstract

Ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kualitas air. Di sisi lain, kualitas air yang sesuai selain dapat menunjang tingkat kelangsungan hidup juga memengaruhi kecerahan warna ikan koi. Salah satu upaya untuk menjaga kualitas air tetap optimal adalah penerapan sistem resirkulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunan bahan filter arang aktif batok kelapa dan zeolit yang dikombinasikan dengan filter fisik busa berbeda terhadap kualitas air media pemeliharaan ikan koi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu: P1 (Japmat, arang aktif batok kelapa, dan zeolit), P2 (spons, arang aktif batok kelapa, dan zeolit), P3 (biofoam, arang aktif batok kelapa, dan zeolit), dan P4 (greenwool, arang aktif batok kelapa, dan zeolit). Ikan koi yang digunakan merupakan strain platinum dengan ukuran awal berkisar 6 ± 1 cm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P3 merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang secara signifikan menghasilkan nilai yang rendah (p<0,05) untuk kadar amonia yang berkisar 0,005-0,029 mg L-1 dan nilai kekeruhan antara 0,61-1,25 NTU. Nilai fisika-kimia air untuk suhu, oksigen terlarut, dan pH tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (p>0,05) antarperlakuan dengan perbedaan filter fisik busa yang digunakan. Penggunaan filter fisik busa berupa biofoam (P3) secara signifikan menghasilkan performa budidaya terbaik ditinjau dari pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang mutlak masing-masing sebesar 0,48g dan 1,40 cm, kelangsungan hidup 100% serta peningkatan kecerahan warna ikan mencapai 12,23.Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is very sensitive to changes in water quality which directly influences its colour and brightness. The use of a water recirculation system could improve the control of these water quality parameters by employing specific filter materials. This research aimed to determine the effect of activated coconut shell charcoal and zeolite filter materials combined with different physical polyester filters on the water quality of the koi fish rearing media. This research used a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and three replications, namely: P1 (Japmat, activated coconut shell charcoal, and zeolite), P2 (sponge, activated coconut shell charcoal, and zeolite), P3 (biofoam, activated coconut shell charcoal, and zeolite), and P4 (greenwool, activated coconut shell charcoal, and zeolite). The koi fish used are platinum strains with an initial size of 6±1 cm. The results showed that the P3 treatment was the best treatment, which produced significantly low values (p<0.05) for ammonia levels ranging from 0.005-0.029 mg L-1 and turbidity values between 0.61-1.25 NTU. The treatments showed no significant differences in water physicochemical values for temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH (p>0.05). The use of biofoam (P3) significantly resulted in the best cultivation performance in terms of absolute weight and length growth at 0.48 g and 1.40 cm, respectively, with a survival rate of 100% and increased fish color brightness at 12.23. This study concludes that the combined filters effectively filtered a wide range of organic and inorganic particulates in the rearing media of koi fish, reducing turbidity and improving the color and brightness of the fish.   
IMPROVED DESIGN AND ACCURACY OF REAL-TIME WATER QUALITY AND FILTERING SYSTEMS FOR APPLICATION IN IOT-BASED AQUACULTURE Desnanjaya, I Gusti Made Ngurah; Nugraha, I Made Aditya; Ariana, Anak Agung Gde Bagus
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Maret (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.20.1.2025.27-47

