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JURNAL ILMIAH ADVOKASI
Published by Universitas Labuhanbatu
ISSN : 23377216     EISSN : 26206625     DOI : 10.36987/jiad
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Ilmiah ADVOKASI adalah jurnal yang dikelola oleh Fakultas Hukum Universitas Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah ADVOKASI menerima artikel ilmiah dari hasil penelitian, diterbitkan 2 nomor dalam satu volume setiap bulan pada bulan Maret dan September. Jurnal ini fokus mempublikasi hasil penelitian orisinal yang belum diterbitkan di manapun pada bidang Ilmu Hukum dan aplikasi ilmu Hukum dan Perundang-undangan.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 437 Documents
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OPTIMIZING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION FUNCTIONS IN HANDLING MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: EVIDENCE FROM THE SEBERANG ULU I POLICE SECTOR, PALEMBANG Yuardi Rahmad; Saipuddin Zahri; Ismail Pettanase
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9079

Abstract

Motor vehicle theft remains a recurring law-enforcement challenge, yet empirical studies examining investigative effectiveness at the sector-police level and the structural constraints that shape investigative performance remain limited. This study examines the function of the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Seberang Ulu I Police Sector in handling motor vehicle theft and identifies the institutional and community-level factors that constrain investigative effectiveness. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through field observation of police activities, while secondary data consisted of police reports concerning motor vehicle theft during April–May 2024, institutional documentation, and relevant legal and academic literature. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically by identifying recurring patterns in investigative capacity, organizational resources, legal constraints, and police–community relations. The findings indicate that investigative effectiveness is shaped by the interaction between internal organizational capacity and external environmental conditions. Internally, limited investigative personnel, constrained operational funding, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and reported pressure on investigators reduce the capacity of the Criminal Investigation Unit to conduct timely and comprehensive investigations. Externally, unclear or fragmented legal provisions, low public legal awareness, limited community legal education, geographical conditions, and challenges associated with the application of regulations concerning minor offences complicate case detection, evidence gathering, and follow-up investigations. These findings demonstrate that investigative effectiveness cannot be assessed solely from the ability to arrest suspects, but must also be understood through institutional capacity, investigative effort, crime-prevention practices, and police–community cooperation. This finding is consistent with evidence-based policing research emphasizing organizational policies, investigative effort, technology, patrol activity, and community involvement as relevant factors in investigative outcomes (Prince, Lum, and Koper 2021). The study concludes that strengthening motor vehicle theft enforcement requires an integrated strategy combining investigative capacity, preventive policing, community participation, adequate operational resources, and professional accountability. At the sector-police level, strengthening investigator capacity and improving coordination with communities and relevant institutions are particularly important for improving the effectiveness and legitimacy of criminal justice responses.Keywords: Law Enforcement; Criminal Investigation; Motor Vehicle Theft; Police Investigative Capacity; Criminal Justice System
BATASAN PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENANGANAN TINDAK ILLEGAL ELECTRIC FISHING: STUDI PADA KEPOLISIAN SEKTOR MUARA MUNTAI Siti Kotijah; Poppilea Erwinta; Yennita Astarina; Ine Ventyrina; Nor Aprilia
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9218

Abstract

Law enforcement against fish electrocution offenses is crucial due to its direct impact on aquatic ecosystem degradation and the sustainability of fishery resources. This study aims to assess the feasibility and limitations of applying restorative justice in handling such cases in Pulau Harapan Village, Muara Muntai District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The research employs a socio-legal approach, combining normative legal analysis with empirical data obtained through interviews with law enforcement officers. The findings indicate that the application of restorative justice through mediation and social agreements is effective in resolving conflicts quickly; however, it does not fully comply with the procedural requirements of criminal procedural law. This condition reveals a gap between practice and the existing normative framework, which may lead to legal uncertainty and weaken the protection of public and environmental interests. This study concludes that restorative justice in fish electrocution cases is only conditionally appropriate and should be applied in a limited manner, provided that legal procedures are fulfilled and environmental impacts are not significant. The contribution of this research lies in clarifying the juridical boundaries and identifying potential legal risks in the application of restorative justice, thereby providing a basis for strengthening more accountable and sustainable law enforcement policies.Keywords: fish electrofishing; law enforcement; restorative justice; fishery resources
ANALISIS ASAS FIRST TO FILE TERHADAP PENDAFTARAN MEREK M6 PRODUK KENDARAAN BMW DAN BYD DI INDONESIA Muhammad Raihan Himawan; Teddy Prima Anggriawan
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9270

