Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
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<![CDATA[Application of response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) to optimize of green ammonia production using magnetic induction method (MIM) and nanocatalysts ]]>
<![CDATA[Puspitasari, Poppy]]>;
<![CDATA[Mufti, Nandang]]>;
<![CDATA[Fikri, Ahmad Atif]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Deny Yudo]]>;
<![CDATA[Shaharun, Maizatul Shima binti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmah, Anisa Ur]]>;
<![CDATA[Pramono, Diki Dwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Issue in Progress (July-December) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13408
<![CDATA[Ammonia synthesis in conventional industrial plants typically employs fused iron-based catalysts under harsh conditions—temperatures of 400–700°C and pressures exceeding 300 atm—resulting in significant energy consumption. This study investigates the potential of using a Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 catalyst, synthesized under varying sintering temperatures and magnetic field inductions, to enable ammonia synthesis under milder conditions. Additionally, process optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). Catalyst characterization results indicate that the crystallite size of Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 increases with higher sintering temperatures. The catalyst exhibits a near-spherical morphology with notable agglomeration. Magnetic property analysis shows that samples sintered at 700°C and 900°C display ferrimagnetic behavior, while the sample sintered at 1100°C exhibits ferromagnetic characteristics. Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) revealed a maximum reduction peak at 788°C for the catalyst sintered at 1100°C, indicating enhanced reducibility. Ammonia formation was successfully achieved using a Helmholtz coil-assisted synthesis method, where the produced ammonia was captured in acidic and basic media in the form of NH₄OH and (NH₄)₂SO₄, confirming the catalytic activity of Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4. The RSM model demonstrated high accuracy with an R² value of 99.73%, and residual analysis confirmed normal distribution, validating model assumptions. The optimal synthesis parameters determined were a sintering temperature of 700°C, magnetic induction of 0.14 T, and a reaction temperature of 28°C. The minimal deviation between predicted and experimental responses confirms the reliability and predictive accuracy of the quadratic regression model.]]>
<![CDATA[Grape seed oil as a sustainable cutting fluid in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) for enhanced surface roughness and corrosion resistance in 316L stainless steel face milling ]]>
<![CDATA[Widodo, Teguh Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Raharjo, Rudianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Bintarto, Redi]]>;
<![CDATA[Anjasari, Asri]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudiono, Arif]]>;
<![CDATA[Abidin, Muhammad Zaimi Bin Zainal]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Issue in Progress (July-December) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13399
<![CDATA[This work investigates grape seed oil as a green substitute for conventional mineral-based cutting fluids to reach sustainable manufacturing methods. The application of grape seed oil as a cutting fluid in the machining of 316L stainless steel using the MQL method has not been documented in prior research studies. In this work, the study focuses on determining the effect of the grape seed oil on the surface integrity and comparing these findings to standard dry machining conditions by examining surface topography, roughness, and corrosion resistance at three different spindle speeds (1500, 1800, and 2100 rpm). Results of experiments showed that grape seed oil greatly improved surface quality and corrosion resistance. Surface roughness dropped noticeably by 61.6% at 1500 rpm as opposed to dry machining. Likewise, changes in surface roughness noted were 54.0% at 1800 rpm and 54.9% at 2100 rpm. Furthermore, the potentiodynamic polarization data show that the grape seed oil greatly prevents post-machining corrosion of 316 L stainless steel. The corrosion rates of the material face milled using grape seed oil were decreased by 78.6%, 74.6%, and 80.8% at spindle speeds of 1500, 1800, and 2100 rpm, respectively, when compared with dry face milling. These results indicate that grape seed oil demonstrates its ability as a cutting fluid even for high-speed machining operations. Hence, grape seed oil can address industrial demands for more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods.]]>
<![CDATA[Multi-objective optimization of SS 410 CNC plasma cutting using RSM, ANN, MOGA, and MOALO ]]>
<![CDATA[Sari, Wanda Rulita]]>;
<![CDATA[Saputro, Bayu Aji]]>;
<![CDATA[Gunawan, Gunawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muzhoffar, Dimas Angga Fakhri]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.11646
<![CDATA[This study focuses on optimizing the CNC plasma cutting process for Stainless Steel 410 alloy, a type of martensitic stainless steel known for its high strength, hardness, and good corrosion resistance, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) combined with advanced optimization methods. Key input variables, including cutting current, speed, and torch height, were systematically analyzed to enhance cutting efficiency by minimizing machining time and surface roughness while maximizing material removal rate. The experimental approach utilized a Central Composite Design (CCD) with 18 trials and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to validate linear models as optimal predictors for response variables. Results indicate that cutting speed significantly influences machining time and material removal rate, while cutting current and torch height also influence surface roughness. To improve prediction accuracy and explore the parameter space beyond experimental trials, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were implemented, demonstrating superior predictive capabilities compared to RSM alone. Moreover, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer (MOALO) were employed to refine optimization outcomes, addressing trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The optimal configuration, identified as a cutting current of 85.31 A, a speed of 1500 mm/min, and a torch height of 5 mm, achieved a machining time of 0.665 minutes, a surface roughness of 1.77 μm, and a material removal rate of 77.08 g/min. These findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating statistical methods with machine learning and advanced optimization algorithms for precision manufacturing. The study offers a comprehensive framework for improving process efficiency and quality in CNC plasma cutting, catering to the growing demand for high-performance cutting techniques in the steel industry.]]>
