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Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlaangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo – 60115, Surabaya 3015
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Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23026464     EISSN : 2722967X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v9i1.2020.1-6
Core Subject : Health, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Veterinary
Ovozoa Journal of Animal Reproduction (Ovozoa J Anim Reprod) published original articles, review articles, and case reports in Indonesian or English, in the scope of veterinary reproduction and animal reproductive biotechnology from researchers, lecturers, students, and practitioners around Indonesia and worldwide. The main objective of the Ovozoa J Anim Reprod is to disseminate the results of scientific researches in the field of animal reproduction. Ovozoa J Anim Reprod invites manuscripts in the areas:  Development of reproductive diagnostic techniques  Development of reproductive technologies  Infectious and non-infectious reproductive diseases  Comparative pathology of reproductive diseases  Reproductive endocrinology  Infertility  Environmental and stress effects on reproduction  Better understanding of the in vivo fertilization process  Better understanding of embryonic development  Artificial insemination and embryo transfer  In vitro fertilisation and embryo culture  Sexual selection of sperm and embryo  Semen and embryo preservation  Reproductive cloning  Stem cell in reproduction  Development of assisted reproductive technologies  Molecular biology, genetics, proteomics, metabolomics application to reproductive biology
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran Hewan - Kedokteran Hewan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 177 Documents
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Anti-androgenic and antifertility activity of Azadirachta indica seed oil in male albino rats Ositadinma Sunday Onwuka; Chike Fidelis Oguejiofor; Ugochinyere Juliet Njoga; Izuchukwu Shedrack Ochiogu; Ifeanyi Gabriel Eke
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.1-16

Abstract

Two experimental phases (I and II) were conducted to investigate the reproductive effects of Azadirachta indica methanol seed extract (AIMSE) in adult male albino rats. In Phase I, male rats were randomly assigned (fourteen per group) to four groups: a control group (A) and three groups treated orally with graded doses of AIMSE at 50 mg/kg (B), 100 mg/kg (C) and 200 mg/kg (D) for 28 days. Animals were evaluated on day 0 (pre-treatment baseline), day 14 and day 28 for haematology, serum biochemistry and hormone concentrations, relative organ weights, sperm analysis and histopathology of the testis and epididymis. In Phase II, untreated fertile female rats were bred (four per group) with four male rats from each group (A-D) to assess post-treatment male fertility. Mated females were evaluated for several reproductive indices. In Phase I, AIMSE-treated males showed reduced serum testosterone concentrations, decreased vitality and motility of epididymal spermatozoa, and histopathological evidence of degeneration in the testis and epididymis. In Phase II, treatment with AIMSE for 28 days did not prevent mating by males and pregnancy in bred females; however, it induced significant antifertility effects, including decreased gestation index, reduced litter size and litter weight, increased pre-implantation loss, and decreased post-implantation embryo survival. These findings provide evidence of a dose-dependent in vivo anti-reproductive effects of AIMSE in male rats and, more importantly, a lowered fertility in females mated with treated males.
The effect of litter size and piglet sex on the gestation length of Landrace-Duroc crossbred pigs Olivia Claudya Lalo; Tarsisius Considus Tophianong; Yustinus Oswin Primajuni Wuhan; Heny Nitbani
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.25-33

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine and identify the effect of litter size and piglet sex of on the gestation length of Landrace-Duroc crossbred pigs. Fifteen sows from the Manufarm farm in East Kupang district, Kupang regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, were used in this study and were bred using artificial insemination (AI). Data were collected using a purposive sampling method based on certain criteria. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. Primary data were obtained through surveys, observations, and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from the farmers' data records. The research variables observed in this study included litter size, piglet sex, and gestation length. The data obtained were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test to examine the correlation between litter size and piglet sex with gestation length in Landrace-Duroc crossbred pigs. The results showed that the average litter size was 10.4 ± 0.986 piglets, consisting of 5.0 ± 1.852 males and 5.4 ± 1.882 females. The gestation length ranged from 111 to 114 days, with an average of 112 ± 0.926 days. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed that litter size was not significantly correlated with gestation length (p >0.05). Similarly, piglet sex showed no significant correlation with gestation length for both male (p >0.05) and female piglets (p= 0.254; p >0.05).
Determination of puberty based on morphometric measurements and the gonadosomatic index of lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) testes Nabila Chusnannada; Yeni Dhamayanti; Boedi Setiawan; Sunaryo Hadi Warsito; Tri Wahyu Suprayogi; Kuncoro Puguh Santoso
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.34-43

