Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal)
MORFAI This journal will publish research articles or studies that are multidisciplinary in nature, including: education, law, health, agriculture, engineering, energy, technology, and social science. This journal is dedicated to explore and socialize many creative and innovative thought who focus in: Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religion, Theater, etc. Social Science: Geography, Sociology, Education, Political Science, Law, Policy, Social Review, Arts, History, Philosophy, Anthropology Management: Commerce, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Corporate Governance, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Quality Management Training and Development Engineering: Information Technology, Computer Application, Civil Engineering, Machanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics Medical Science: Medicine, Health, Nursing, Clinical Research, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry Biology: Botany, Bioscience, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Clinical Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environment and Ecology, Food Science, Nutrition, Plant Science, Entomology, Zoology, Fisheries Physical Education: Sports, Yoga, Physiotherapy, Physiology, Exercise, Health
Articles
2,142 Documents
<![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF THE OFFENSE OF INSULTING THE GOVERNMENT IN THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE FOLLOWING THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION ]]>
<![CDATA[Muh. Rafli S]]>;
<![CDATA[Yahyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasdin]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Constitutional Court Decision Number 282/PUU-XXIII/2025 declared Article 240 along with its Elucidation and Article 241 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP) to be contrary to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and without binding legal force, so that the offense of insulting the government and state institutions can no longer be applied. This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi of the decision and its legal implications for the guarantee of freedom of opinion and expression in Indonesia. This study is normative legal research using the statute, case, and conceptual approaches, with the primary legal materials, in the form of Constitutional Court decisions, analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively. The results show that the Court’s ratio decidendi rests on five main considerations: the prohibition on reviving a norm that has been declared unconstitutional, the distinction between the protection of the honor of individuals and of state institutions, the expansion of the objects of protection that gives rise to legal uncertainty, the insufficiency of the construction of the complaint-based offense, and the disproportionality that creates a chilling effect. The decision strengthens the guarantees of Article 28D paragraph (1), Article 28E paragraph (2) and paragraph (3), and Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, but the protection of officials’ personal honor now depends on other offenses based on individual complaints.]]>
<![CDATA[APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF PARDON IN CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT FOR THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF EMBEZZLEMENT: ANALYSIS OF DECISION NUMBER 236/PID.B/2026/PN PTK ]]>
<![CDATA[Hilda Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Yahyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasdin Yadin]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the application of rechterlijk pardon in the sentencing of embezzlement cases based on Decision Number 236/Pid.B/2026/PN Ptk. The analysis focuses on the assessment of evidence, the legal basis for granting judicial pardon under Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2026 concerning Judicial Pardon Decisions, the form of the judgment, and the considerations underlying the judge's decision to grant a pardon. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The legal materials are analyzed using qualitative and prescriptive methods by examining Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2026, and Decision Number 236/Pid.B/2026/PN Ptk. The findings indicate that the defendant was legally and convincingly found guilty of participating in embezzlement; however, the Panel of Judges granted rechterlijk pardon without imposing a criminal penalty or measure. The granting of judicial pardon was based on objective and individual-relational considerations, including the seriousness of the offense and the potential criminal penalty, the defendant's role as a participant in the offense (medepleger), the defendant's personal circumstances, and the compensation for the victim's losses and reconciliation with the victim. This application demonstrates that judicial pardon distinguishes between establishing guilt and determining whether a criminal penalty is necessary. It also reflects the relevance of restorative justice while maintaining the distinction between judicial pardon and restorative justice mechanisms.]]>
<![CDATA[ESG MODERATION OF TAX AVOIDANCE AND DISTRESS-RELATED FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS IN INDONESIAN FIRM VALUATION ]]>
<![CDATA[Jonathan Anggiat Pahotan]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nuryanah]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Tax avoidance, financial vulnerability, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings may jointly inform firm valuation. This study examines their associations among nonfinancial Indonesian listed firms during 2019–2023. An unbalanced panel of 256 firm-years from 66 firms is estimated using firm and year fixed effects, firm-clustered standard errors, and restricted wild cluster bootstrap tests. Tax avoidance is measured by negative as-reported GAAP effective tax rates, and distress-related financial constraints (FC) by a modified accounting index excluding market equity. Greater constraints are associated with lower Tobin’s Q at mean ESG (coefficient −1.139; clustered p = 0.004; Holm-adjusted bootstrap p = 0.012). The primary tax hypothesis and both ESG moderation hypotheses are unsupported at 5%. A standardized-tax-field sensitivity produces a positive tax coefficient (p = 0.031), contrary to the negative prediction. FC inference varies with outlier processing; lagged regressors and a loss-inclusive companion model also yield nonsignificant estimates. Matched Refinitiv and Bloomberg models provide insufficient evidence of moderation. The contribution is measurement-specific Indonesian evidence on accounting vulnerability, tax-field comparability, and ESG-provider sensitivity. The estimates describe contemporaneous associations and do not identify causal financing effects.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL CERTAINTY OF TERMINATION OF INVESTIGATIONS ONDRUG ABUSERS THROUGH RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BASED ON SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR LETTER NUMBER 1 OF 2026 CONCERNING GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2023 CRIMINAL CODE AND THE 2025 CRIMINAL PROCEDURES ]]>
