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JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Published by Universitas Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26214105     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v2i2.2266
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Journal USM LAW REVIEW (JULR) is an academic journal for Legal Studies published by Master of Law, Semarang University. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions over current developments on legal issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian laws and legal system. The focus and scope of this journal are legal problems in the fields of Criminal Law; Civil Law; Constitutional Law; International Law; Administrative Law; Islamic Law; Business Law; Medical Law; Environmental Law; Adat Law; Agrarian Law; Legal Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 682 Documents
 57   58   59   60   61 
Kewenangan Hukum Pemadam Kebakaran dalam Penanganan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Separen Separen; Riyanda Elsera Yozani; Ilham Azhari; Ali Asfar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14242

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal authority of the Fire and Rescue Service (Damkar) in managing forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Lingga Regency and examines intergovernmental coordination in its implementation. The study is significant due to the increasing incidence of Karhutla and the lack of explicit legal provisions defining Damkar’s authority within the forest and land fire governance framework. Employing an empirical legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and literature review, and analyzed using administrative law and governmental authority perspectives. The findings reveal that Damkar’s involvement in Karhutla management is conducted through cross-sectoral coordination involving BPBD, TNI, Polri, subdistrict administrations, and village governments. Juridically, Damkar’s authority does not originate from a specific delegation of power but from institutional attribution and administrative mandates attached to local government functions in public protection and basic services. The novelty of this study lies in reconceptualizing Damkar as an administrative instrument of local government in ecological disaster governance rather than merely a firefighting institution. This study contributes to administrative law scholarship by clarifying the relationship between attributed authority, administrative mandates, and inter-agency coordination in disaster management, while offering a governance model that strengthens legal certainty, institutional accountability, and the effectiveness of forest and land fire management through regulatory harmonization, integrated operational standards, and collaborative governance mechanisms.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kewenangan hukum Pemadam Kebakaran (Damkar) dalam penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan (Karhutla) di Kabupaten Lingga serta mengkaji koordinasi antarorgan pemerintahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Urgensi penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya kejadian Karhutla dan belum adanya pengaturan yang secara tegas mengatur kewenangan Damkar dalam sistem tata kelola penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui wawancara, studi dokumen, dan studi kepustakaan yang dianalisis menggunakan perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara dan teori kewenangan pemerintahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan Damkar dalam penanganan Karhutla dilaksanakan melalui koordinasi lintas sektor bersama BPBD, TNI, Polri, pemerintah kecamatan, dan pemerintah desa. Secara yuridis, kewenangan Damkar tidak bersumber dari delegasi kewenangan khusus, melainkan berasal dari atribusi kelembagaan dan mandat administratif yang melekat pada fungsi pemerintah daerah di bidang perlindungan masyarakat dan pelayanan dasar. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada rekonstruksi konsep Damkar sebagai instrumen administratif pemerintah daerah dalam tata kelola bencana ekologis, bukan sekadar institusi pemadam kebakaran. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan Hukum Administrasi Negara melalui penegasan hubungan antara atribusi kewenangan, mandat administratif, dan koordinasi antarlembaga dalam penanganan bencana, sekaligus menawarkan model tata kelola kolaboratif yang memperkuat kepastian hukum, akuntabilitas kelembagaan, dan efektivitas penanganan Karhutla melalui harmonisasi regulasi, standar operasional terpadu, dan sinergi antarlembaga.
Konstruksi Hubungan Hukum dalam Kontrak Elektronik Ojek Online dan Perlindungan Konsumen Ferdinand Polopadang; Wilma Silalahi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14255