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the relationship between age and testicular morphometrics in lovebird (Agapornis fischeri), as well as the relationship between age and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the testes, and to evaluate the effect of body weight on testicular weight in determining the onset of puberty. This study used 30 lovebirds divided into three age groups: 4, 5, and 6 months, with ten birds in each group. The variables measured were testicular length, width, volume, weight and body weight. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, simple linier regression, and paired sample t-test. The results showed a positive relationship between age and testicular length, width and volume. The GSI values of lovebirds aged 4, 5 and 6 months were 0.015 ± 0.002, 0.058 ± 0.011, and 0.400 ± 0.067, respectively, indicating an increase with age. The significance coefficient at 4 months of age was 0.000 (p <0.05), indicating that body weight had a significant influence on testicular weight at this age. In contrast, lovebirds aged 5 and 6 months had significance coefficients of 0.079 and 0.089 (p >0.05), indicating that testicular weight was not significantly influenced by body weight at these ages. It can be concluded that lovebirds at 6 months of age are likely to have reached puberty.
Comparative serum biochemical and inflammatory profiles between repeat breeder and normal cyclic Holstein Friesian crossbred cows in Bangladesh Md. Mehedi Hasan; Md. Rashedul Islam; Hafsa Hossain; Maksuda Taslima; Sm. Ahasanul Hamid; Mozahidul Islam Tuser; Nurjahan Akter Juli; Al Wasef; Mahfuzul Islam; Mst. Sharifa Jahan
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.17-24

Abstract

Repeat breeding syndrome (RBS) has adverse effects on dairy profitability in Bangladesh. This study compared serum biochemical profiles between RBS-affected and normal cyclic Holstein Friesian crossbred cows to identify potential metabolic biomarkers. A total of thirty-two lactating cows (3-8 years old, body condition score 2.5-4.0/5) were categorized into repeat breeders (RB, n= 16; ≥3 failed artificial inseminations with normal estrus) and normal cyclic controls (NC, n= 16; matched for age, parity, and postpartum status). Serum samples were analyzed for minerals (Ca, P, Mg), proteins (total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], C-reactive protein [CRP]), and metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin) using commercial diagnostic kits (Span Diagnostics). Repeat breeder cows required significantly more services per conception (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.7; p <0.001) and exhibited hypoglycemia (74.5 ± 8.4 vs 94.0 ± 4.3 mg/dL; p= 0.002), lower bilirubin levels (<1 mg/dL; 0.0 ± 0.0 vs 0.09 ± 0.03 mg/dL; p= 0.002) indicating enhanced hepatic clearance, elevated BUN (23.8 ± 3.6 vs 20.9 ± 1.9 mg/dL; p <0.05), and increased CRP concentrations (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 1.7 ± 0.4 mg/dL; p= 0.042). These biochemical alterations indicate a negative energy balance and subclinical inflammation, which are likely important etiological factors contributing to RBS in tropical dairy cows. The findings suggest that metabolic correction strategies may improve fertility, although further validation is required.
Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extract on the quality of Gaok rooster spermatozoa stored in a fructose-egg yolk-milk diluent at room temperature Raffael Darrel Juliano; Nove Hidajati; Sri Hidanah; Tatik Hernawati; Tita Damayanti Lestari; Pudji Srianto
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.44-55

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of a fructose-egg yolk-milk diluent supplemented with different concentration of green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis L.) on the quality of rooster semen stored at room temperature (25 °C). Semen was collected from five healthy Gaok roosters (1.5-2 years old), pooled and allocated into four treatment groups: T0 (diluent only, control), T1 (diluent + 0.005 mg green tea extract/10 mL), T2 (diluent + 0.010 mg/10 mL), and T3 (diluent + 0.015 mg/10 mL). Semen quality was evaluated over a 6-hour storage period, focusing on progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (assessed using the hypoosmotic swelling test), and morphological abnormalities. The addition of green tea extract significantly improved progressive motility, sperm viability, and membrane integrity compared to the control throughout the storage period (p <0.05). These improvements followed a dose–response trend, with the intermediate dose (T2, 0.010 mg/10 mL) showing the most stable and sustained protective effects. No significant differences were observed in spermatozoa morphological abnormalities among treatments (p >0.05), with values remaining low and comparable across all groups. Overall, the results suggest that incorporating green tea leaf extract into a fructose-egg yolk-milk diluent can enhance the short-term preservation of rooster semen by maintaining motility, viability, and membrane functionality at 25 °C, without adversely affecting morphology. The optimal dose identified in this study was 0.010 mg per 10 mL diluent (T2), which provided effective protection for up to 6 hours of storage. In conclusion, green tea extract shows promise as a practical antioxidant additive for improving the short-term handling and transport of rooster semen under field conditions.      
The effect of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) on Sertoli and Leydig cells counts and spermatozoa quality of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to monosodium glutamate Sitti Az-Zahra Indira; A Ashiila Tsabita; Suherni susilowati; Sri Pantja Madyawati; Ira Sari Yudaniayanti; kusnoto kusnoto; Djoko Legowo; Nove Hidajati; Kadek Rachmawati
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.56-64