<![CDATA[Afrian Faryandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumarno]]>;
<![CDATA[Suci Ramadani]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Termination of investigations against drug abusers through a restorative justice approach is a new paradigm in the Indonesian criminal justice system after the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code and Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code. However, its implementation still faces various legal certainty issues, starting from the clarity of the qualification categories of abusers based on Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2010, the accountability of the Integrated Assessment Team (TAT) when evidence exceeds the quantitative provisions in the SEMA a quo, the position of Joint Regulation Number 01/PB/MA/III/2014 as a reference material after the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code, the relationship between SEMA Number 1 of 2026 and existing implementing regulations for restorative justice (Perpol, Perja, and Perma), to the impact of the SEMA a quo on the determination of the Head of the District Court on the request to terminate the investigation. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty of terminating the investigation of drug abusers through restorative justice based on these provisions. The study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach, supported by empirical data through interviews with law enforcement officers. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using the Theory of Legal Certainty, Theory of Restorative Justice, Theory of Accountability, and Theory of the Legal System. The results of the study indicate that the existing regulations have not fully provided legal certainty because the parameters for qualifying drug abusers have not been consistently integrated between the Narcotics Law, SEMA 4/2010, and the work results of the TAT; there is no accountability standard for the TAT in conditions of deviation from SEMA 4/2010; the position of the 2014 Joint Regulation and other RJ implementing regulations after the new Criminal Code/Criminal Procedure Code is unclear; and the limits of the authority of the Head of the District Court in determining the termination of the investigation are not yet clear. Therefore, it is necessary to improve regulations through more comprehensive arrangements, harmonization of implementing regulations, and strengthening institutional accountability in order to realize legal certainty in the application of restorative justice to drug abusers.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL PROTECTION FOR HARVESTING WORKERS WITH A CONTRACT-BASED WORK SYSTEM AT PT. DAYA LABUHAN INDAH IN KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU (STUDY IN DESA TADUKAN RAGA KECAMATAN STM HILIR) ]]>
<![CDATA[Bernad Marbun]]>;
<![CDATA[Taufik Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Ridha Haykal Amal]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the legal protection of harvesting workers with a contract-based work system at PT. Daya Labuhan Indah, as well as the factors that cause legal protection for workers to not be optimally implemented and the efforts that workers can make to obtain legal protection. This study uses an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document studies with the company, harvesting workers, and employment agencies. The results show that PT. Daya Labuhan Indah has provided protection to workers through the provision of work tools and personal protective equipment, occupational safety and health supervision, and the implementation of employment relationship provisions. However, this protection is not fully optimal, especially related to the high target of the contract basis which can cause an increase in workers' workload and working hours. Factors that influence the suboptimal protection include high harvest targets, strict standard operating procedures, plantation environmental conditions, and workers' limited understanding of labor rights. Efforts that can be made include increasing workers' understanding, strengthening the role of labor unions, labor supervision, and dispute resolution through industrial relations mechanisms. This research confirms that the implementation of the contract-based system needs to be balanced with the fulfillment of workers' rights and legal protection to ensure welfare and work safety.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN TYPE C PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN BALI ]]>
<![CDATA[Anak Agung Ngurah Mayun Trinanditya]]>;
<![CDATA[Welly Surjono]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayu Laili Rahmiyati]]>;
<![CDATA[Kosasih]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahardian Malik]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Employee retention is a hospital management concern associated with employees' work experiences and relationships with their organizations. This study examines transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and employee retention in three Type C private hospitals in Bali. A quantitative cross-sectional design involved 100 employees purposively selected from a population of 465. The questionnaire comprised 39 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. The analysis covered descriptive statistics, internal consistency, and an examination of reported relationships between the variables. Mean scores for transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and retention were 3.79, 3.86, and 3.69, respectively. Individualized consideration, incentive fairness, and development opportunities warrant managerial attention. Job satisfaction was positively associated with retention in both the path model and regression outputs, with coefficients of 0.773 and 0.865, respectively, and p < 0.001. However, the direct leadership–retention relationship differed between outputs, preventing a consistent conclusion about the direct effect and mediation. The findings highlight the relevance of job satisfaction to employees' attitudes toward remaining with their organizations. Leadership development should be accompanied by concrete improvements in employees' work experiences. Interpretation is limited by the cross-sectional design, nonprobability sampling, and inconsistencies in the inferential outputs. The retention measure captures employee attitudes and intentions rather than longitudinally observed employment continuity.]]>
<![CDATA[BEYOND GREEN PRACTICES: WORKFORCE AGILITY AS A STRATEGIC PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ]]>
<![CDATA[Noornissa Sarah Ginanjar]]>;