Abstract

Maintaining optimal water quality is essential in fish farming, as fluctuations in key parameters, such as pH, turbidity, and dissolved compounds, can lead to stress, disease, and even fish death. This study aimed to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water quality monitoring and filtration system that can operate in real-time to support the sustainability of aquaculture. This system integrated pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and ultrasonic sensors with Arduino Uno and ESP32 microcontrollers. Sensor data was transmitted in real-time to an Android application, which displayed it on an LCD, allowing users to monitor water quality and receive alerts when parameters deviated from optimal thresholds. The test results demonstrated a high level of sensor accuracy, specifically 96.51% for pH, 98.19% for TDS, and 97.03% for turbidity, as determined through comparisons with laboratory equipment, commercial devices, and manual measurements. The effectiveness of the filtration system was also proven to be significant: turbidity was reduced by an average of 58.87%, TDS decreased by 26.80%, and pH values became more stable within the optimal range for aquaculture with an improvement of 7.3%. This system was able to maintain the variation of the main water quality parameters within the ranges for raw and drinking water stipulated in Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 and Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 492 of 2010. This improved design is arguably more efficient than conventional methods because it reduces the need for labor and provides early warning of changes in water quality. Menjaga kualitas air yang optimal sangat penting dalam budidaya ikan, karena fluktuasi parameter utama seperti pH, kekeruhan, dan kandungan zat terlarut dapat menyebabkan stres, penyakit, hingga kematian pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem pemantauan dan penyaringan kualitas air berbasis internet of things (IoT) yang dapat beroperasi secara real-time untuk mendukung keberlanjutan akuakultur. Sistem ini mengintegrasikan sensor pH, turbiditas, total dissolved solids (TDS), dan sensor ultrasonik dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan ESP32. Data sensor ditransmisikan secara real-time ke aplikasi Android dan ditampilkan melalui LCD, memungkinkan pengguna memantau kualitas air dan menerima peringatan ketika parameter menyimpang dari ambang batas optimal. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi sensor yang tinggi, yaitu 96,51% untuk pH, 98,19% untuk TDS, dan 97,03% untuk kekeruhan, berdasarkan perbandingan dengan alat laboratorium, perangkat komersial, dan pengukuran manual. Efektivitas sistem filtrasi juga terbukti signifikan: kekeruhan berkurang rata-rata 58,87%, TDS menurun sebesar 26,80%, dan nilai pH menjadi lebih stabil dalam kisaran optimal untuk akuakultur dengan perbaikan sebesar 7.3%. Sistem ini telah memenuhi ketentuan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021 dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492 Tahun 2010 untuk kualitas air baku dan minum. Sistem ini terbukti lebih efisien dibanding metode konvensional karena mengurangi kebutuhan tenaga kerja dan memberikan peringatan dini terhadap perubahan kualitas air.
PERFORMA VAKSIN IKAN ‘TRIVALEN-SA’ PASCAPENYIMPANAN SELAMA 12 BULAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN KO-INFEKSI STREPTOCOCCOSIS DAN MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Kholidin, Edy Barkat; Wadjdy, Edy Farid; Sudarmaji, Sudarmaji; Sirodiana, Sirodiana; Abduh, Muhammad; Saputra, Adang; Murniasih, Siti; Taukhid, Taukhid
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 4 (2024): Desember (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.277-298

Abstract

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efikasi dan keamanan vaksin ikan ‘Trivalen-SA’ pascapenyimpanan selama 12 bulan untuk pencegahan ko-infeksi streptococcosis dan motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila yang sudah specific pathogen free dengan bobot 8 ± 1,2 g. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah aplikasi vaksin melalui: (1) Injeksi satu dosis (0,1 mL per ekor), (2) Injeksi dua dosis (0,2 mL per ekor), (3) Perendaman dalam larutan vaksin pada konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1,(4) Injeksi 0,1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) sebagai kontrol positif, dan (5) Perendaman dalam air segar selama 30 menit sebagai kontrol negatif.  Efikasi vaksin dievaluasi dengan nilai relative percent survival (RPS) melalui uji tantang terhadap kedua jenis bakteri infektif penyusun formula vaksin. Uji keamanan vaksin dilakukan sesuai metode standar pengujian vaksin ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vaksin ikan ‘Trivalen-SA’ pada pengujian ini masih aman dan protektif dengan hasil secara kuantitatif lebih baik karena nilai RPS terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila berkisar antara 15,79-29,82%; bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae (non-hemolitik) antara 25,92-48,15%, dan bakteri S. agalactiae (β-hemolitik) antara 18,52-40,75%. Proteksi sinergis terhadap ko-infeksi ketiga jenis atau biotipe bakteri adalah 27,37% untuk injeksi satu dosis; 39,57% untuk injeksi dua dosis, dan 22,54% untuk perendaman. Hasil terbaik berdasarkan kinerja sintasan dan pertambahan bobot tubuh ikan nila dengan nilai RPS mencapai 39,57% apabila diberikan vaksin melalui injeksi dua dosis (0,2 mL per ekor).A study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of the ‘Trivalen-SA’ fish vaccine after 12 months of storage in preventing co-infection by streptococcosis and motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Specific pathogen-free tilapia with a weight of 8 ± 1,2 g were used as the test fish. The treatments included: (1) Injection with a single dose (0.1 mL per fish), (2) Injection with a double dose (0.2 mL per fish), (3) Immersion with the vaccine solution in 107 CFU mL-1, (4) Injection with 0.1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a positive control, and (5) Immersion with freshwater for 30 minutes as a negative control. Vaccine efficacy was assessed using relative percent survival (RPS) values obtained from the challenge tests against each bacterial species in the vaccine. Vaccine safety was evaluated according to standard fish vaccine testing protocols. The results showed that the ‘Trivalen-SA’ vaccine in this study remained safe and effective indicated by RPS value against Aeromonas hydrophila ranged from 15.79 to 29.82%, non-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae ranged from 25.92 to 48.15%, and β-hemolytic S. agalactiae ranged from 18.52 to 40.75%. The synergistic protection against co-infection by all three bacterial species or biotypes was 27.37% for the single-dose injection, 39.57% for the double-dose injection, and 22.54% for the immersion method.  The best results based on the survival performance and body weight gain of tilapia with an RPS value reached 39.57% when given the vaccine through double-dose injection (0.2 mL per fish).
PENGARUH TINGKAT DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN PAKAN PADA PEMELIHARAAN BENIH IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) Firdaus, Rahmat; Syandri, Hafrijal; Azrita, Azrita
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 4 (2024): Desember (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.365-382

