Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal)
MORFAI This journal will publish research articles or studies that are multidisciplinary in nature, including: education, law, health, agriculture, engineering, energy, technology, and social science. This journal is dedicated to explore and socialize many creative and innovative thought who focus in: Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religion, Theater, etc. Social Science: Geography, Sociology, Education, Political Science, Law, Policy, Social Review, Arts, History, Philosophy, Anthropology Management: Commerce, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Corporate Governance, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Quality Management Training and Development Engineering: Information Technology, Computer Application, Civil Engineering, Machanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics Medical Science: Medicine, Health, Nursing, Clinical Research, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry Biology: Botany, Bioscience, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Clinical Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environment and Ecology, Food Science, Nutrition, Plant Science, Entomology, Zoology, Fisheries Physical Education: Sports, Yoga, Physiotherapy, Physiology, Exercise, Health
Articles
2,142 Documents
<![CDATA[FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINATION OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT BEFORE COMPLETION ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Iman Syahfik Wazan]]>;
<![CDATA[Oryce Zahara]]>;
<![CDATA[Khoirul Anam]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Premature discontinuation of fixed orthodontic treatment may occur before the agreed clinical objectives have been achieved and may compromise treatment continuity. This narrative literature review examines factors potentially associated with discontinuation among patients treated in private dental clinics. Literature published primarily between 2021 and 2026 was considered, with emphasis on orthodontic adherence, appointment attendance, treatment duration, socioeconomic circumstances, patient experience, communication, and retention. The available evidence indicates that adherence is multidimensional and that the factors influencing it are measured inconsistently across studies. Financial affordability, motivation and expectations, discomfort, treatment duration, missed appointments, family support, communication, and access to care are relevant domains for further investigation; However, evidence directly linking each factor to premature discontinuation of fixed appliances remains limited. Findings from studies of removable appliances or retainers should not be generalized uncritically to fixed orthodontic treatment. Private clinics may consider structured pretreatment education, transparent cost information, appointment reminders, systematic follow-up after missed visits, and documentation of discontinuation reasons. These measures should be evaluated using clearly defined clinical and service indicators. A more rigorous review with a reproducible search strategy and primary studies from Indonesia is needed to establish the consistency and magnitude of associations.]]>
<![CDATA[A JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE WHO COMMIT GENERAL CRIMINAL OFFENCES WITHIN THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE ]]>
<![CDATA[Trilestaria Simbolon]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmayanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Police officers who themselves engage in ordinary crimes create a distinctive problem for the justice system, since the people tasked with upholding the law turn into offenders. In the North Sumatra Regional Police area, a number of recent fraud incidents implicating POLRI officers have drawn public scrutiny and prompted doubts about whether every person is truly treated alike under the law. The purpose of this article is to examine which criminal law rules govern POLRI officers accused of ordinary crimes and how those rules are put into practice in North Sumatra. Methodologically, the article combines doctrinal legal analysis with supporting empirical material, drawing on legislation, legal concepts, and actual cases; the sources were gathered from written materials and interpreted qualitatively. The analysis shows that, by virtue of Article 29 of Law Number 2 of 2002, officers accused of ordinary crimes fall under the authority of the ordinary judiciary. Parallel to prosecution, they may face internal discipline and ethics sanctions, which add to rather than substitute for criminal punishment. Nevertheless, several barriers persist in practice, namely institutional solidarity, opaque internal inquiries, and weak cooperation between criminal investigators and Propam. For these reasons, the article argues for more robust outside supervision, greater openness, and an explicit statement that internal penalties never remove criminal responsibility, so that confidence in the police can be restored.]]>
<![CDATA[THE SHIFT IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT’S LEGAL POLICY REGARDING THE DESIGN OF SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 135/PUU-XXII/2024 ]]>
<![CDATA[Syah Afandin]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 alters the design of simultaneous elections in Indonesia by separating National Elections and Regional Elections. Utilizing a normative legal research method with case and conceptual approaches, this article examines the ratio decidendi of the separation and its constitutional implications. The determination of a two to two-and-a-half-year interval is based on considerations regarding the workload of election administrators, the cognitive protection of local voters, and the restoration of political party regeneration functions. The Court's application of the positive legislator function raises discussions concerning the boundaries of judicial authority and the principle of checks and balances, the interpretation of which is maintained in Decision Number 124/PUU-XXIII/2025. During the transitional period, this separation results in a misalignment in the tenure periodization of regional heads and members of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) elected in the 2024 Elections. The restructuring of these regulations requires an open legal policy from lawmakers and the establishment of a specialized judicial body under the Supreme Court to ensure constitutional legal certainty.]]>
