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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,091 Documents
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Population Dynamics of Mangrove Clam Pegophysema philippiana (Reeve, 1850) in Davao Region, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines Bersaldo, Michael Jeriel I.; Llameg, Marlyn B.; Avenido, Pedro M.; Pacyao, John Paul R.; Marquez, Jessa May D.
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.5.964-979

Abstract

Mangrove clam is the most sought-after bivalve in the Philippines due to its taste, size, and nutrition. Due to its economic importance, this paper aims to determine the population dynamics of mangrove clam P. philippiana harvested in gleaning sites in the Davao region using the FAO ICLARM Stock Assessment Tool (FISAT II). A total of 2493 clams collected from December 2018-December 2020 with sizes ranging from 14-84 mm SL and 2.2-178.6 g were classified according to size classes with 5 mm intervals. The length-weight relationship was computed and showed negative allometry (a = 0.002, b = 2.6205, R2 = 0.89). The estimated growth parameters using ELEFAN I was L∞ = 98.64 mm, K = 1.33 year-1, t0 = -1.07. Length converted catch curve routine estimated Z = 10.27year-1, M = 1.52 year-1, F = 8.75 year-1, E = 0.85, and backward extrapolation generated Lc50 = 34.83 mm SL which is below Lm = 65.76 mm SL. Recruitment patterns were highest during July and August 2020, and VPA showed a high F at 60 mm SL. Beverton and Holt Y/R analysis showed E0.5 = 0.328 and Emax = 0.551, yield isopleths derived from plotted Lc50/L∞ = 0.353 and E = 0.85 values were within quadrant D. The result revealed that Lm>Lc50 implies that mangrove clams gleaned in the area were small and immature. Moreover, F>Fopt and E>Emax and E>E0.5 suggest that mangrove clam fishery in the region was heavily exploited. The study concluded that the mangrove clam Pegophysema philippiana was overexploited and that a management strategy was needed in the Davao Region, Philippines.
Determining the Matrilineal Origin of Indonesian Kerinci Duck Breed (Anas platyrhynchos) Based on MT-ND2 Gene Diversity Depison; Putra, Widya Pintaka Bayu; Gushairiyanto; Gunawan, Asep; Sumantri, Cece
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.3.581-588

Abstract

The Kerinci duck (Anas platyrhynchos), hailing from Jambi Province, represents one of the local duck breeds of Indonesia. This study aimed to ascertain the matrilineal origin of Kerinci ducks through analysis of the mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 2 (MT-ND2) gene. In this pursuit, forward sequences of the MT-ND2 gene (490 bp) were extracted from unsexed Kerinci ducks, totalling forty-eight (48) sequences, procured from blood samples. The findings demonstrated the identification of fifteen (15) distinct haplotypes within the MT-ND2 gene, with corresponding haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (pi) values of 0.74 and 0.003, respectively. The resulting phylogenetic tree unveiled that Kerinci ducks exhibit two matrilineal origins: an Asian and an independent Kerinci lineage. Moreover, most Kerinci ducks were categorised within the H4 group (24 birds) of the Asian lineage. Nevertheless, this study also revealed the existence of an independent Kerinci lineage comprising eight (8) duck haplotypes. In conclusion, the analysis of the MT-ND2 gene underscored the genetic introgression of A. zonorhyncha and A. poecilorhyncha in Kerinci ducks.
Lysinibacillus sphaericus Isolated from Palm Oil Waste Land as Lipase Producer Sumarsih, Sri; Sofijan Hadi; Fatimah; Rizka Diah Fitri; Gilva Illavi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.3.425-431

Abstract

In this research, lipolyic bacteria have been isolated from palm oil waste land for the production of lipase. Species of potential lipolytic bacteria were identified based on their morphology and sequences of 16 rRNA gene. Enzymes are produced by growing bacteria in a medium with various vegetable oils and nitrogen sources. The enzyme produced by the bacteria measured its lipolytic activity against the substrate para-nitrophenylpalmitate. The lipolytic bacteria was recognized as Lysinibacillus sphaericus L49a based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Mineral media with different vegetable oils as carbon sources, and different nitrogen sources were suitable for growth and production of lipase enzymes of L. sphaericus L49a. Culltivation of L. sphaericus L49a in medium containing ammonium sulfate and olive oil produced lipase with the highest lipolytic activity.
Bioethanol Production from Non-Conventional Yeasts Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Pichia anomala) and Detection of ADH1 Gene Fathiah, Muhammad Fadhil; Hartono, Faisal Diniamal; Astuti, Rika Indri; Listiyowati, Sri; Meryandini, Anja
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.221-228