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal relationship construction in online motorcycle taxi electronic contracts and the conformity of liability limitation clauses with Consumer Protection Law. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The findings reveal that electronic contracts in online transportation platforms formally fulfill the validity requirements of agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code and are recognized under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. However, liability limitation clauses in standard contracts tend to transfer risks to consumers and driver-partners. Such clauses contradict Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law because they limit business liability and reduce consumers’ rights to compensation. The study further finds that digital platforms cannot merely be regarded as intermediaries, as they exercise substantial control over transactions, pricing systems, payment mechanisms, and dispute resolution. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the tripartite legal relationship between platforms, driver-partners, and consumers through a function-based and control-based approach in attributing legal responsibility. The study emphasizes the importance of fair consumer protection within the digital ecosystem.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hubungan hukum dalam kontrak elektronik layanan ojek online serta kesesuaian klausula pembatasan tanggung jawab dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrak elektronik pada platform ojek online secara formal memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian berdasarkan KUHPerdata dan diakui melalui UU ITE. Namun, praktik klausula pembatasan tanggung jawab dalam kontrak baku cenderung mengalihkan risiko kepada konsumen dan mitra pengemudi. Klausula tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen karena membatasi tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dan mengurangi hak konsumen memperoleh ganti rugi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa platform digital tidak dapat diposisikan hanya sebagai perantara, karena memiliki kontrol nyata terhadap transaksi, penentuan tarif, pembayaran, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis hubungan hukum tripartit antara platform, mitra pengemudi, dan konsumen dengan pendekatan berbasis fungsi dan tingkat kontrol dalam distribusi tanggung jawab hukum. Penelitian menegaskan pentingnya perlindungan konsumen yang berkeadilan dalam ekosistem digital.      
Substantive Transparency of Judicial Review Decisions in Digital Constitutional Platforms Sidi Ahyar Wiraguna; Hayattun Nufus; Fina Faiqotul Azizah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14264

Abstract

This study examines the substantive transparency of judicial review decisions on the Constitutional Court’s digital platform within the framework of good constitutional governance. The research addresses a critical gap in existing scholarship and regulatory practice, which predominantly emphasize administrative transparency and procedural digitalization while neglecting the accessibility and comprehensibility of constitutional legal reasoning (ratio decidendi). Using a normative-policy approach, the study combines regulatory analysis of Constitutional Court Regulation No. 8 of 2019 and No. 10 of 2023, doctrinal examination of selected constitutional review decisions, and conceptual analysis grounded in legal informatics and open justice principles. The findings demonstrate that the current digital platform primarily functions as an administrative repository and fails to ensure substantive transparency due to the absence of structured reasoning disclosure, semantic information architecture, standardized explanatory formats, and cognitively accessible legal communication. Consequently, digital transparency remains formally compliant yet substantively limited in promoting constitutional accountability and democratic participation. The novelty of this research lies in the development of an integrative analytical framework connecting jurisprudential theory, legal informatics, and constitutional governance through the dimensions of clarity, structure, consistency, and accessibility as indicators of substantive judicial transparency. This study contributes theoretically by redefining digital judicial platforms as normative instruments of democratic constitutional accountability and practically by proposing governance-oriented standards for ratio decidendi disclosure, semantic tagging, user-centered platform design, and participatory transparency mechanisms in constitutional adjudication.
Kedudukan Royalti Hak Cipta sebagai Harta Bersama Pasca Perceraian Denise Aulia Kesuma Lubis; Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14265

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal status of song copyright royalties as joint marital property after divorce and their legal implications within the Indonesian legal system. The urgency of this research stems from the existing regulatory vacuum regarding the status and distribution mechanism of copyright royalties generated during marriage, which has created legal uncertainty and increased the potential for prolonged property disputes. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of legal materials obtained through library research. The findings reveal that copyright royalties generated and economically exploited during marriage may be classified as joint marital property because they constitute economic rights with proprietary value, despite the sui generis nature of copyright that remains inherently attached to the creator. The West Jakarta Religious Court Decision Number 1622/Pdt.G/2023/PA.JB reinforces the legal construction that royalties may be divided as joint property without diminishing the creator’s moral rights. The novelty of this study lies in the development of the concept of sustainable economic assets, which reconceptualizes copyright royalties as intangible assets that continuously generate economic benefits and remain divisible after divorce. The study contributes to the expansion of the doctrine of marital property in Indonesian family law by incorporating intellectual property-derived income into the category of joint assets and provides a conceptual framework for future regulations governing post-divorce royalty distribution.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum royalti hak cipta lagu sebagai harta bersama pasca perceraian serta implikasi hukumnya dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Urgensi penelitian ini berangkat dari kekosongan norma yang menyebabkan belum adanya pengaturan yang jelas mengenai status dan mekanisme pembagian royalti hak cipta yang diperoleh selama perkawinan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan potensi sengketa yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa royalti hak cipta yang lahir dan menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi selama perkawinan dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai harta bersama karena merupakan hak ekonomi yang memiliki nilai kebendaan, meskipun hak cipta tetap memiliki karakter sui generis yang melekat pada pencipta. Putusan Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Barat Nomor 1622/Pdt.G/2023/PA.JB memperkuat konstruksi hukum bahwa royalti dapat menjadi objek pembagian harta bersama tanpa menghilangkan hak moral pencipta. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan konsep aset ekonomi berkelanjutan (sustainable economic assets) yang menempatkan royalti hak cipta sebagai aset tidak berwujud yang menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi secara terus-menerus dan tetap dapat dibagi pasca perceraian. Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah memperluas doktrin harta bersama dalam hukum keluarga Indonesia dengan memasukkan pendapatan berbasis kekayaan intelektual sebagai objek harta perkawinan.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Cipta Lagu Nuansa Bening Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta Achmad Fuad Achwani; Ahmad Dwi Nuryanto; Agus Saiful Abib; Zaenal Arifin; Putri Haliza Yuniar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14297