<![CDATA[NORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MINISTER OF MANPOWER REGULATION NUMBER 7 OF 2026 CONCERNING OUTSOURCING WORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY OF CONTRACTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Kospiyandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nurhayati]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri Rafianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This article examines, from a normative standpoint, how the 2026 Manpower Ministerial Regulation No. 7 on outsourced work, issued in response to Constitutional Court ruling 168/PUU-XXI/2023, affecting certainty in contractual relations. The regulation reshapes outsourcing in three ways: only six kinds of support activities may now be contracted out, worker-protection clauses become mandatory, and every outsourcing agreement must be registered with the labor office. Using doctrinal legal research that combines statutory and conceptual analysis, the study finds that the regulation cuts both ways. For employees, it strengthens substantive certainty because their statutory entitlements are secured in writing and the room for exploitation narrows. For businesses, however, the narrow list of permitted work and the two-year adjustment window can unsettle long-term service agreements already in force between user firms and outsourcing providers. Aligning termination clauses with clauses that carry worker protection over to a new provider (the TUPE element) is therefore essential to keep industrial disputes in check.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PSYCHIATRISTS AND PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN TELEMEDICINE HEALTH SERVICES ]]>
<![CDATA[Manahap Cerarius Fransiskus Pardosi]]>;
<![CDATA[Redyanto Sidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Tengku Riza Zarzani]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted innovation, leading to changes in systems and lifestyles, such as the emergence of telemedicine in the health sector . Telemedicine is the provision of clinical and non-clinical services in health facilities through telecommunications and digital communication technology. Objective: This research is expected to provide knowledge for the development of better regulations and legal protection in the application of telemedicine for psychiatrists and psychiatric patients in Indonesia. Method: This study uses a normative legal approach, analyzing statutory regulations. The data in this study comes from secondary data used to analyze academic documents sourced from textbooks, journal articles, and legal literature. Then, qualitative data analysis was conducted. Conclusion: Telemedicine regulations in Indonesia are currently limited and scattered across several regulations, including Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 23 of 2020. The development of specific regulations to maintain patient trust in telemedicine can be done by filing complaints with the Indonesian Medical Disciplinary Honorary Council, lawsuits for unlawful acts, settlements through the courts or out of court. Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) in Indonesia, then fines and compensation claims can be imposed in the practice of telemedicine .]]>
<![CDATA[SETTLEMENT OF REGIONAL TAX DISPUTES THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE EFFORTS AT THE REVENUE AGENCY DELI SERDANG REGENCY AREA LEGAL CERTAINTY PERSPECTIVE ]]>
<![CDATA[Eko Gunarso Tamba]]>;
<![CDATA[Tamaulina Br Sembiring]]>;
<![CDATA[Bambang Fitrianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Regional taxes are one of the sources of local revenue that play an important role in supporting regional governance and development. In its implementation, regional tax collection cannot be separated from the possibility of disputes arising between taxpayers and local governments as tax authorities. The settlement of regional tax disputes through administrative remedies serves as an important mechanism to provide legal protection for taxpayers while ensuring legal certainty in the implementation of regional tax administration. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving regional tax disputes through administrative remedies at the Regional Revenue Agency of Deli Serdang Regency and to examine its implementation from the perspective of legal certainty. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The research data were obtained through literature studies and interviews with relevant officials at the Regional Revenue Agency ofDeli Serdang Regency. The results indicate that the settlement of regional tax disputes through administrative remedies is carried out through objection procedures and administrative reviews in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This mechanismprovides an opportunity for taxpayers to obtain administrative justice before pursuing further legal remedies. However, several obstacles remain in its implementation, including limited taxpayer understanding of objection procedures, administrative requirements in submitting applications, and the lack of optimal dissemination of information regarding taxpayers' rights and obligations. From the perspective of legal certainty, the settlement of regional tax disputes through administrative remedies at theRegional Revenue Agency of Deli Serdang Regency has a clear legal basis. Nevertheless, improvements are still required in termsof procedures, transparency, and administrative services to ensure more effective legal protection for taxpayers]]>
<![CDATA[OPTIMIZATION OF POLICE MEMBER CAREER MANAGEMENT BASED ON INTEGRITY IN IMPROVING GUIDANCE PROFESSIONALISM HUMAN RESOURCES (STUDY ON PEMATANGSIANTAR RESORT POLICE) ]]>
<![CDATA[Briski Viktor H. Sinaga]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumarno]]>;
<![CDATA[Ismaidar]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Career management for members of the Indonesian National Police is not merely an administrative mechanism, but a strategicinstrument for fostering professionalism and safeguarding public trust. This article examines how career development for police personnel at the Pematangsiantar Police Resort can be optimized by placing integrity at its core rather than treating it as a mere formal requirement in performance evaluation. Using a juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive method, thestudy combines a review of police-related regulations with field observation of career-development practices. The findings indicate that patterns of transfer, promotion, and placement still tend to rely on seniority and structural proximity, leavingintegrity underutilized as a decisive factor in career decisions. This condition lowers the motivation of high-performing personnel who lack strong networks and creates opportunities for misconduct. The article proposes that optimizing integrity-based career management requires three pillars: transparency in the assessment system, strengthening internal oversight, and cultivating an organizational culture that upholds honesty as a professional identity, so that human resource development within the police produces personnel who are both technically competent and trustworthy to the public they serve.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFER OF RIGHTS TO COLLECT RECEIVABLES THROUGH COLLECTION TRUST DEEDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISPUTES ]]>
