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Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 2621539x     EISSN : 26215470     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan is an official publication of Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan is a third-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic.
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LED Phototherapy Blankets—Bridging the Neonatal Jaundice Care Gap with Family-Centered Innovation Fadilah, Tubagus Ferdi
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Abstract

Editorial: LED Phototherapy Blankets—Bridging the Neonatal Jaundice Care Gap with Family-Centered Innovation Tubagus Ferdi Fadilah Department of Pediatri, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti Neonatal jaundice is the most common clinical condition affecting newborns worldwide, with 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants developing jaundice in the first week of life.(1,2) For over 50 years, conventional phototherapy has been the gold standard for preventing kernicterus—a form of permanent brain damage from severe hyperbilirubinemia.(3, 4) However, from a public health perspective, its care model presents significant challenges. The reliance on hospital facilities, high costs, and the separation of mother and infant create access gaps and psychosocial impacts that can no longer be overlooked, especially in developing nations like Indonesia.(5) Traditional phototherapy methodologies, characterized by substantial, immobile illumination apparatus, inherently engender a treatment paradigm oriented around technological infrastructure rather than patient-centered care. Neonates undergoing such therapy are necessarily confined within incubation units, frequently resulting in maternal-infant separation during the critical initial postpartum period. The ramifications of this separation transcend mere logistical inconvenience; such practices significantly disrupt the essential maternal-neonatal attachment process, impede the establishment of successful lactation, and precipitate elevated levels of parental psychological distress.(1) From a healthcare systems perspective, this treatment modality imposes considerable burden upon tertiary care facilities and generates pronounced disparities in therapeutic access, whereby geographical location and socioeconomic status become determinative factors in the availability of potentially lifepreserving medical intervention. Technological innovation in the form of Light Emitting Diode (LED) phototherapy blankets offers more than just a technical upgrade; it offers a paradigm shift.(6) By integrating an effective blue-green light source into a flexible, portable blanket, therapy can be administered while the infant remains in its mother's arms.(7) This fundamental change transforms the care model into one that is family-centered—a practice globally recognized as a best practice in neonatal care. The public health advantages of phototherapy blankets are compelling: 1. Decentralized Care and Equitable Access: Their portability and lower operational cost allow these devices to be deployed in primary healthcare settings, such as community health centers (Puskesmas) in remote areas. This drastically reduces the time-totreatment, curtails unnecessary hospital referrals, and provides equitable access for rural infants who previously faced higher risks. Local innovations like the BLUI (Blue Light Universitas Indonesia) Blanket, which has undergone advanced development to ensure it meets thermal safety standards,(8) amplify this potential. 2. Supporting Mother-Infant Bonding and Breastfeeding: By enabling skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding without interrupting treatment, phototherapy blankets actively support the foundations of long-term infant health. Effective breastfeeding is not only crucial for nutrition but also helps reduce bilirubin levels by promoting gut motility. 3. Health System Efficiency: In many countries, phototherapy blankets have paved the way for home-based phototherapy programs for uncomplicated cases. This model has been proven to significantly reduce inpatient costs, lower the risk of nosocomial infections, and free up hospital capacity for critically ill neonates. The successful implementation of this technology necessitates standardization of devices and establishment of comprehensive clinical guidelines. Evidence from existing clinical research substantiates the efficacy of these devices. A preliminary clinical investigation regarding the BLUI Blanket demonstrated significant reduction in bilirubin levels among patients with neonatal jaundice, thereby validating its application as a viable therapeutic intervention.(9) This evidence, in conjunction with technical advancements in thermal regulation mechanisms,(8) provides substantial justification for the adoption of this technology as a safe and effective first-line therapeutic modality. In conclusion, the LED phototherapy blanket represents not merely an alternative treatment modality, but rather constitutes a transformative innovation in neonatal care.(6) This technology serves as a critical nexus between clinical efficacy and familial integrity, facilitating not only the therapeutic management of hyperbilirubinemia but doing so in a manner that preserves the parent-child bond, enhances parental autonomy in care provision, and systematically addresses disparities in healthcare accessibility for neonates irrespective of geographical constraints. It is imperative that policy architects, healthcare institutions, and technological innovators expedite the integration of this therapeutic approach into standard clinical practice to ensure optimal health outcomes for future generations.