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dispute resolution mechanism of the copyright case concerning the song Nuansa Bening and the legal consequences arising under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. The background of this research is based on the increasing number of copyright violations in the digital era, particularly in the music industry, marked by unauthorized use of works and unclear royalty distribution. The urgency of this study lies in providing legal certainty and protection of both moral and economic rights of song creators in dispute resolution practices. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a specific case study of the song Nuansa Bening to examine the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms and their legal implications, which have rarely been explored in previous studies. The results indicate that dispute resolution can be pursued through both non-litigation and litigation mechanisms; however, in practice, the lawsuit was declared inadmissible due to formal defects, particularly the absence of necessary parties. Consequently, substantive legal protection could not be applied, highlighting that the effectiveness of copyright enforcement depends not only on the substance of violations but also on procedural accuracy.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta lagu Nuansa Bening serta akibat hukum yang timbul berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya pelanggaran hak cipta di era digital, khususnya dalam industri musik, yang ditandai dengan penggunaan karya tanpa izin dan ketidakjelasan pembagian royalti. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya memberikan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan terhadap hak moral dan hak ekonomi pencipta lagu dalam praktik penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan Perundang-Undangan dan konseptual melalui analisis bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan studi kasus konkret lagu Nuansa Bening untuk mengkaji efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa serta implikasi hukum yang timbul, yang selama ini masih jarang dianalisis secara spesifik dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa dapat ditempuh melalui jalur non-litigasi dan litigasi, namun dalam praktiknya gugatan yang diajukan dinyatakan tidak dapat diterima akibat cacat formil berupa kurang pihak. Akibatnya, perlindungan hukum secara substantif tidak dapat diterapkan, sehingga menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan penegakan hak cipta tidak hanya bergantung pada substansi pelanggaran, tetapi juga pada ketepatan prosedur hukum. 
Criminal Liability in Abortion Cases: Participation Doctrine under Indonesia’s New Penal Code Aida Ardini; Novita Alyapaskah Sianturi; Naomi Windi Listiani Lubis
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14312

Abstract

  This study aims to examine the construction of criminal liability for participants in abortion-related offenses and evaluate judicial reasoning in Decision Number 721/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Cikarang, and assess its compatibility with the paradigm shift introduced by Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The research is motivated by the persistent doctrinal ambiguity in distinguishing co-perpetrators (medepleger) from accomplices (medeplichtige) in abortion cases, which creates uncertainty in attributing criminal responsibility and determining proportional sanctions. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, doctrinal, and case approaches, this study analyzes relevant legal norms, judicial considerations, and the evolving framework of criminal liability under Indonesia’s criminal law reform. The findings demonstrate that the defendant’s liability was established through active participation in facilitating an unlawful abortion and was judicially classified as a co-perpetrator. However, the decision reveals a conceptual weakness in differentiating essential participation from auxiliary assistance, resulting in a predominantly formalistic application of participation doctrine. The study further finds that Law Number 1 of 2023 introduces a more contextual and differentiated model of criminal liability through clearer role attribution, proportional sentencing, and recognition of humanitarian considerations. The novelty of this research lies in integrating participation doctrine with the theory of functional perpetration and a comparative analysis of the old and new Criminal Codes to develop a more precise framework for assessing facilitators’ criminal responsibility in abortion-related offenses. The study contributes to the refinement of Indonesian criminal law by advancing a proportional, contextual, and human rights-oriented approach to participation and sentencing.
Keabsahan Emas Digital pada Platform DANA dalam Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam Ina Kaleluni; Syamhudian Noor; Novea Elysa Wardhani; Nuraliah Ali
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14319

