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INDONESIA
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia
ISSN : 08537704     EISSN : 26203162     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia (JRI) is an online and printed scientific publication of the Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR). The journal is published thrice-monthly within a year (January, April, July and October). The journal is focused to present original article, article review, and case report in pulmonary and critical care medicine.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 360 Documents
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Profile of Pulmonary Tuberculosis After COVID-19 at Toba District, North Sumatra Province Simatupang, Elvando Tunggul Mauliate; Simanjuntak, Arya Marganda; Yovi, Indra; Simbolon, Rohani Lasmaria; Fauzi, Zarfiardy Aksa
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i4.716

Abstract

Background: Worldwide cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have significantly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesia accounted for 6,811,818 of the 767,518,723 cases reported by the World Health Organization. While the Indonesian Ministry of Health reported 824,000 cases, the Global Tuberculosis Report in 2022 reported 10.6 million cases. The pandemic has hampered the goal of eliminating PTB globally, with cases diagnosed after COVID-19 having a 7.15-fold increased risk of contracting the illness.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using total sampling to identify the profile of patients with PTB after having COVID-19 based on age, gender, classification, and type of PTB, as well as the duration of occurrence of PTB after COVID-19. The data collected were from COVID-19 patients from 2020 to 2022, then compared with PTB data. All data were compared to ensure that COVID-19 and PTB patient data were the same.Results: Of the 2544 patients recorded, 29 (1.1%) were infected with PTB after COVID-19 infection. The mean age of patients was 34±18.9 and was dominated by men (68.9%). Most of the cases were drug-sensitive TB (96.6%) and clinically diagnosed TB (55.2%). Age had a statistically significant association with the occurrence of TB cases after COVID-19 infection (P<0.0001). The mean time from the initial diagnosis of COVID-19 to the diagnosis of confirmed TB was approximately 203±34.3 days (6.7 months).Conclusion: After COVID-19, patients have the potential to be infected with TB. Screening former COVID-19 patients can be one solution to finding early cases of PTB.
Dust, Cigarette Smoke, and Cold Air are the Main Risk Factors for Asthma Attacks Agustina, Wiwik
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i4.647

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of asthma has increased worldwide over the past few decades, with an estimated incidence reaching 400 million people by 2025. By the end of 2020, the prevalence of asthma in Indonesia was 4.5% of the total population, exceeding 12 million individuals.Methods: This study aimed to analyze the most frequent risk factors for asthma attacks. A correlative descriptive design was employed, with a population consisting of all asthma patients. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 30 respondents. This research was conducted in Malang and included respondents with a history of asthma who were not hospitalized.Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that 72% of asthma recurrences were attributed to dust, cigarette smoke, cold air, family/hereditary history of disease, obesity, pollen, animal dander, seafood, eggs/nuts, fungi, and cow's milk. The remaining 28% were linked to other risk factors, including pregnancy, stress, excessive emotions, physical fatigue, weather changes, and more. The three primary risk factors for asthma attacks were dust (87%), cigarette smoke (83%), and cold air (73%).Conclusion: Asthma recurrence is primarily caused by hypersensitivity, with allergens triggering elevated IgE levels, leading to bronchoconstriction and subsequent asthma attacks. The findings of this study identified dust, cigarette smoke, and cold air as the main risk factors for asthma recurrence. Asthma patients need to recognize their allergens to facilitate preventive measures and reduce the likelihood of asthma attacks.
Differences in Interleukin-6 Levels, Neutrophil Levels, and Length of Hospitalization in Pneumonia Patients with and without Garlic Supplementation (Allium sativum) Irawan, Yogie; Harsini, Harsini; Sutanto, Yusup Subagio
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i3.396

Abstract

bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with high mortality and morbidity rates. The examination of IL-6 and neutrophils helps in diagnosis as a marker of inflammation, a predictor of mortality and morbidity, and is useful in evaluating the outcome of treatment. Garlic and its organosulfur content possess anti-inflammatory activity that has the potential to be used as additional therapy in pneumonia patients.Methods: A clinical study with a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was conducted on pneumonia patients who were hospitalized at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta from August to October 2022 by consecutive sampling. The treatment group (n=20) received standard therapy plus 3.5 mg of garlic capsules per day for 6 days, while the control group (n=20) received standard therapy. Levels of IL-6 and neutrophil were calculated on the first and sixth days, while the length of hospitalization was calculated from when the patient was admitted until discharge.Results: There was a significant IL-6 difference in the treatment group (P=0.027) and a neutrophil difference in the treatment group (P=0.025) compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference (P=0.876) in the length of stay in the treatment group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Giving garlic as a supplemental therapy to pneumonia patients could significantly reduce IL-6 and neutrophil levels.
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Level, Blood Absolute Neutrophil Count in Correlation with Diffusion Capacity and Exercise Capacity of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital Lestari, Anggraini Dwi; Apriningsih, Hendrastutik; Reviono, Reviono; Sutanto, Yusup Subagio; Setijadi, Ana Rima
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i3.400