Abstract

Pakan komersial menyumbang hingga 85% dari biaya produksi dalam pembenihan ikan gurami, dengan kenaikan harga yang berdampak pada efisiensi produksi. Optimalisasi feeding rate (FR) dan feeding frequency (FF) sangat penting dalam pengelolaan pakan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi FR dan FF terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan pada benih ikan gurami. Rancangan acak lengkap faktorial digunakan dengan dua tingkat FR (3% dan 6%) serta tiga tingkat FF (1, 2, dan 3 kali per hari), menghasilkan enam kombinasi perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Ikan gurami (0,81 ± 0,02 g; 3,79 ± 0,17 cm) dipelihara selama 60 hari dalam unit dengan volume 20 L dengan kepadatan 1 ekor L⁻¹ dan pergantian air yang seragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi FR 6% dengan FF tiga kali per hari menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan terbaik, dengan bobot akhir (5,74 g), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (3,25% hari⁻¹), pertambahan bobot harian (82,17 mg hari⁻¹), koefisien pertumbuhan termal (4,74), dan faktor kondisi (1,91). Kombinasi FR 6% dengan FF dua kali per hari menghasilkan panjang akhir (6,96 cm), biomassa akhir (113,75 g), hasil bersih (4,87 g L⁻¹), total konsumsi pakan (120,07 g), dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (100%) tertinggi. Rasio konversi pakan terbaik (0,83) dan efisiensi pakan tertinggi (82,46%) ditemukan pada FR 3% dengan FF tiga kali per hari, meskipun tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Secara keseluruhan, FR 6% dengan FF tiga kali per hari merupakan kombinasi paling efektif untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan (rasio konversi pakan 1,05; efisiensi pakan 81,87%) dan direkomendasikan dalam manajemen pembenihan ikan gurami.Commercial feed accounts for up to 85% of production costs in giant gourami hatcheries, with rising prices impacting production efficiency. Optimizing feeding rate (FR) and feeding frequency (FF) is crucial for managing feed use. This study analyzed effects of different FR and FF combinations on growth performance and feed utilization in giant gourami fry. A factorial completely randomized design was used with two FR (3% and 6%) and three FF levels (1, 2, and 3 times per day), totaling six treatment combinations with three replicates. Giant gourami (0.81 ± 0.02 g, 3.79 ± 0.17 cm) were reared for 60 days in 20 L units at a density of 1 fish L-1, with uniform water exchange. Results showed that FR 6% with FF three times per day yielded the best growth performance, with final weight (5.74 g), specific growth rate (3.25% day-1), daily weight gain (82.17 mg day-1), thermal growth coefficient (4.74), and condition factor (1.91). The FR 6% with FF twice per day combination resulted in the highest final length (6.96 cm), biomass (113.75 g), net yield (4.87 g L-1), total feed consumption (120.07 g), and survival rate (100%). The best feed conversion ratio (0.83) and feed efficiency (82.46%) were observed in FR 3% with FF three times per day, though it did not enhance growth. Overall, FR 6% with FF three times per day was the most effective for optimizing growth and feed utilization (feed conversion ratio 1.05; feed efficiency 81.87%) and is recommended for giant gourami hatchery management.
EFFECT OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN PLANT-BASED FEED ON FEED UTILIZATION AND GROWTH OF Pangasius hypophthalmus DURING THE GROW-OUT STAGE Rini, Endah Setyo; Rachmawati, Diana; Sarjito, Sarjito
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 3 (2024): September (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.243-257