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legality of digital gold transactions through the eMAS feature on the DANA application under Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. This research is motivated by the normative gap regarding the legal status of digital gold as an electronic transaction object, the validity of digitally recorded ownership, and the problem of qabd in non-physical gold transactions under Islamic law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through library research on legislation, legal doctrines, and Islamic legal fatwas. The novelty of this study lies in constructing the legality parameters of digital gold through the integration of electronic contract law and the concept of qabd hukmi based on indicators of digital object validity, legal certainty, underlying asset existence, and electronic delivery mechanisms. The findings reveal that digital gold transactions are principally valid under positive law insofar as they fulfill the legal requirements of contracts, are supported by valid electronic contracts, possess real underlying assets, and guarantee consumer protection. Under Islamic law, such transactions are permissible provided that they fulfill the principle of an-tarāḍin, are free from riba and gharar, and satisfy qabd hukmi as a form of legal possession over the transaction object. The study concludes that the legality of digital gold is conditional legality that depends on legal certainty, custodian transparency, and the validity of digital delivery.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan transaksi emas digital melalui fitur eMAS pada aplikasi DANA berdasarkan hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kekosongan norma mengenai status hukum emas digital sebagai objek transaksi elektronik, validitas kepemilikan berbasis saldo digital, serta problem qabd dalam transaksi emas nonfisik menurut hukum Islam. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap regulasi, doktrin hukum, dan fatwa syariah. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada konstruksi parameter legalitas emas digital berbasis integrasi hukum kontrak elektronik dan konsep qabd hukmi melalui indikator validitas objek digital, kepastian hak, keberadaan underlying asset, dan mekanisme penyerahan elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi emas digital pada prinsipnya sah menurut hukum positif sepanjang memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian, didukung kontrak elektronik yang valid, memiliki underlying asset yang nyata, dan menjamin perlindungan konsumen. Dalam hukum Islam, transaksi dapat dibenarkan sepanjang memenuhi prinsip an-tarāḍin, terbebas dari riba dan gharar, serta terpenuhinya qabd hukmi sebagai bentuk penguasaan hukum atas objek transaksi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa legalitas emas digital bersifat conditional legality yang bergantung pada kepastian hak, transparansi kustodian, dan validitas penyerahan digital.
Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi atas Kontaminasi Celsium 137: Analisis Strict Liability di Cikande Rahma Septiani; Sri Wahyu Handayani
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14330

Abstract

This study aims to analyze regulatory fragmentation in the supervision of radioactive materials within Indonesia’s non-nuclear industrial sector and reconstruct the application of strict liability for corporate accountability in radioactive contamination cases. The research is motivated by the Cesium-137 contamination incident in Cikande, which revealed regulatory gaps and institutional disharmony that weakened preventive environmental protection. Using a normative legal method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study examines regulatory coherence through vertical-horizontal synchronization analysis. The findings indicate that although Article 88 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law provides a legal basis for strict liability, its implementation remains constrained by the absence of radiological causation guidelines, fragmented institutional authority, and inadequate remediation funding mechanisms. The novelty of this research lies in extending strict liability beyond the licensed nuclear sector to encompass orphan sources within non-nuclear industries through a risk-based environmental liability framework. This study contributes to the development of environmental liability doctrine and offers a regulatory harmonization model to strengthen legal certainty, corporate accountability, and environmental governance.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis fragmentasi regulasi dalam pengawasan material radioaktif pada sektor industri non-nuklir di Indonesia serta merekonstruksi penerapan strict liability sebagai dasar pertanggungjawaban korporasi atas pencemaran radioaktif. Urgensi penelitian berangkat dari kasus kontaminasi Cesium-137 di Cikande yang mengungkap adanya kekosongan norma dan disharmonisasi kewenangan antarlembaga sehingga melemahkan fungsi pencegahan lingkungan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus yang dianalisis melalui sinkronisasi vertikal-horizontal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Pasal 88 UU PPLH memberikan dasar penerapan strict liability, efektivitasnya masih terkendala oleh ketiadaan pedoman kausalitas radiologis, fragmentasi kewenangan, dan belum adanya mekanisme pendanaan remediasi yang memadai. Kebaruan (novelty) penelitian ini terletak pada perluasan konstruksi strict liability dari sektor nuklir berizin menuju orphan sources pada industri non-nuklir melalui pendekatan risk-based environmental liability. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan doktrin pertanggungjawaban lingkungan serta menawarkan model harmonisasi regulasi untuk memperkuat kepastian hukum, akuntabilitas korporasi, dan tata kelola lingkungan yang berkelanjutan.
Penyelesaian Wanprestasi dalam Hubungan Kontraktual Wedding Organizer dan Vendor Marihot Sidauruk; Pristika Handayani; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14340