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exposure to cigarette smoke activates alveolar macrophages producing neutrophils and proteases such as MMP-9 and NE that damage the extracellular matrix triggering emphysema as well as spill over into the systemic circulation. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum MMP-9 level and blood absolute neutrophil count with diffusion capacity and exercise capacity of stable COPD patients.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in stable COPD patients visiting the pulmonary outpatient clinic of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Hospital in October 2022. Consecutive sampling was applied for sample collection. We assessed diffusion capacity and exercise capacity with the DLCO method and 6MWT, respectively. We examined serum MMP-9 level and blood absolute neutrophil count. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Thirty stable COPD patients were included in the study comprising 19 males (63.3%), and 11 females (36.7%). With a mean age of 61.90±9.99. Serum MMP-9 level did not correlate with either diffusion capacity and blood absolute neutrophil count (P=0.898 and P=0.589, respectively). However, serum MMP-9 level had a significant correlation with exercise capacity (P=0.014). There was no correlation between blood absolute neutrophil count with diffusion capacity and exercise capacity (P=0.0281 and P=0.592, respectively). Diffusion capacity related to exercise capacity (P=0.001).Conclusion: Serum MMP-9 level is not related to diffusion capacity, but it is related to exercise capacity. Blood absolute neutrophil count is not related to diffusion capacity or exercise capacity. Serum MMP-9 level is not associated with blood absolute neutrophil count. Diffusion capacity is related to exercise capacity. 
Somatotype and Ratio of Chest Circumference to Height in Asthma Patients and Its Relation to Asthma Control Level Rosyadah, Prima Aprilia; Handayani, Selfi; Hastami, Yunia; Ghozali, Dhoni Akbar
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 45 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v45i1.450

Abstract

Background: Asthma control level is related to body composition. Somatotype is a body shape classification that is used to measure body composition indirectly using anthropometry. As far as we know, no studies are related to somatotype and asthma control levels. This study aims to describe the somatotype and the ratio of chest circumference to height and its relation to asthma control level. Methods: This research is an observational study at Surakarta in September-December 2022. The subjects were 51 asthma patients under control and met the criteria. Measurement of somatotype and the ratio of chest circumference to height was carried out by anthropometric methods. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire assessed the asthma control level. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software with Fisher’s test and unpaired t-test. Results: out of 51 asthmatic patients, 43 (84,3%) had endomorphic and 8 (15,7%) ectomorphic. Fisher’s test showed no significant relationship between somatotype and asthma control level (P=0.56). Meanwhile, the mean ratio of chest circumference to height in controlled patients was 0.54, while those who were uncontrolled were 0.58. The results of the unpaired t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the ratio of chest circumference to height and asthma control level (P=0.03).   Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between somatotype and asthma control level, but there is a significant relationship between the ratio of chest circumference to height and the asthma control level.
Risk Factors for EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) Gene Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients at Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province Riensya, Bayu Aulia; Munir, Sri Melati; Wijaya, Dewi
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i3.484

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is the first cause of oncological death worldwide. Guidelines made by various cancer associations, including PDPI-IASTO, regarding NSCLC recommend that all advanced stages of NSCLC undergo target genetic testing, such as EGFR mutations. The incidence of EGFR mutations in Asian populations is quite high.Methods: This was a retrospective observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design.Results: The most unmodifiable risk factors were age ≥45 years (81.4%), male sex (70.6%), location of lung cancer on the right (52.9%), cancer size of ≥5 cm (100%), M1a metastases (57.8%), and no family history of malignancy (97.1%). The smoking status (ex-smoker) (P=0.022; OR=4.3; 95% CI=1.24-15.57), sex (male) (P=0.007; OR=3.409; 95% CI=1.406-8.268), and metastatic status (M1a) (P=0.025; OR=0.203; 95% CI=0.05-0.821) were the dominant risk factors that affected the incidence of EGFR mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma at Arifin Achmad Hospital.Conclusion: Male, ex-smokers, and metastatic status (M1a) were the dominant risk factors for the incidence of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients at Arifin Achmad Hospital. 
Anti-TB Drug Side-Effects on the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh Arliny, Yunita; Muarif, Muhammad Fadjar; Mahdani, Wilda; Yanifitri, Dewi Behtri
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 45 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.45i1.507