<![CDATA[Experimental study on a new prototype design of electric bus vehicle structure under torsion loading conditions ]]>
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Budi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumarsono, Danardono Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Karmiadji, Djoko Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhitya, Mohammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Kristianto, Stevanus Brian]]>;
<![CDATA[Deprian, Lukyawan Pama]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13559
<![CDATA[Vehicles commonly encounter uneven road conditions, which can lead to torsional deformation of the frame structure. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) indicate that the highest stress occurs under torsion loading conditions. To validate these simulation results, an experimental study was conducted involving static load testing under torsional loading conditions on a hybrid frame structure, composed of SS 400 carbon steel and 6061 aluminum alloy, designed for a 70-passenger electric bus. The test was performed by applying a static load of 6,825 kg as sandbags on the seating area and aisle, and supporting the frame on three wheels only. Strain measurements were recorded using 28 strain gauges: 20 on the SS 400 carbon steel underframe and 8 on the 6061 aluminum alloy structure of the side and roof frames. The total load was the weight of 70 passengers plus a 30% dynamic load factor. Experimental analysis revealed a maximum stress value of 76.42 MPa in the SS 400 carbon steel of the underframe at location 9 in the central section of the underframe. In the 6061 aluminum alloy structure, the maximum stress value of 15.56 MPa was obtained in the roof frame directly below the air conditioner unit. Overall, the measured stress values were within the elastic ranges of the materials used, demonstrating structural integrity under load. The average difference between the experimental results for stress and the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was approximately 11.21%.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of calcination temperature on the thermo-structural behavior and morphology of natural clay for eco-friendly composite applications ]]>
<![CDATA[Syafri, Edi]]>;
<![CDATA[Salman, Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Jamaluddin, Jamaluddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Nasmi Herlina]]>;
<![CDATA[Suteja, Suteja]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14144
<![CDATA[Natural clay is a low-cost and abundant material with potential as a sustainable filler in composite applications. Although natural clay has been widely explored as a sustainable filler material, systematic studies correlating calcination temperature with simultaneous thermal, structural, and morphological evolution remain limited. This study aims to evaluate how different calcination temperatures affect the thermal, structural, morphological, and physical properties of natural clay to determine its suitability for eco-friendly composite use. Clay powders were thermally treated at 600 °C (CCB), 700 °C (CCG), and 800 °C (CCM), and comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and physical testing. The results indicate that increasing calcination temperature significantly enhances crystallinity, and thermal stability, with the CCM sample (800 °C) exhibiting the most pronounced improvements. The CCM sample, calcined at 800 °C, exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72%), the lowest water absorption, the most compact microstructure, and the highest bulk density (6100 ± 40 kg/m³). TGA revealed improved thermal resistance up to 600 °C, with increasing char residue values from 38.2% (raw) to 48.2% (CCM), indicating enhanced thermal stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the reduction of hydroxyl and carbonate groups, particularly in the CCM sample. SEM observations showed a transformation from porous, irregular morphologies in raw clay to dense and homogeneous particles after calcination. These findings confirm that high-temperature calcined clay, especially the CCM sample, presents excellent potential as a sustainable filler material for high-performance green composites.]]>
<![CDATA[Igniting the flame, maximizing energy: The effectiveness of nutmeg oil as a bioadditive in B20 droplet combustion ]]>
<![CDATA[Subagyo, Rachmat]]>;
<![CDATA[Tamjidilah, Mastiadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ghofur, Abdul]]>;
<![CDATA[Siswanto, Rudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ma'ruf, Ma'ruf]]>;
<![CDATA[Wardoyo, Wardoyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Muchsin, Muchsin]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomo, Purnomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggono, Atma Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadillah, Faisal]]>;
<![CDATA[Putra, Anugrah Perdana]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14499
<![CDATA[This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of adding nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans) as a bioadditive on the combustion characteristics of Biosolar B20 fuel droplets, addressing its inherent drawbacks such as longer ignition delay and incomplete combustion. Nutmeg oil iss selected due to its high oxygenated compound content and potential to enhance combustion efficiency and ignition quality. Key parameters examined include ignition delay time, combustion duration, burning rate, flash point, flame height, and peak temperature during the combustion process. Nutmeg oil was added in volumes ranging from 1 to 5 mL to the B20 mixture, and the combustion experiments were carried out using a droplet-based method to observe ignition and burning behavior under controlled conditions. The results showed that the addition of nutmeg oil significantly reduced the ignition delay time from 6.74 seconds (pure B20) to 1.38 seconds (5 mL nutmeg oil), along with decreases in combustion duration and flash point. Conversely, the burning rate increased from 0.53 mm²/s to 1.04 mm²/s, and the maximum temperature rose from 409.4°C to 553.3°C. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in active volatile compounds such as α-pinene and myristicin, which enhanced the combustion process. ANOVA and Tukey HSD statistical tests confirmed that the differences among treatments were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Overall, this study highlights the potential of nutmeg oil–blended B20 fuel for practical engine applications and its contribution to sustainable energy development.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of deposition current on bead geometry characteristics of low carbon steel single wall structure fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing ]]>