Abstract

This study aims to analyzes the contractual relationship between wedding organizers (WO) and vendors and examines the resolution of breaches of contract in wedding event cooperation. Previous studies generally discuss breach of contract in broad civil law contexts and have not specifically examined the legal relationship between WO and vendors in the creative service industry. In practice, disputes frequently arise due to delays, unilateral cancellations, service discrepancies, and payment defaults, creating legal uncertainty for the parties. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant literature. The findings reveal that the relationship between WO and vendors constitutes a contractual partnership based on valid agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code, giving rise to reciprocal rights and obligations founded on the principles of freedom of contract, good faith, legal certainty, and contractual balance. Breach of contract commonly occurs in the form of delayed performance, non-conformity of services, unilateral cancellation, and delayed payment. The study further finds that non-litigation mechanisms, particularly negotiation and mediation, are more effective because they are flexible, efficient, and capable of preserving long-term business relationships.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kontraktual antara wedding organizer (WO) dan vendor serta mengkaji penyelesaian wanprestasi dalam kerja sama penyelenggaraan wedding event. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya masih membahas wanprestasi dalam konteks hukum perdata secara umum dan belum secara khusus mengkaji hubungan hukum antara WO dan vendor dalam industri jasa kreatif. Dalam praktiknya, sengketa sering terjadi akibat keterlambatan, pembatalan sepihak, ketidaksesuaian layanan, dan wanprestasi pembayaran yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan hukum antara WO dan vendor merupakan kemitraan kontraktual yang lahir dari perjanjian sah berdasarkan KUHPerdata dan menimbulkan hak serta kewajiban timbal balik berdasarkan asas kebebasan berkontrak, itikad baik, kepastian hukum, dan keseimbangan kontrak. Wanprestasi umumnya terjadi dalam bentuk keterlambatan pelaksanaan pekerjaan, ketidaksesuaian layanan, pembatalan sepihak, dan keterlambatan pembayaran. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa mekanisme non-litigasi, khususnya negosiasi dan mediasi, lebih efektif diterapkan karena fleksibel, efisien, dan mampu menjaga keberlanjutan hubungan bisnis para pihak.
Perlindungan Hukum Kerja Lembur dalam Hubungan Industrial di Kota Batam Deddy Gunawan; Pristika Handayani; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14341

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the regulation of overtime work under Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 and the effectiveness of legal protection for workers in Batam City. This research is important because the high intensity of overtime practices in Batam’s industrial sector still results in violations of workers’ rights, including unpaid overtime wages and weak worker consent mechanisms. This study employs a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches analyzed qualitatively using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness and Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. The findings reveal that overtime regulation under Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 has been normatively comprehensive, yet its implementation remains ineffective due to weak labor supervision, unequal bargaining positions, and an industrial culture that normalizes overtime work. The study concludes that legal protection for overtime work in Batam City remains formal-procedural and has not fully ensured substantive protection for workers. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of overtime protection through the perspectives of legal effectiveness theory and legal system theory within Batam’s manufacturing-based industrial relations.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan kerja lembur berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 serta efektivitas perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja di Kota Batam. Penelitian ini penting karena tingginya praktik kerja lembur di sektor industri Batam masih menimbulkan pelanggaran hak pekerja, seperti tidak dibayarkannya upah lembur dan lemahnya persetujuan kerja lembur. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus yang dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto dan teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan kerja lembur dalam PP 35/2021 secara normatif telah cukup komprehensif, namun implementasinya belum efektif akibat lemahnya pengawasan ketenagakerjaan, ketimpangan posisi tawar pekerja, dan budaya industrial yang menormalisasi lembur. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum kerja lembur di Kota Batam masih bersifat formal-prosedural dan belum sepenuhnya memberikan perlindungan substantif bagi pekerja. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum kerja lembur melalui integrasi teori efektivitas hukum dan teori sistem hukum dalam konteks hubungan industrial kawasan manufaktur Batam. 

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