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) on the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study used 25 male rats which were divided into five groups. The C– group was given only 1% Na-CMC, while the C+ group received 1% Na-CMC and 120 mg/kg BW of MSG. The T1, T2, and T3 groups were administered EGCG at doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg BW, respectively, along with 120 mg/kg BW of MSG. All treatments were administered orally for 28 days. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed on day 29. Their testes were collected and processed into histological specimens using hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining. The results showed that MSG exposure significantly decreased (p <0.05) the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells in the C+ group compared to the C– group. In contrast, the T1, T2, and T3 groups showed increased cell counts following EGCG administration. Epigalocathecin-3-gallate at a dose of 8 mg/kg BW showed the best potential in maintaining spermatozoa motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity in rats exposed to MSG. EGCG, as an antioxidant, can reduce lipid peroxidation in the spermatozoa plasma membrane, thereby improving spermatozoa viability, motility, and plasma membrane integrity. In conclusion, the administration of EGCG mitigates the harmful effects of MSG on Sertoli and Leydig cell counts in white rats, with an optimal dose of 8 mg/kg BW.
Leiomyoma of the broad ligament in an 8-year-old female Nigerian local pig (Sus scrofa): A Case Report Michael Efeturi Okandeji; John Olusoji Abiola; Olawale Olawumi OLA; Monsuru Oladunjoye Tijani; Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre; Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa; Abdulrauf Adekunle Usman; Moyinoluwa Julianah Onoja
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i1.2026.65-70

Abstract

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors most frequently arising from the uterus of intact female animals. Extra-uterine forms, including those originating from the broad ligament, are rare across species and hold diagnostic significance, particularly in older pigs. An 8-year-old, nulliparous Nigerian local pig with a history of repeated unsuccessful breeding and progressive abdominal enlargement was slaughtered for evaluation. Post-mortem examination revealed a large, firm, well-encapsulated intra-abdominal mass. The mass was carefully removed, weighed, and sampled for cytological and histological analyses. Representative tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5μm, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Grossly, the mass was solitary, spherical, and encapsulated, weighing approximately 8 kg, and measuring 28 × 20 ×15 cm. The cut surface was firm, white, whorled, with distinct lobulation. Cytology showed low cellularity with discrete spindled-shaped cells. Histologically, the tumor consisted of well-differentiated spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles, with elongated, blunt-ended nuclei and no detectable mitotic activity. Cellular atypia was minimal, and there was no evidence of necrosis, hemorrhage, or invasion. These features support a benign smooth muscle tumor consistent with leiomyoma. This case describes a rare extra-uterine leiomyoma of the broad ligament in a geriatric pig, contributing to limited reports in swine and highlighting its relevance in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal masses in aged female pigs.
An experimental evaluation of cucumber (cucumis sativus) juice-fortified extenders: effects on semen motility, viability, and microbial dynamics in clarias gariepinus Adebola Ajiboye; Timilehin Itadare; Olanrewaju Olaifa; Foluke Jemilehin; Opeyemi Ogundijo
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i2.2026.71-78