<![CDATA[Wicaksono, Danny]]>;
<![CDATA[Baskoro, Ario Sunar]]>;
<![CDATA[Guarsa, Nicholas Ego]]>;
<![CDATA[Kiswanto, Gandjar]]>;
<![CDATA[Junaidi, Syarif]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14623
<![CDATA[Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is gaining popularity due to its ability to produce large metal parts quickly and efficiently. It produces less waste and has a more efficient production time than subtractive manufacturing. However, those capabilities come with unavoidable disadvantages, post-processing by machining becomes necessary to achieve the desired product dimension. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the bead geometry and utilization area of the WAAM-fabricated structure by varying the deposition current. The wall-structured specimens were fabricated using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with motorized drivers for x, y, and z coordinates. The material used in this research was low carbon steel ER70S-6 filler metal with ASTM A36 low carbon steel substrate. The Varying parameter was deposition current with other related process parameters remaining constant. Material testing and characterization techniques included geometric measurement by profile projector plotted into a scattered diagram, and the cross section of the specimens were observed using a digital microscope. The experiment resulted in increased bead dimension in width and height along with increased deposition current. The largest bead dimension was achieved in 180A deposition current with average bead width and height was 6.84 mm and 1.6 mm respectively. The best deposition current was 160A, with highest area utilization of 81.43% and width uniformity.]]>
<![CDATA[Systematic literature review on autonomous ground vehicles for airport operations: Challenges, risks, and technological innovations ]]>
<![CDATA[Gusti, Ayudhia Pangestu]]>;
<![CDATA[Bowo, Ludfi Pratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurnia, Siti Hidayanti Mutia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramadhan, Prastya Rizky]]>;
<![CDATA[Sulastri, Tetty]]>;
<![CDATA[Handoyo, Tris]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugroho, Sinung]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Indra]]>;
<![CDATA[Subaryata, Subaryata]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiguna, I Kadek Candra Parmana]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14635
<![CDATA[This systematic literature review explores the integration of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) into airport operations, focusing on key challenges, associated risks, and enabling technological innovations. The adoption of AGVs promises significant improvements in efficiency, safety, and sustainability across tasks such as baggage handling, aircraft towing, and runway maintenance. However, deploying AGVs in the dynamic, complex environments of airports presents significant obstacles, including challenges related to perception accuracy, sensor limitations, real-time decision-making, and cyber security risks. We applied the PRISMA methodology to screen 206 peer-reviewed articles from major databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. After screening, 14 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight the importance of advanced perception systems, multi-agent coordination, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms in enhancing AGVs performance. Furthermore, emerging innovations such as sensor fusion, transfer learning, and simulation-based development have proven effective in improving reliability and operational efficiency. This review contributes to current understanding of AGVs applications in airports and provides practical insights and recommendations for future research and development.]]>
<![CDATA[Experimental investigation of two-phase flow characteristics of nitrogen-CMC solution and nitrogen-XG solution in A 0.8 mm X 0.8 mm square capillary tube in a horizontal position ]]>
<![CDATA[Sudarja, Sudarja]]>;
<![CDATA[Deendarlianto, Deendarlianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukamta, Sukamta]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi, Rahmad Kuncoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Yudha, Fitroh Anugrah Kusuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Arizona, Rafil]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15041
<![CDATA[Two-phase gas–liquid flow in small channels is important in mini/micro heat exchangers, flow chemistry and hydrogen transport subsystems (such as fuel cell manifolds and electrolysers), which require control of pressure loss and stable regimes. However, there is still a limited database of combinations of nitrogen gas and non-Newtonian fluids in square capillary pipes, even though shear-thinning properties can shift the transition map and increase sensitivity to superficial velocity. This study aims to address this issue by experimentally characterizing pressure gradients and flow patterns. Methods include testing nitrogen–polymer solutions in horizontal 0.8 × 0.8 mm square capillary tubes. The test fluids are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG), at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4% by mass. The operating range included gas superficial velocity (JG) of 0.3–7.8 m/s and liquid superficial velocity (JL) of 0.03–1 m/s. The pressure gradient (Δp/L) was measured differentially, while the interface configuration was recorded for regime identification and flow pattern mapping. The results show that JL primarily controls the base level of Δp/L, while JG triggers a further increase once the transition threshold has been passed. Increasing the concentration from 0.2% to 0.4% raised Δp/L in all JG–JL combinations and advanced the transition. XG exhibited stronger shear thinning than CMC, resulting in a generally lower Δp/L, narrower churn regions and a more gradual transition from slug to annular flow. Flow pattern maps confirm the presence of a bubbly/plug domain at low JG, churn at medium and high JG–JL combinations, and annular flow at low JL and high JG. These findings provide an operating window to avoid churn and direct the system towards either stable bubbly/plug or stable annular flow. This is highly relevant for designing low- to medium-pressure hydrogen transport systems in small channels.]]>