Abstract

Phytic acid, found in many plant-based fish feed ingredients, is an anti-nutritional compound that binds with minerals, forming complexes that fish intestines cannot easily absorb. Adding phytase, an enzyme, to plant-based feeds has shown potential in enhancing nutrient absorption and has been effective for various aquaculture species. However, its impact on Pangasius hypophthalmus, a commonly farmed fish, remains underexplored. This study examines the effects of phytase on feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (EFU), protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), and survival rate (SR) of P. hypophthalmus. Fish (average weight 11.55 g) were kept at a density of 40 fish m-³ in a fully randomized design with four treatments (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 FTU kg-1 feed) and three repetitions. Data on RGR, EFU, PER, FCR, SR, and water quality were analyzed. Results indicated that phytase significantly improved RGR, EFU, PER, and FCR (P<0.05), though SR remained unaffected. The optimal phytase dose, 738-810 FTU kg-1 feed, produced an EFU of 69.3% and an RGR of 4.77% per day during the grow-out stage. Water quality parameters remained stable and within optimal ranges across all treatments.Asam fitat, yang ditemukan dalam banyak bahan pakan ikan berbasis tanaman, adalah senyawa anti-nutrisi yang mengikat mineral, membentuk kompleks yang sulit diserap oleh usus ikan. Penambahan fitase, enzim, pada pakan berbasis tanaman menunjukkan potensi dalam meningkatkan penyerapan nutrisi dan telah efektif untuk berbagai komoditas budidaya. Namun, dampaknya pada Pangasius hypophthalmus, ikan yang umum dibudidayakan, masih belum banyak dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji efek fitase pada rasio konversi pakan (RKP), efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP), rasio efisiensi protein (REP), laju pertumbuhan relatif (LPR), dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) dari P. hypophthalmus. Ikan (berat rata-rata 11,55 g) dipelihara pada kepadatan 40 ikan m-³ dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan (0, 500, 1000, dan 1500 FTU kg-1 pakan) dan tiga ulangan. Data LPR, EPP, REP, RKH, TKH, dan kualitas air dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fitase secara signifikan meningkatkan LPR, EPP, REP, dan RKP (P<0,05), meskipun berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TKH. Dosis fitase optimal, 738-810 FTU kg-1 pakan, menghasilkan EPP sebesar 69,3% dan LPR sebesar 4,77% per hari selama tahap pembesaran. Parameter kualitas air tetap stabil dan dalam rentang optimal di semua perlakuan. 
THE EFFECTS OF FERMENTED BANANA STEM (Musa paradisiaca) IN REDUCING ECTOPARASITE INFESTATION IN FARMED RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) Sari, Yolania Anita; Yanadea, Elvira Clara; Putra, Narendra Rhayszha Metryana; Pangestuti, Novia Dwi; Praditya, Aisyah Febri; Windarto, Seto
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 4 (2024): Desember (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.299-314