<![CDATA[Arissetyanto Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Derriawan Derriawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23862033
<![CDATA[Ecotourism sustainability is essential for managing natural tourist destinations, which face challenges related to environmental preservation, community empowerment, and economic viability. This study examines how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Green Leadership, and Green Organizational Culture support ecotourism sustainability, with Workforce Agility proposed as a potential mediating factor in ecotourism destinations in West Java, Indonesia. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review methodology to identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant studies on relationships among GHRM practices, environmentally oriented leadership, organizational culture, workforce agility, and ecotourism sustainability. The review will search multiple scientific databases, apply inclusion and exclusion criteria, and systematically select articles following PRISMA guidelines. The theoretical framework explains how GHRM improves employees’ environmental knowledge and skills, Green Leadership promotes environmentally responsible behavior, and Green Organizational Culture embeds sustainability values into daily organizational practices. Workforce Agility is positioned as a mechanism that enables employees to respond effectively to changing conditions and management challenges in ecotourism destinations. The expected outcome is an integrated conceptual framework that can guide future empirical research and inform ecotourism management strategies. These strategies are intended to balance environmental protection, community welfare, and economic sustainability across ecotourism destinations in West Java.]]>
<![CDATA[Cross-National Yoga Training to Improve Social Skills, Concentration, and Health among Orphanage Children in Denpasar and Dili ]]>
<![CDATA[I Wayan Gede Suacana]]>;
<![CDATA[Martinus Nahak Lino]]>;
<![CDATA[I Wayan Sudana]]>;
<![CDATA[I Nyoman Wiratmaja]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Orphanage children may experience psychosocial stress, limited opportunities for structured physical activity, and difficulties maintaining attention in communal living environments. This community engagement program aimed to strengthen social skills, learning concentration, and physical and emotional well-being through an integrated yoga intervention at Dharma Jati II Orphanage in Denpasar, Indonesia, and Santa Clara Orphanage in Dili, Timor-Leste. The program used a participatory and holistic approach combining initial assessment, health and wellness education, practical training, and follow-up evaluation. Core sessions integrated child-adapted yoga asana, pranayama breathing exercises, mindfulness, and loving-kindness meditation. Process evaluation considered attendance, enthusiasm, and performance of the practices, while pre- and post-activity questionnaires and caregiver observations were used to assess changes in focus, social interaction, emotional regulation, and physical complaints. The program was implemented on 7 May 2026 in Denpasar and 10 July 2026 in Dili. The progress evaluation indicated improved understanding of yoga as a universal wellness practice, successful acquisition of basic asana and breathing techniques, greater calmness and learning focus, reduced physical discomfort, and more cooperative and empathetic interactions among participating children. The activity also delivered yoga mats and practical guidance to support independent continuation by the partner institutions. These findings suggest that a culturally adaptable, non-sectarian yoga program can serve as a feasible community-based strategy to promote holistic well-being among children living in orphanage settings.]]>
<![CDATA[Perceived Compensation and Training Practices in Relation to Turnover Intention among Footwear Assembly Workers ]]>
<![CDATA[Indarta Priyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Elia Putri Sari Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Elan Rusnendar]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study examines shared and distinct associations of perceived compensation and training practices with turnover intention among footwear assembly employees. Respondent tables from a 2024 census survey of 50 workers in Majalaya, Indonesia, were reconstructed and reanalysed. Outcome scoring was aligned with construct meaning, and composites were recalculated from 15 items per scale. Ordinary least squares regression was supplemented with HC3 robust inference and response-pattern sensitivity analysis. Mean compensation and training ratings were low (1.723 and 1.788), while turnover intention averaged 4.311. Training had a negative adjusted association (B = −0.651, HC3 95% CI [−1.036, −0.265], p = .0014); compensation’s estimate was imprecise (B = −0.228, HC3 95% CI [−0.652, 0.196], p = .285). The model explained 80.3% of outcome variance, including 68.9 percentage points shared by the predictors. The qualitative pattern persisted in sensitivity analysis. Findings support a contextual training–withdrawal association, without implying that compensation is unimportant. The single-division, cross-sectional design and thesis-derived records limit causal interpretation and generalisation.]]>
<![CDATA[REINTERPRETATION OF MAQASHID SHARIA BASED ON MAṢLAḤAT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC ECONOMICS ]]>
<![CDATA[Muslim Marpaung]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmad Cahyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Faisal Umardani Hasibuan]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Atika]]>;
<![CDATA[Zulkarnaen]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Digital transformation has become inevitable for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. However, MSMEs' preparedness and resilience to digital disruption still vary. According to data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, more than 64 million MSMEs contribute 60% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), yet only a small portion aretruly digitalized. This study aims to analyze the differences in resilience between Sharia-compliant MSMEs and conventional MSMEs in Medan City in facing digital disruption, by examining aspects of adaptation strategies and the values of MaqasidSharia. This research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data from official government reports and scientific publications. The research results show that conventional MSMEsare quicker to adopt digital technology, while Sharia MSMEs have more stable social resilience and customer loyalty due to their ethical and trust-based foundation based on Islamic principles. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of integrating Maqasid Sharia values into MSME digitalization strategies to achieve sustainable economic resilience.]]>