Abstract

Trademark disputes are a natural consequence in commercial practice when similarities or identical signs arise that may infringe upon the exclusive rights of registered trademark holders. Based on Decision No. 19/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2025/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst, the Plaintiff held exclusive rights over the “M6” trademark, duly registered since 2017. The application of the first to file principle, as stipulated in Article 1(5) and Article 83 of Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications, provides legal certainty for registered trademark owners by affirming that the party who first registers a trademark obtains full protection from the state, thereby rendering any subsequent unauthorized use of similar signs as a legal infringement. In the case of BYD M6, although its registration was still under examination by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP), the dominant element “M6” was identical to the Plaintiff’s registered mark, and thus the Defendant’s act of distributing products under the “M6” designation potentially infringed upon the Plaintiff’s exclusive rights. BYD’s distribution of goods bearing the “M6” mark prior to obtaining legal recognition from DGIP raises serious concerns regarding the implementation of the first to file principle. The court, however, rejected the claim on the procedural ground of Plurium Litis Consortium (lack of parties), despite the substantive relevance of the first to file doctrine as the primary basis for trademark protection. This outcome highlights the tension between procedural doctrines and substantive protection of exclusive rights, which risks undermining legal certainty and the effectiveness of the first to file principle in Indonesian trademark adjudication, thereby underscoring the need for a more progressive interpretation to ensure that substantive rights are not diminished by procedural barriers and that full protection is consistently afforded to legitimate trademark owners.Keywords: First to File Principle, Well-Known Trademark, Trademark Dispute, BMW, BYD
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBUKTIAN KERUGIAN EKOLOGIS DALAM PERADILAN PIDANA: ANALISIS POSITIVISME, REALISME, DAN CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES Dicky Martin Saputra
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9228

Abstract

Proving ecological damage in environmental criminal trials is not merely a procedural issue, but rather reflects a profound philosophical contestation regarding the nature of law itself. This article examines the problematic of proving environmental crimes in Indonesia through three main legal philosophical lenses: Legal Positivism (Austin and Kelsen), Legal Realism, and Critical Legal Studies (CLS). Using normative legal research methods enriched by statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper demonstrates that structural weaknesses in proving ecological crimes are not merely the result of technical regulatory deficiencies, but rather reflect tensions between the philosophical structures of law that have characterized the Indonesian criminal justice system. Legal Positivism, the foundation of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), now updated through Law Number 20 of 2025, creates epistemological limitations in accommodating probabilistic scientific truth. Legal Realism exposes actual judicial practice, where judges' decisions are more influenced by the hegemony of paid corporate experts than by the textual norms of the law. Critical Legal Studies uncovers the ideological dimension of criminal procedural law's inability to uphold ecological justice, which is essentially a structural protection for capital interests. The reform agenda formulated in this article rests on a philosophical reconstruction of evidentiary law that moves beyond positivistic formalism to environmentally conscious substantive justice.Keywords: Ecological Proof; Criminal Procedural Law; Legal Positivism; Legal Realism; Critical Legal Studies
KESENJANGAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PIDANA INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN HUKUM PROGRESIF Rengganis Rahma Esa Wahyuningrum
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9200

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for children in conflict with the law within the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and evaluates its effectiveness through a progressive law perspective. This is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzed in a prescriptive-argumentative manner. The novelty of this study lies in using progressive law not merely to confirm the existence of child protection norms, but to test the gap between legal regulation and actual protection in practice. The findings show that the Juvenile Criminal Justice System provides diversion, restorative justice, and limits on detention, yet implementation remains weak from the investigation stage to post-adjudication rehabilitation. Diversion is not consistently applied, children are still placed with adult detainees, prison overcrowding increases children’s vulnerability, and the recovery of children’s rights remains far from optimal. These findings indicate that legal protection for children is still ineffective as long as law enforcement remains formalistic and has not fully prioritized the best interests of the child. Keywords: child protection, progressive law, Juvenile Criminal Justice System
KONSINYASI TANAH DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM: ANALISIS PRAKTIK PERADILAN DI PENGADILAN NEGERI GRESIK Margareth Manullang; Aldira Mara Ditta Caesar Purwanto
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9074

Abstract

Land acquisition for public-interest development requires a legal mechanism capable of balancing the need to accelerate infrastructure development with the protection of landowners’ rights. One of the mechanisms provided by Indonesian law is consignment, namely the deposit of compensation with the District Court when compensation cannot be directly delivered to the entitled party because of refusal, uncertainty regarding the entitled party’s whereabouts, or other legally recognized circumstances. This study aims to analyze the implementation of land consignment at the Gresik District Court from the perspective of the public-interest principle, with particular attention to legal certainty, protection of landowners’ rights, judicial procedures, and practical obstacles. The study employs empirical juridical research using structural and socio-legal approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews and observations involving judges, court clerks, and bailiffs at the Gresik District Court, while secondary data consisted of legislation, court decisions, legal literature, and relevant academic publications. The findings indicate that consignment procedures at the Gresik District Court have generally been implemented through registration, administrative verification, payment of the consignment amount, judicial examination, notification or offer of compensation, and judicial determination. Data from 2021–2025 show that consignment applications were associated with major public-interest infrastructure projects, particularly the Krian–Legundi–Bunder–Manyar Toll Road and flood-control infrastructure. However, implementation remains constrained by limited access to consignment information, unresolved ownership disputes, difficulties in identifying or locating entitled parties, and uncertainty concerning the period for depositing and withdrawing compensation. The study concludes that consignment can function as an instrument for balancing development interests and landowners’ rights only when procedural legality is accompanied by meaningful protection, transparency, and effective judicial supervision.Keywords: Land Consignment; Land Acquisition; Public Interest; Judicial Practice; Legal Certainty; Landowners’ Rights.
EVALUASI RELAPSE PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA REMAJA PASCAREHABILITASI BERDASARKAN PERATURAN BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2022 (Studi Kasus Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten Karawang) Riri Aprilia; Sartika Dewi; Muhamad Abas
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9333