Abstract

Bioethanol is an organic compound resulted from the fermentation of sugar substrates by microorganisms which is used as alternative energy sources. During bioethanol fermentation yeast are exposed to various fermentation stresses, including temperature, osmotic, and oxidative stresess. Such conditions may decrease ethanol production. We previously isolated fermentation-stress tolerance yeast isolates from traditional Balinese beverages, identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus BT2, BT5, and BT6. However no data available regarding the bioethanol production of those isolates. Our study indicates that these strains could utilize various sugar substrates (glucose, xylose, maltose, sucrose) in oxidative fermentative media. The highest value of substrate utilization efficiency following 48 hours fermentation was shown by BT6 on glucose (61.02%), BT 2 on xylose (55.44%) and maltose (60.90%). Measurement of ethanol production by Gas Chromatography showed that the strains were able to produce higher ethanol on the glucose substrate than other substrates. For instance, BT6 could produce the highest ethanol production (5.00 g/L) amongst strains tested by using glucose as substrate. Yet, the particular strains could only produce 0.30 g/L and 0.65 g/L by using xylose and maltose, respectively. For further genetic engineering purposes, we detected ADH1 gene from all three isolates, with high homology to the alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further strain development can be carried out targeting the ADH1 gene, important for ethanol fermentation.
Variation of Musa spp. in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Based on rbcL Chloroplast DNA Sunandar, Ari; Fajri, Hayatul; Qurbaniah, Mahwar
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.5.942-950

Abstract

West Kalimantan is home to Musa spp. conservation and genetic assessment of wild banana relatives are important for future breeding purposes. The present study aims to evaluate the genetic relationship of Musa spp. in West Kalimantan by analyzing the rbcL chloroplast DNA using phylogenetic analysis. The methods in this study were sampling, DNA extraction, PCR of rbcL fragment, and data analysis. The specific primer was used to amplify the rbcL chloroplast DNA of ten accessions of Musa spp. in West Kalimantan. The results showed that the area of the rbcL region of Musa spp. in this study was estimated at 587-591 bp. It showed high variability with a conservation level A+T content of 56.95%. The rbcL sequences of Musa spp. have polymorphic sites on 13 numbers of nucleotides. The phylogenetic analysis with an ML algorithm of 35 Musa spp. from West Kalimantan and GenBank data was successfully divided into 4 main clades, and the bootstrap value was 80-81%. This study is expected beneficial for taxonomic, conservation, and banana breeding efforts.
Enhancing Kojic Acid Production in Aspergillus oryzae: Leveraging Crude Cellulase from Achatina fulica for Strain Improvement via Protoplasting and UV Mutagenesis Putri Mulia, Ocha; Larosa, Febri LS; Septiarini, Tri Hastuti; Rahmasari, Ratika; Suryadi, Herman
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.4.693-701

Abstract

This study aims to prove the ability of crude cellulase enzymes from snails for protoplasting Aspergillus oryzae cells and its application for strain improvement with UV mutagenesis. Snail enzyme was obtained from Achatina fulica by dissolving its digestion track and fractionating it with ammonium sulfate. The activity of fractions was measured Spectrophotometrically and used for cell protoplasting for 2 hours, then irradiated with UV for 10, 15, and 20 minutes, respectively, with 5 cm in the distance. Screening of mutants is carried out with 1% FeCl3, and the potential mutant strain was tested for kojic acid production in an aerobic state and determined by Spectrophotometry at 268 nm. The cellulase activity in crude snail enzyme was 11.5807 U/ml and increased to 16.3984 U/ml after fractionation. The best protoplast formation was obtained with a 60% fraction, which showed transparent performance under the microscope. The UV mutagenesis of protoplasts showed that the highest number of potential mutants was obtained from UV treatment for 15 minutes (41.67%). The potential mutants look dark brown (DBC), such as strain 10H3, and produced higher kojic acid concentration than the parent strain. In conclusion, UV mutagenesis of Aspergillus oryzae through protoplasting by crude cellulase of snail enzyme was effective and improved kojic acid concentration.
Species Richness and Nesting Sites of Stingless Bees in the Forest and Settlement Areas in Banten Province, Indonesia and their Morphometry Atmowidi, Tri; Oktaviani, Widia Bela; Karimah, Khadijah Nurul; Prawasti, Taruni Sri; Dorly; Priawandiputra, Windra
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.6.1095-1105

Abstract

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) are distributed in the tropics, and there are more than 600 species worldwide, Forty-six species were recorded in Indonesia. Nest of the species is generally found in tree holes, rocks, house walls, house wooden, bamboo cavities, and soil. Current research explores the species richness, nesting sites and morphometry of stingless bee species in the forest and settlement areas in Banten province, Indonesia. Road- and purposive sampling methods were used to explore the stingless bee species. Thirty-five body characters of each stingless bee species were measured. Results showed four stingless bee species found were Tetragonula laeviceps, Heterotrigona itama, Lepidotrogona terminata, and Tetragonula sp. The dominant species found was L. terminata in the forest, while T. laeviceps in the settlement areas. The nesting sites of stingless bees in the forests were found in the tree cavities of various plant species with tree diameter range 39.3-87.3 cm. In contrast, the nest of T. laeviceps was found in the tree of Swietenia mahagoni, Lansium parasiticum, and bamboo cavities of houses in the settlement areas. The nest entrances of stingless bees varied, i.e., oval-rounded, tubular with varied diameters, and blackish-brown in color. The internal structure of the nest consists of brood cells, pollen cells, and honey cells. Heterotrigona itama has the largest body size (5.52 mm in length), followed by L. terminata (4.99 mm in length) and T. laeviceps (3.86 mm in length). Thirty-three characters of H. itama were larger than L. terminata and T. laeviceps, except for gena width and malar length.
Genetic Relationship and the Putative Occurrence of A Species Complex Within the Indonesian Calotes (Daudin, 1802) (Squamata, Agamidae) Genus Based on COI Gene Sequences Maulana, Muhammad Indra; Pakpahan, Suhendra; Darmawan, Andy; Ariyanti, Yanti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.5.1019-1029