Physical Activity and Severity of PCOS Based on Ferriman–Gallwey Score in Ambon City, 2025 Resnawaldi, Arlen; Taribuka, Angel Noventia
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder commonly found among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. One of its primary clinical manifestations is hirsutism, which is assessed using the Ferriman–Gallwey Score. Physical activity plays an important role in managing insulin resistance and androgen levels; however, no specific data are available regarding the relationship between physical activity and the severity of PCOS in Ambon City. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the severity of PCOS based on the Ferriman–Gallwey Score in Ambon City in 2025. Methods This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 60 reproductive-aged women with PCOS recruited using consecutive sampling. Physical activity was measured using the IPAQ questionnaire and categorized into light, moderate, and vigorous activity. PCOS severity was assessed using the Ferriman–Gallwey Score. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results Most respondents were 19–30 years old (70%) and worked as housewives (23.3%). The most common level of physical activity was light (53.3%), and the majority of respondents had mild PCOS (60%). A pattern was observed in which vigorous physical activity was associated with more severe PCOS. Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant association between physical activity and PCOS severity (p < 0.001). Conclusions Physical activity was significantly associated with PCOS severity, with low activity linked to mild PCOS and vigorous activity predominantly linked to severe cases.
Analisis Laju Pernapasan, Gambaran Makroskopis dan Mikroskopis Paru-paru Tikus Wistar yang Diberi Dosis Bertingkat Inhalasi Formalin Hilkia, Justin
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Introduction: Formaldehyde is a colorless organic compound with a pungent odor and is one of the most common indoor air pollutants. Exposure to formaldehyde gas can cause various respiratory issues and can lead to serious health problems. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of formalin inhalation on respiratory rate, as well as the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the lungs in Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study used 24 Wistar rats divided into one control group and three experimental groups, each exposed to different concentrations of formalin vapor for 8 hours per day over a 30-day period. Respiratory rate was analyzed using the chi-square test, while lung weight was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Although formalin inhalation had no significant effect on the respiratory rate of rats, morphological changes were observed in the lungs, including congestion, hyperemia, and an increase in lung weight and size. Histological examination revealed thickening of the alveolar walls, atelectasis, enlargement of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), as well as fibrosis and necrosis in lung tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that formalin inhalation caused significant lung tissue damage through inflammatory processes that ultimately led to lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
Pengaruh Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) Terhadap Fungsi Kognitif Tikus Wistar yang Diberikan Paparan Cahaya Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Nahan, Elmo; Farah Fauziyah Radhiyatulqalbi Ahmad; Surbakti, Ranintha Br.; Margaretha Yayu Indah Anugerahny; Dian Mutiasari
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Background Sleep disturbances due to circadian rhythm disruption, including night time exposure to Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light, have been associated with cognitive decline. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) is known to improve cognitive function through various neuroplastic mechanisms. However, evidence regarding its protective effects of MICT against LED-induced cognitive impairment remains limited. Methods This study used a true experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 24 male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old, 150-200 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, LED (24-hour/day LED exposure), MICT (moderate-intensity swimming 5 times/week), and MICT+LED for 4 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the Y-Maze spontaneous alternation test before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Paired T-Test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Repeated Measures ANOVA with p<0.05. Results The LED group showed a decrease in cognitive function from 43.50 to 40.00 (p=0.102), while the MICT group exhibited a significant increase from 18.75 to 31.25 (p=0.027). The MICT+LED group experienced an increase from 29.00 to 35.00 (p=o.385). Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant differences between groups (p=0.071), while Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated a significant effect of time on cognitive changes (p<0.001). Conclusions LED exposure tends to impair cognitive function, although not significantly. MICT enhanced cognitive function and showed potential as a protective intervention against LED-induced cognitive decline.Keywords: Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training; Light-Emitting Diode; cognitive function; Wistar rats; circadian rhythm.
Hubungan antara Tingkat Stres Akaedmik dengan Derajat Keparahan Acne Vulgaris pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Ganeshty, Naura Hisanah
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often occurs in adolescents and youngadults and is thought to be influenced by academic stress, especially in medical students. This study aims to determine the relationship between academic stress levels and the severity of Acne vulgaris in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Palembang. The study used a cross-sectional design through total sampling. The level of academic stress was measured using the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (PASS) questionnaire and the severity of Acne vulgaris was assessed based on the Lehmann classification. Data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test (α = 0.05). The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced moderate academic stress (64.2%) and severe Acne vulgaris (51.4%). Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between academic stress and the severity of Acne vulgaris (p = 0.392).