Abstract

Adolescent drug abuse relapse following rehabilitation remains a significant legal and social challenge in Indonesia. This study evaluates the implementation of National Narcotics Agency (BNN) Regulation No. 6 of 2022 on Ongoing Rehabilitation and examines the factors contributing to relapse among adolescents post-rehabilitation at the National Narcotics Agency of Karawang Regency. An empirical legal method with descriptive-analytical specification was employed, combining a socio-legal approach, statute approach, and conceptual approach. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with rehabilitation officers and relapse clients, while secondary data were drawn from relevant legislation and academic literature. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The findings indicate that ongoing rehabilitation encompasses medical, social, and post-rehabilitation services aimed at preventing relapse; however, its implementation at the district level remains suboptimal. Relapse is predominantly influenced by internal factors including suggestion, stress, and boredom and external factors such as peer pressure, lack of family support, social stigma, and inadequate post-rehabilitation monitoring. These results underscore the need to strengthen community-based rehabilitation, improve monitoring mechanisms, and enhance family and social reintegration programs as policy implications.Keywords: adolescent; drug abuse; ongoing rehabilitation; post-rehabilitation; relapse.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM JUAL BELI LAHAN PLASMA TANPA AKTA PPAT: ANALISIS KEPASTIAN HUKUM Frengky Ternado; Abdul Latif Mahfuz; Helwan Kasra
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9105

Abstract

The sale and purchase of plasma land without a deed executed by a Land Deed Official (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT) creates a legal problem because contract law recognizes the contractual relationship between the parties, while agrarian law requires specific formalities for the registration of land-right transfers. The problem becomes more complex in plasma arrangements involving smallholders and plantation companies because a buyer may obtain factual possession based on a private agreement while the juridical status of the land remains registered in the name of the previous rights holder. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of plasma land sales without a PPAT deed and examine the legal certainty problems arising from the distinction between obligatoir relationships and formal requirements for land-right transfers. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials are analyzed through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation by examining the relationship among the Indonesian Civil Code, the Basic Agrarian Law, and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997. The findings demonstrate that a private land sale agreement may establish an obligatoir legal relationship when the requirements for a valid contract are satisfied, but it does not automatically establish a registrable land right. This condition reflects a tension between the principle of consensualism in civil law and the administrative formalities required by agrarian law. In the context of plasma land, such tension may weaken the legal position of buyers or plasma smallholders when disputes arise with sellers, heirs, third parties, or partner companies. The novelty of this study lies in integrating contractual validity, land-registration formalities, and the legal position of parties within plasma land transactions. The study argues that legal certainty cannot be achieved merely through recognition of contractual validity but requires continuity between the agreement, PPAT deed, and land registration to provide effective protection for the parties and third parties.Keywords: land sale; plasma land; PPAT deed; legal certainty; land registration
POLITIK HUKUM PENGATURAN UPAH MINIMUM DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA: RELASI SISTEM POLITIK DAN KARAKTER PRODUK HUKUM Ayu Anggraeny
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9308

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between political configuration and the character of legal products in minimum wage regulation under the Job Creation Law. It aims to analyze the relationship between the political system and the character of legal products, as well as the direction of legal policy governing minimum wages under the Job Creation Law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, historical, and legal policy approaches. The findings indicate that minimum wage regulation under the Job Creation Law tends to exhibit an orthodox, centralized, and pro-investment character, reflected in the strengthened authority of the central government, reduced regional policy space, and greater wage-setting flexibility for micro and small enterprises. The legal policy prioritizes business certainty and economic competitiveness over substantive worker protection. These findings highlight the need to harmonize wage policies with social justice and the principles of Pancasila economic democracy.Keywords: Legal Policy; Character of Legal Products; Minimum Wage; Job Creation Law
PEMBARUAN KUHP DALAM MENGATASI INTOLERANSI DAN KEKERASAN BERBASIS AGAMA DI INDONESIA Wawan Ade Hendrawan
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i3.9201

Abstract

The diversity of religions and beliefs in Indonesia requires criminal law regulation that protects religious freedom while preventing intolerance and religion-based violence. This study aims to analyze the influence of religious and belief diversity on the application of religious criminal law in the Indonesian Criminal Code and to examine the prohibition of intolerance and religion-based violence as a principle for protecting diversity and preventing social conflict. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches, with qualitative analysis through legal interpretation and legal reasoning. The findings show that the new Criminal Code has expanded protection for religion, belief, and religious life, but still presents normative problems concerning the conceptual boundaries of religion, belief, hostility, hatred, and incitement. These conditions may lead to broad interpretation, legal uncertainty, and unequal protection between majority and minority groups.Keywords: religious diversity; intolerance; new Criminal Code

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