Abstract

Tilapia is a widely farmed freshwater fish due to its fast growth and disease resistance. However, ectoparasite infestations hinder its health and growth. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat these parasites, but their negative effects have led to the search for alternatives, such as banana (Musa paradisiaca) stem. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of fermented banana stem on ectoparasite mortality in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment included treatments with fermented banana stem at concentrations of 5 g.L⁻¹, 10 g.L⁻¹, and 15 g.L⁻¹, along with a control group. The fish samples were obtained from a goverment owned farming pond facility and a fish market with the average sizes of 10.2 ± 3.8 cm and 7.5 ± 1.3 cm, respectively. Farmed tilapia from the market pond had more ectoparasites compared to the fish collected from the government farming facility. The identified parasites were: Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Ichtyophtirius multifilis, and Oodinium sp. The result showed that the fermented banana stem had different effective time in eradicating different ectoparasites ranged from 480-840 s for Trichodina sp., followed by 1380-1920 s for Dactylogyrus sp., and 2040-2640 s for Gyrodactylus sp. At concentrations of 10–15 g.L⁻¹, it significantly accelerated parasite mortality and increased tilapia survival rates by up to 80%. This study concludes that bioactive compounds in fermented banana stem effectively treat ectoparasites disease attacks and improve fish health.Ikan nila merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan karena pertumbuhannya yang cepat dan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit. Namun, infestasi ektoparasit dapat menghambat kesehatan dan pertumbuhannya. Antibiotik umumnya digunakan untuk mengobati jenis parasit ini, tetapi dampak negatifnya mendorong pencarian alternatif, seperti batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca). Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai dosis fermentasi batang pisang terhadap mortalitas ektoparasit pada nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Percobaan melibatkan perlakuan dengan fermentasi batang pisang pada konsentrasi 5 g.L⁻¹, 10 g.L⁻¹, dan 15 g.L⁻¹, serta kelompok kontrol. Sampel ikan diperoleh dari kolam budidaya milik pemerintah dan pasar ikan, dengan ukuran rata-rata masing-masing 10,2 ± 3,8 cm dan 7,5 ± 1,3 cm. Ikan dari pasar memiliki lebih banyak ektoparasit dibandingkan dengan ikan dari fasilitas pemerintah. Parasit yang teridentifikasi meliputi Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, dan Oodinium sp.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi batang pisang memiliki efektivitas waktu berbeda dalam membasmi ektoparasit, berkisar antara 480–840 detik untuk Trichodina sp., 1380–1920 detik untuk Dactylogyrus sp., dan 2040–2640 detik untuk Gyrodactylus sp.. Pada konsentrasi 10–15 g.L⁻¹, fermentasi batang pisang secara signifikan mempercepat kematian parasit dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan hingga 80%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif dalam batang pisang terfermentasi efektif dalam mengobati serangan penyakit akibat ektoparasit dan meningkatkan kesehatan ikan nila.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF SIAM WEED (Chromolaena odorata) LEAF EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND TO TREAT Vibrio parahaemolyticus INFECTION IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) Magfira, Magfira; Abidin, La Ode Baytul; Nur, Indriyani
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 3 (2024): September (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.177-190

Abstract

Siam weed plant or Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) is an herb commonly used as a medicinal plant in Asian countries, including Indonesia, particularly in   Southeast Sulawesi. This study explores the effectiveness of different Siam weed leaf extract concentrations in treating Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaus vannamei). In this study, the infected shrimps were soaked in C. odorata leaf extract solution at 1, 2, and 3 ppt concentrations and no soaking of the extract (control). The parameters measured were recovery rate, survival rate, percentage of total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC). The results showed that the V. parahaemolyticus-infected Pacific white shrimps soaked in 3 ppt C. odorata leaf extract had the highest recovery and survival rates compared to shrimp treated with C. odorata leaf extract at 1 and 2 ppt. Similarly, the shrimp group treated with 3 ppt of C. odorata leaf extract had better haemolymph profiles than those treated with the other concentrations of C. odorata leaf extract. This study concludes that C. odorata leaf extract enhances the immune response of L. vannamei by increasing the activity of semi-granular cells  in eliminating the pathogenic cells of V. parahaemolyticus.Tanaman krinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) merupakan tanaman herbal yang umum digunakan sebagai tanaman obat di negara-negara Asia, termasuk Indonesia, khususnya di Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun tanaman krinyuh dalam mengobati infeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus pada udang vaname (Litopenaus vannamei). Pada penelitian ini, udang yang terinfeksi direndam ke dalam larutan ekstrak daun C. odorata pada konsentrasi 1, 2, dan 3 ppt dan tanpa perendaman ekstrak (kontrol). Parameter yang diukur adalah tingkat kesembuhan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, persentase jumlah hemosit total (JHT), dan jumlah hemosit diferensial (JHD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa udang vaname yang terinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus yang direndam dalam ekstrak daun C. odorata 3 ppt memiliki tingkat kesembuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi disbanding udang yang diobati dengan ekstrak daun C. odorata pada konsentrasi 1 dan 2 ppt. Demikian pula, kelompok udang yang diberi 3 ppt ekstrak daun C. odorata memiliki profil hemolim yang lebih baik daripada yang diberi konsentrasi ekstrak daun C. odorata lainnya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun C. odorata meningkatkan respons imun L. vannamei dengan meningkatkan aktivitas sel semi-granular dalam menghilangkan sel patogen V. parahaemolyticus. 
EVALUASI TOKSISITAS AKUT DAN SUB-AKUT DARI INSEKTISIDA LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN PADA IKAN PATIN Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Mahmud, Moh Burhanuddin; Hastuti, Yuni Puji; Nirmala, Kukuh; Supriyono, Eddy; Nurussalam, Wildan
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 3 (2024): September (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.259-275