Abstract

The Calotes genus presents a challenge due to the complexity of its species. However, research on the cryptic species complex within the Indonesian Calotes genus is still lacking. This study aims to determine the extent of genetic relationships and assess the potential existence of a species complex within the Indonesian genus Calotes (Daudin, 1802) (Squamata, Agamidae) using the partial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence as a molecular marker. Samples of the Indonesian Calotes genus in this study were collected from South Lampung (Lampung), Bogor (West Java), and Langkat (North Sumatra). By aligning 582 bp sequence similarities with reference sequences in GenBank, we confirmed that seven out of eight samples analyzed belonged to Calotes vultuosus, while one sample was identified as Calotes versicolor. The identity values ranged from 96 to 100%. The C. vultuosus samples in this study displayed lower genetic distances, ranging from 0 to 3%, with the reference C. vultuosus sequence from Indonesia compared to the reference sequence from India, which ranged from 6 to 9%. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction, utilizing both maximum likelihood with IQ-Tree and Bayesian Inference with BEAST methods, further supports these findings. It reveals distinct groupings between C. vultuosus samples from Indonesia and India. These results suggest the potential occurrence of a species complex within the Indonesian genus Calotes. Furthermore, the inclusion of eight COI gene sequences from two Calotes species in the GenBank database has the potential to confirm the existence of previously undocumented species in Indonesia.
Viewable Terrestrial Mammals along the Nature Trails at the Lowland Tropical Forests of Western Sabah, Malaysia Borneo Lim, Wing Shen; Mojiol, Andy Russel; Bernard, Henry; Matunjau, Christopher A.; Nair, Guptah V. G.
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.404-413

Abstract

The information related to the species of terrestrial mammals that can be detected along the nature trails established in the lowland tropical forests of Western Sabah remains scarce at this moment. The camera trapping surveys were commenced at the Tenghilan Community Forest (TCF), Kawang Forest Reserve (KFR), and the urban forest of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) to investigate the terrestrial mammal species that could be observed along the local trails. A total of 20 terrestrial mammal species belonging to 13 different families were observed in 2,077 trap nights, where most of them were validated to be non-threatened (n = 16 or 80.0%) and omnivorous (n = 13 or 65.0%) species. Twelve species were found along the nature trails in TCF (H’ = 2.223; 1-D = 0.8650) and KFR (H’ = 1.730; 1-D = 0.7078), whereas seven species were detected along the trails in the urban forest of UMS (H’ = 1.217; 1-D = 0.5567). The differences in the mammalian composition, diversity richness, and distribution evenness between these three study sites were validated as significant (p<0.05). The present findings emphasize that these three study sites are favorable habitats for four threatened species. Hence, conservation efforts are needed to protect these terrestrial mammal species from facing extinction risks in future.
Spike Glycoprotein 1 Partial Gene Analysis of GI-19 (QX-like) Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated and Propagated from Breeder, Broiler, and Layer Chickens in Java Region Santoso, Ferdinand Prayogo Cahyo; Widayanti, Rini; Widyarini, Sitarina; Wibowo, Michael Haryadi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.3.414-424

Abstract

This study aims to identify and characterize receptor binding sites (RBS) and antigenic sites (HVR-I and II) of the S1 gene fragment of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated and propagated from commercial chickens in Java Region to monitor recent circulating virus. The samples in this study were the organs which indicated infectious bronchitis infection. The stages of this research consisted of making virus suspensions, isolation, and propagation, as well as molecular detection and characterization of viruses. Virus isolation and propagation were carried out on chicken embryonated eggs aged 11 days via the allantoic route. Culture confirmation was performed by RT-PCR of the S1 gene fragment, followed by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The 168-hour propagation was observed in both dwarfed and curled embryos of two isolates from 11 isolates detected as IBV-positive. Phylogenetic tree construction resulted in all isolates being grouped as GI-19 genotype (QX-like). Amino acid identity among QX-like strains was calculated at 87–100%. A total of 210 predicted amino acid residues were observed, including 31 substitutions and 2 deletions. Conclusions of this study were identified and characterized as GI-19 genotype (QX-like) IBV with amino acid changes on S1 fragment from breeder, broiler, and layer chickens in Java Region.

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