<![CDATA[Achmad Fahdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Bambang Fitrianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nurhayati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[The increasingly complex practice of international trade demands effective legal instruments to manage cross-jurisdictional receivable risks. One developing instrument is the Collection Trust Deed (CTD), a deed for the assignment of collection rights from the original creditor to a third party acting as collecting agent or trustee. Issues arise because Indonesia's civil law system does not recognize the concept of trust as developed in common law tradition, despite the fact that CTD has been widely used by foreign export credit insurance institutions such as Sinosure, NEXI, and EXIM Bank in handling defaults by Indonesian importers. This research aims to analyze the legal regulation of collection rights assignment through Collection Trust Deeds in the international trade system, as well as dispute settlement mechanisms and legal protection for creditors. The research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, through examination of the Indonesian Civil Code, Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration, the 1958 New York Convention, the UNCITRAL Convention on the Assignment of Receivables 2001, and the UNIDROIT Principles 2016. The results show that CTD can be qualified as a sui generis agreement valid under the principle of freedom of contract (Article 1338 in conjunction with 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code), dispute resolution is more effectively conducted through international arbitration with enforceability of awards under the 1958 New York Convention, and legal protection for creditors can be enforced through the fiduciary duty of the collecting agent based on the principle of good faith. National legal reform is needed to accommodate modern contractual instruments such as CTD to ensure legal certainty that is responsive to the dynamics of international trade.]]>
<![CDATA[REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT UNDER MINISTERIAL REGULATION NO. 5 OF 2014 AT PTPN 1 REGIONAL 7 PEMATANG KIWAH ]]>
<![CDATA[Bambang Prasetio]]>;
<![CDATA[Moehammad Budhicahyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Aadila Humairoo]]>;
<![CDATA[Desi Puspita Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Mia Erpinda]]>;
<![CDATA[Tastaptyani Kurnia Nufutomo]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[PTPN 1 Regional 7 Pematang Kiwah is a crumb rubber processing unit in Natar District, South Lampung Regency, that generates wastewater with a high organic load. This study identifies wastewater sources and management processes, assesses compliance with effluent standards under Ministerial Regulation No. 5 of 2014, and evaluates factors affecting regulatory implementation. A mixed-methods approach combined in-depth interviews, treatment plant observations, document review, community questionnaires, and laboratory monitoring data for July-December 2025. Wastewater originated from raw-material handling, wet processing, and drying and was treated through an integrated anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic pond system. The overall compliance rate was 97.62%, classified as very good. BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and specific wastewater discharge met the stated limits in all six months. The only exceedance was pH in December 2025, at 9.1 against an upper limit of 9.0. Key performance indicators across technical, operational, administrative, environmental, and social dimensions were rated good to very good. Regulatory implementation was classified as effective within the study framework. Further improvements are needed in pH control, treatment performance, maintenance, environmental audit documentation, and real-time monitoring.]]>
<![CDATA[CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MONEY LAUNDERING INVOLVING THE PROCEEDS OF CORRUPTION FOLLOWING THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL CODE ]]>
<![CDATA[Daud Richardo Siagian]]>;
<![CDATA[Kiki Kristanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ivans Januardy]]>;
<![CDATA[Karlinae D. Bangas]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23936579
<![CDATA[Money laundering offenses stemming from corruption raise legal issues regarding the status of corruption as the predicate offense, the independence of money laundering offenses, and the construction of criminal liability for individuals and corporations following the enactment of the National Criminal Code on January 2, 2026. Previous research has generally addressed money laundering and corruption separately and has not examined the implications of the National Criminal Code for the construction of criminal liability in money laundering resulting from corruption, resulting in a gap in comprehensive research. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of an analysis of the autonomy of money laundering with the systemic changes in the National Criminal Code, covering individual and corporate liability, as well as the burden of proof. The study aims to analyze the legal status of corruption and money laundering following the enactment of the National Criminal Code and to formulate an ideal framework for criminal liability, using a normative legal research method with legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The research findings indicate that as of January 2, 2026, Article 2(1), Article 3, Article 4, and Article 5 of Law No. 8 of 2010 have been superseded by Articles 607 and 608 of the National Criminal Code, while money laundering remains a standalone offense as affirmed by Article 69 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law and Constitutional Court Decision No. 77/PUU-XII/2014. Corporate liability is regulated through the harmonization of Article 6 of Law No. 8 of 2010 with Articles 45–50 of the National Criminal Code, incorporating the concepts of controlling personnel and failure to prevent as new elements. The reverse burden of proof mechanism (Articles 77–78 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law) provides the defendant with the opportunity to explain the origin of assets without eliminating the public prosecutor’s obligation to prove the elements of the criminal offense. Thus, corruption remains the predicate offense, and the amendments to the National Criminal Code do not eliminate this relationship but rather alter the normative framework of criminal liability through the harmonization of provisions between the Anti-Money Laundering Law and the National Criminal Code.]]>