Abstract

Lambda-cyhalothrin adalah insektisida beracun yang seringkali digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama di lahan pertanian. Insektisida ini sangat beracun terhadap organisme akuatik dan berpotensi mengganggu keseimbangan metabolisme dan fisiologi ikan budidaya. Ikan patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar yang sangat rentan terpapar Lambda-cyhalothrin karena letak sistem budidaya yang berdekatan dengan lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas akut Lambda-cyhalothrin dan efek sub-akut terhadap organ tubuh ikan patin. Ikan patin diperoleh dari pembudidaya ikan di Bogor, Jawa Barat, dengan berat dan Panjang rata-rata 8,59 ± 0,47 g dan 7,52 ± 0,83 cm. Bahan toksikan yang digunakan adalah insektisida Lambda-cyhalothrin. Ikan yang diuji dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 30x30x30 cm3 yang diisi air sebanyak 20 L. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu uji nilai kisaran, uji toksisitas akut LC50-96 jam, dan uji sub akut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LC50-96 jam Lambda-cyhalothrin pada ikan patin adalah 5,2 µg L-1. Hasil uji sub akut dengan taraf perlakuan 2,6 µg L-1 menunjukkan pertumbuhan minimal 0,688% dan berdampak nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar glukosa yang mencapai 148,16 mg dL-1. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Lambda-cyhalothrin bersifat merugikan terhadap ikan patin yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang nyata pada insang, usus, dan hati yang dibuktikan dengan adanya hiperplasia, proliferasi, vakuolisasi, kongesti, fusi, nekrosis, cloudy swelling dan inflamasi.Lambda-cyhalothrin is a toxic insecticide frequently used to control pests in agricultural settings. This insecticide is very toxic to aquatic organisms and can potentially disrupt the balance of metabolism and physiology of farmed fish. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is one of farmed freshwater fish species highly susceptible to being exposed to Lambda-cyhalothrin due to the common shared location of the farming system with agricultural land. This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin and the sub-acute effects on the organs of the striped catfish. The striped catfish was obtained from fish farmers in Bogor, West Java, with an average weight and length of 8.59 ± 0.47 g and 7.52 ± 0.83 cm, respectively. The toxicant material used was Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The tested fish were reared in aquarium sized 30x30x30 cm3 filled with 20 L of water. This study was divided into three stages, i.e., range value test, acute toxicity test (96h-LC50), and sub-acute test. The result showed that 96h-LC50 of Lambda-cyhalothrin on striped catfish was 5.2 µg L-1. The results of the sub-acute test with a treatment level of 2.6 µg L-1 showed minimal growth at 0.688% and a significant impact (P<0.05) on glucose levels, which reached 148.16 mg dL-1. This study concludes that Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide is detrimental to striped catfish, causing noticeable damage to the gill, intestine, and liver, as evidenced by hyperplasia, proliferation, vacuolization, congestion, fusion, necrosis, cloudy swelling, and inflammation.

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