Abstract

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is treated with second-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs which are comparatively less effective and more toxic. The increased toxicity of the drugs may lead to the occurrence of side effects throughout the treatment. The study aims to assess DR-TB patients' side effects and clinical profile at the dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh. Methods: Observational descriptive study of DR-TB patients who underwent treatment from 2020 to 2022 at dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh. The data was taken from medical records of patients which are then analysed using univariate analysis. Results: Out of 49 patients, most of them were male with 23 people (65,3%), belonging to the age group of 46-55 with 11 people (22,4%), worked as entrepreneurs with 11 people (22,4%), and most came from Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar with 14 people each (28,6%). Twenty-seven patients (65,1%) were suspected of secondary infection, most of which were cases of relapse from 10 people (20,4%). 39 of the patients (79,6%) had rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. 36 patients (73,4%) were given individualized treatment with Lfx – Bdq – Lzd – Cfz – Cs being the most common drug combination given to 16 people (32.7%). All patients experienced side effects from the treatment, with the most common being nausea from 28 people (57,1%) followed by peripheral neuropathy from 19 people (38,8%). Conclusion: Side effects are commonly found in the treatment of DR-TB and may become more prevalent as the treatment continues. Educating the patient and treating side effects is important to maintain patient compliance.
Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract in Inhibiting Lung Fibrosis in Wistar Rats with Diabetic Model Zaenab, Zahrina Isnandia; Suryono, Suryono; Aziz, Ayu Munawaroh
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i3.534

Abstract

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to macrovascular and microvascular complications in various organs. Organ fibrosis is one of the microvascular complications due to diabetes. Hyperglycemia triggers ROS formation thereby causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress enhances pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic activities. The lungs have a lot of vascularization and connective tissue, making them susceptible to diabetes complications. Moringa is called 'The Miracle Tree' because it has many properties. Moringa leaves are the most studied part, for their efficacy as antioxidants. This study examines the effect of moringa leaf extract (MLE) in inhibiting lung fibrosis in diabetic Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 27 male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups, K0, K1 and P. Group K0 was given saline (ip) and saline (orally); K1 was given Streptozotocin (STZ) (ip) and saline (orally); P was given STZ (ip) and MLE (orally). MLE was administered daily at 1000 mg/Kg BW dose for four weeks. Lung fibrosis assessment was carried out using a modified Ashcroft scale.Results: Lung fibrosis assessment showed that the K1 group had the highest mean of lung fibrosis and K0 had the lowest mean of lung fibrosis. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference in the data comparison between the three groups. The post-hoc test showed that there was a significant difference in the data comparison between groups. Comparison of the K0-K1 group data showed the smallest significance value and comparison of the K0-P group data showed the highest significance value. Conclusion: MLE can inhibit lung fibrosis in diabetic Wistar rats.
Comparison of Length of Stay of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Other Comorbidities Sugiri, Yani Jane; Fatoni, Arie Zainul; Rosita, Theresia Daniella
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 45 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v45i1.591

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). In 2020, a disease known as COVID-19 became a global pandemic. This disease can spread through the air or mucosal contact with the body. The impact of COVID-19 varies greatly from person to person and depends on various factors, including any pre-existing health conditions. This study aimed to determine the hospitalization period for severe and critical COVID-19 patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, heart failure, stroke, pregnancy, coronary artery disease, and asthma in the Intensive Care Unit at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar in Malang. Methods: This study used an observational analysis method by taking secondary data from medical records and out-of-hospital data of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The data that has been collected is carried out by a normality test using the Saphiro-Wilk test then the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn test as a follow-up test. Results: The study was dominated by subjects less than 60 years of age, male, and most had comorbidities.  It was found that only in death outcome group has a significance value of P<0.05, with the longest hospital stays in patients without comorbidities and patients with diabetes mellitus only (ICU Median=7.5 days), while the shortest length of stay was obtained in patients with comorbidities other than diabetes and hypertension (ICU Median=3.5 days). Conclusion:  The presence of multiple comorbidities in patients is associated with greater severity of illness, resulting in longer hospital stays among those who are discharged. Conversely, patients who experience death outcomes tend to have shorter lengths of stay in the hospital.
Differences in White Blood Cells, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α based on Procalcitonin Level in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Sutanto, Yusup Subagio; Apriningsih, Hendrastutik; Syaikhu, Akhmad; Siregar, Sihsusetyaningtyas Tiominar
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i3.632

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Procalcitonin (PCT) levels will rise, especially in bacterial infection. PCT examination in CAP can help to confirm the diagnosis and anticipate complications. CAP is diagnosed by symptoms, vital signs, laboratory tests, and radiographic investigations. Inflammatory biomarkers are required for predicting causative microorganisms, guiding antibiotic therapy, and determining severity. The purpose of this study is to compare NLR, WBC, and TNF-α levels in CAP patients dependent on PCT level.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 43 CAP patients admitted to Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Hospital and Moewardi Regional General Hospital Surakarta between February and March 2023. Patients were separated into two groups based on PCT levels: those with levels ≤0.12 ng/mL and >0.12 ng/mL. All patients provided a blood sample for NLR, WBC, TNF-α, and PCT testing. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for statistical analysis of two unpaired groups, and the Chi-square or Fisher exact test was utilized for ordinal categorical data. If the value of P<0.05, the result is statistically significant.Results: NLR and TNF-α levels were higher in the PCT group >0.12 ng/mL and statistically significant with a value of P=0.001. WBC levels in the PCT group >0.12 ng/mL were higher, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.096).Conclusion: The NLR value, WBC, and TNF-α levels were found to be higher in the group with PCT >0.12 ng/mL. 

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