Abstract

Conventional semen extenders are often inaccessible to smallholder aquaculture because of their high costs and infrastructure requirements, while bacterio-spermia and oxidative damage further compromise sperm quality during storage This study evaluated a cucumber juice-based semen extender supplemented with egg yolk and dextrose saline for preserving Clarias gariepinus semen at room temperature (25–28 °C). Semen from 15 males (three pools of five fish each) was diluted at a 1:2 ratio into three treatments: Control (30% cucumber juice), Extender A (30% cucumber juice, 25% dextrose saline, 5% egg yolk), and Extender B (30% cucumber juice, 15% dextrose saline, 15% egg yolk). Sperm motility, viability, pH, and bacterial contamination were assessed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Control sperm lost motility within 3 hours, whereas Extender B maintained 62% motility and 68% viability at 3 hours, and 32% motility and 28% viability at 6 hours, outperforming Extender A. Extender B also maintained a higher final pH (6.33 ± 0.08 vs. 5.63 ± 0.12), indicating better buffering against metabolic acidification. This simple and cost-effective preservation protocol addresses a critical need in resource-limited aquaculture by enabling artificial fertilization without refrigeration, thereby supporting small-scale fish farmers. Although E. coli, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Serratia progressively contaminated all treatments, sperm survival remained significantly longer in Extender B. While fertility was not evaluated, sperm quality indicators suggest suitability for artificial fertilization. Overall, a cucumber juice-based extender containing 15% egg yolk effectively preserved functional C. gariepinus sperm for up to 6 hours at ambient temperature, providing a simple, low-cost protocol for artificial fertilization without refrigeration in resource-limited aquaculture.
Histological structure of rat preantral follicles after vitrification using date juice as a natural extracellular cryoprotectant Nova Anita; Aisyah Safrina; Ahmad Aulia Jusuf; Rahimi Syaidah
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i2.2026.90-101

Abstract

Cold shock, cryoinjury, and apoptosis remain major challenges in ovarian vitrification because they compromise the structural integrity of follicular cells. Date juice (DJ), which contains natural sugars and antioxidant compounds, may provide cryoprotective effects during vitrification. This study evaluated the effectiveness of DJ combined with ethylene glycol (EG) in preserving the structural integrity of preantral follicles. Ovaries were collected from 24 female Sprague–Dawley rats and assigned to eight groups: CN and CV (0.9% NaCl), CT1 (7.5% EG), CT2 (15% EG), T1 (7.5% EG + 7.5% DJ), T2 (7.5% EG + 15% DJ), T3 (15% EG + 7.5% DJ), and T4 (15% EG + 15% DJ). After vitrification, ovarian sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Follicular integrity was evaluated histologically as the percentages of intact and non-intact primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05) showed significant differences between the non-vitrified and vitrified control groups across all follicle stages. T1 yielded the highest percentage of intact primordial follicles (95.851%) and the lowest percentage of non-intact primordial follicles (4.149%). T2 produced the best outcomes for primary and secondary follicles, with intact follicle percentages of 90.343% and 87.158%, respectively. Overall, combining EG (7.5% or 15%) with 7.5% DJ improved follicular integrity compared with EG alone. These findings suggest that DJ has potential as a natural extracellular cryoprotectant for ovarian tissue vitrification.
Discriminant analysis of post-thaw sperm cryotolerance among three chicken breeds in a hot, humid tropical environment Ojo Temidayo Stephen; Oke Oyegunle Emmanuel; Logunleko Mariam Opeyemi; Adekunle Ezekiel Oluwafemi; Daramola James Olamitibo; Wheto Mathew; Durosaro Samuel Olutunde; Oyewusi Joshua Adeoye; Ndubuisi-Ogbonma Lois Chidina
Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ovz.v15i2.2026.79-89

Abstract

Sperm cryopreservation is a practical reproductive technique, with variations in post-thaw sperm quality observed among different breeds. Discriminant functions can be used to distinguish breed-specific responses to cryotolerance. This study applied multivariate discriminant analysis to evaluate post-thaw sperm cryotolerance among three chicken breeds under hot, humid tropical conditions. Semen samples collected from Funaab Alpha, Arbor Acre, and Dominant Black chickens were cryopreserved and assessed for sperm viability parameters.The STEPDISC, CANDISC, and DISCRIM procedures were used to evaluate breed differentiation, canonical variables, and Mahalanobis distances among the breeds, respectively. Significant breed differences (p <0.01) were observed in seminal leukocyte count, acrosome integrity, sperm viability, and midpiece and tail abnormalities. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified sperm motility, sperm viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, leukocyte count, acrosome integrity, and midpiece and tail abnormalities as the most important variables distinguishing the three breeds. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed two canonical variables, with CAN1 accounting for 66.94% and CAN2 accounting for 33.06% of the total variation.Arbor Acre and Funaab Alpha chickens exhibited the greatest Mahalanobis distance. These findings indicate that the discriminant functions identified in this study can effectively differentiate post-thaw sperm cryotolerance among the three chicken breeds.

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