Respon Apoptotik Dan Modulasi Ekspresi Gen BCL-2/p53 Pada Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7 YANG Diinduksi Limfosit T CD8+ Autolog: Studi Ekspremental In Vitro Qurratu Aini, Prisilia
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Objective: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women in Indonesia, with 66,271 new cases annually and 70.9% diagnosed at advanced stages. The limitations of conventional therapies have driven the exploration of T cell-based immunotherapy as a promising alternative modality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endogenous cytotoxic T cells from breast cancer patients in inducing MCF-7 cell line death in vitro without genetic or pharmacological modification. Methods: This quantitative analytical experimental study was conducted in vitro. Cytotoxic T cells were isolated from breast cancer patient PBMCs, activated with anti-CD3, and co-cultured with MCF-7 cells for 72 hours at Effector:Target ratios of 10:1, 20:1, and 50:1. Evaluation was performed using inverted microscopy (morphology), Annexin V-PI flow cytometry (viability/apoptosis), and qRT-PCR (BCL-2 and p53 expression). Statistical analysis employed ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: T cell characterization showed CD3+/CD8+ population increase from 5.26% to >94% and NKG2D+ >98% post-activation. At 10:1 and 20:1 ratios, viability decreased minimally (86-87%) with apoptosis dominance (apoptosis:necrosis ratio 2.5:1). At 50:1 ratio, viability decreased dramatically (38.24%) but was dominated by necrosis (50%). BCL-2 expression decreased significantly across all treatments (p<0.0001): 56% (10:1), 51% (20:1), 20% (50:1). p53 expression showed massive downregulation of 96-99% across all ratios (p<0.0001), indicating a p53-independent cytotoxic mechanism. Conclusion: Endogenous cytotoxic T cells effectively induced MCF-7 cell death. Ratios of 10:1 and 20:1 produced programmed apoptosis with limited cytotoxicity, while 50:1 ratio achieved high killing efficacy but was dominated by non-specific necrosis. Exploration of intermediate ratios (30:1-40:1) is recommended for optimization. References : 56 (2015 – 2025)
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN PABEYAN VILLAGE, INDRAMAYU DISTRICT Hadiwiardjo, Yanti Harjono
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Background: Malnutrition is often referred to as a "silent emergency" by UNICEF. Globally, women and children are particularly vulnerable to health problems related to malnutrition. In Indramayu, the prevalence of stunting was reported at 14.72% in the 2021 Indonesia Nutrition Status Study, indicating a potential rise in malnutrition cases. Risk factors for stunting in developing countries include low birth weight, low maternal education, rural residence, short birth length, lack of antenatal care (ANC), incomplete vaccinations, and absence of exclusive breastfeeding, based on existing literature. Purpose: This study aims to identify the determinants and consequences of malnutrition, specifically stunting, in Indramayu District. Method: an exploratory or survey-based cross-sectional observational descriptive study was employed in this study. Results: There was no significant correlation between stunting and variables such as gender, child’s age, maternal education, family income, or history of preterm birth (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the lack of significant associations with the studied variables, stunting remains a public health concern in Indramayu. Further research is needed to explore other potential risk factors, such as nutritional practices, environmental influences, and access to health services.
ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING ACUTE STROKE AND THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT CLINIC IN HERMINA HOSPITAL MEDAN Salim, Stephanie; Tambunan, Kezia Sandria Lovely; Mariska
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Background Stroke is the second leading cause of premature death globally, claiming approximately 7 million lives each year and Indonesia facing a high prevalence of 10.9 cases per 1,000,000 people. Although up to 90.5% of strokes are preventable through lifestyle changes, awareness and treatment rates remain low. Fewer than 10% of stroke patients in Asia receive thrombolytic therapy, with even lower utilization in Indonesia due to knowledge gaps and misconceptions regarding symptoms and treatment. ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the community's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding risk factors, signs, symptoms, initial management, and public understanding about thrombolysis for acute stroke patients. MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Hermina Hospital Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected from November 2024 to February 2025 using questionnaires with a sample of 129 respondents. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests were used to examine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices based on sociodemographic characteristics, while Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess their relationships with acute stroke. ResultsNearly half of the participants demonstrated adequate knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors. However, only 17.8% of participants were aware of thrombolytic treatment. Educational level influenced KAP with higher education associated with better knowledge. Nevertheless, misconceptions regarding stroke prognosis and treatment persisted and many respondents prioritized traditional remedies over medical care. While weakness was recognized as a common stroke symptom, awareness of mental health complications such as depression was low. Overall, although attitudes toward prevention and seeking emergency care were positive, actual practices were inadequate. ConclusionsRespondents demonstrated moderate knowledge of stroke, but there is a significant gap between their awareness and actual behaviors. Targeted campaigns are needed to enhance community education and improve stroke prevention and management. Keywords: Acute Stroke; Attitude; Knowledge; Practice
ASSOCIATION OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS INFECTION WITH SPONTANEOUS PRETERM LABOUR IN A TERTIARY MATERNITY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA Ugwu, Aloy Okechukwu
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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BACKGROUND: Trichomonas Vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan causing trichomoniasis, is implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly preterm labour (PTL). Trichomoniasis affects millions globally, with pregnant women at heightened susceptibility. Research suggests a potential link between T. vaginalis infections and PTL, attributed to inflammatory responses triggering uterine contractions and cervical changes. Understanding this association is vital for prenatal care and preventive interventions. The study aims was to examine the association between T. vaginalis infection and preterm labour among pregnant women in Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with 260 women who experienced preterm labour (cases) and 260 who had term labour (controls). Vaginal secretions were collected using sterile swab sticks from the posterior, lateral, and anterior regions of the vagina and promptly transported to the laboratory in a reverse cold chain. Microscopy, culture, and sensitivity tests were performed on the specimens by the pathologist. The data obtained were analysed utilizing SPSS version 29. Association between T. vaginalis and preterm labour was assessed using Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to identify confounding factors. The p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULT: The mean age of women with preterm and term birth were 30.1±5.3 and 28.9±6.2 respectively, (p value = 0.625). There were more women aged 35 years and above in preterm (7.8%) than term group (0.8%). The prevalence of T. vaginalis among women with preterm labour was 16.9% while in women with term birth, it was 10.2%. The odds of preterm labour increased by 78.6% in those with T. vaginalis as compared to those without T. vaginalis infection (odds ratio = 1.786). There was a significant association between preterm labour and T. vaginalis infection (p value = 0.028). After adjusting for confounding variables such as ethnicity, religion, occupation, parity, age at coitarche, history of preterm labour and inter-pregnancy in a binary logistic regression model, T. vaginalis infection was not significantly associated with preterm labour (Odds ratio = 1.345, 95% CI of 0.721- 2.509, p value = 0.351). The odds for preterm labour increased by 391% in women with history of preterm labour (adjusted Odds ratio = 4.910, 95% CI of 2.119- 11.379, p value < 0.001) compare to those without history of preterm labour. Other confounding variable that influenced preterm delivery was age at coitarche. CONCLUSION: The odds of preterm labour was higher in women with T. vaginalis than those without T. vaginalis infection. However, T. vaginalis infection was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounding variables. A prior history of preterm labour was the strongest predictor of subsequent preterm labour. Due to the multifactorial nature of preterm labour, there is need for comprehensive risk assessment of preterm labour during antenatal care.
Diagnostic Role of the Stiff Rim Sign in Shear Wave Elastography For Guiding Biopsy Recommendation for BI-RADS 3 and 4 Breast Lesions: A Systematic Review Astien, Astien; Al Azizah, Fauziyyah Nuur; Ranika, Meita
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Breast ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate breast lesions, but distinguishing benign from malignant masses remains challenging, particularly in BI-RADS category 3 and 4 lesions. Shear wave elastography measures tissue stiffness and may improve diagnostic accuracy. One important feature is the stiff rim sign, which indicates increased stiffness around a lesion. This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic role of the stiff rim sign in breast lesions. A literature search was conducted for studies assessing shear wave elastography in ultrasound-detected breast lesions. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The results consistently showed that the stiff rim sign had moderate to high accuracy in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. Peri-lesional stiffness was strongly associated with malignant pathology and improved diagnostic performance when combined with conventional ultrasound. Overall, the stiff rim sign may help improve risk assessment and support biopsy decision-making in BI-RADS 3 and 4 breast lesions. Keywords: stiff rim sign; shear wave elastography; breast lesion; BI-RADS; breast cancer diagnosis; biopsy.

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