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Automotive Experiences

AutomotiveExperiences
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Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

ISSN : 26156202 EISSN : 26156636 DOI : 10.31603/ae

Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical skills; and Transportation policies, systems, and road users behavior.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Otomotif

Articles 221 Documents

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Experimental Study on the Effect of Nano Additives γAl2O3 and Equivalence Ratio to Bunsen Flame Characteristic of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Setyo Pambudi; Nasrul Ilminnafik; Salahuddin Junus; Muh Nurkoyim Kustanto
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Nano γAl2O3 has been one of the nanometal oxides that has improved the characteristics of biodiesel. The effect of γAl2O3 nanoparticles addition on premixed flame combustion is investigated with an experiment on the laminar flame speed of Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester 30% and 70% petrodiesel mixtures, at atmospheric pressure and preheated temperature T = 473K. The γAl2O3 nanoparticles added to CIME30 biodiesel were 0ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, and 300ppm. Experiments were carried out on a bunsen burner. The equivalent ratio of the mixture between ϕ = 0.67 to 1.17. Experiments revealed that the addition of nanoparticles to CIME30 biodiesel expands the flammability limit and increases the laminar flame speed. CIME30 without nanoparticles, flame stable between ϕ = 0,76 -1,17. CIME30 with nanoparticles, flame stable between ϕ = 0,67 -1,17. Combustion of CIME30 required a lot of air. The highest laminar flame speed occurred at the equivalent ratio ϕ = 0.83. The highest laminar flame speed of CIME30 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm were 30.77, 34.50, 35.90, 38.45 cm/s respectively. The higher the nano γAl2O3 concentration the higher the laminar flame speed. This occurs due to the catalytic effect of γAl2O3 on biodiesel and its mixtures.

Comparative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Fuel and Refuse Derived Fuel in the Gasification Process Using Multi Stage Downdraft Gasifier Sigit Mujiarto; Bambang Sudarmanta; Hamzah Fansuri; Arif Rahman Saleh
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a type of general waste that includes households, traditional markets, commercial areas, and the rest from public facilities, schools, offices, roads, and so on. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is obtained from the remnants of MSW which cannot be used anymore, which is flammable waste and is separated from parts that are difficult to burn through the process of chopping, sifting, and air classification. RDF has potential as an alternative energy source. In this study, RDF fuel was compared with MSW fuel both by proximate and calorific value, then the gasification process was carried out using a multi-stage downdraft gasifier to see gasification performance indicators such as syngas composition, LHV, cold gas efficiency, and tar concentration. The results showed that the gasification performance indicator for MSW biomass resulted in the syngas composition of CO = 19.08% v, H2 = 10.89% v, and CH4 = 1.54% v. The calorific value (Low Heating Value, LHV ) of syngas is 4,137 kJ/kg, cold gas efficiency is 70.14%, and tar content is 57.29 mg/Nm3. Meanwhile, RDF obtained the composition of CO gas: 18.68% v, H2: 9.5446% v, and CH4: 0% v. The maximum LHV syngas is 3365.08 kJ/kg, cold gas efficiency is 57.19 % and the smallest tar content is 80.24 mg/Nm3. When compared to RDF, MSW produces a better gasification performance indicator. However, RDF can still be used as an alternative energy source using the gasification process. The results of this study can be used to optimize the further RDF gasification process.

Effect Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol on the Emissions Characteristics of Gasoline Engine Syarifudin Syarifudin; Firman Lukman Sanjaya; Faqih Fatkhurrozak; M. Khumaidi Usman; Yohanes Sibagariang; Hasan Köten
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

The increasing volume of motorized vehicles leads to an increase in dependence on fossil fuels and an increase in air pollution. The problem can be reduced by utilizing renewable alcohol fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol. The high number of octane and oxygen content is the main reason. Therefore, this study aims to observe the exhaust emissions of the 160 cc gasoline engine with a mixture of methanol, ethanol, and butanol. The percentage of alcohol used is 0 % to 30 % by volume. The test was carried out in 2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm. The results of the study explained that the use of methanol, ethanol, butanol in the fuel mixture was proven to reduce exhaust emissions. CO and HC emissions decreased as the percentage of alcohol in the fuel increased. The highest reduction in CO and HC emission in methanol blended fuel was 30 %, 94.55 % and 82.71 %, respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions increased by 34.88 % at 2000 rpm engine speed. Based on this test, the addition of methanol to fuel can reduce exhaust emissions better than ethanol and butanol.

Synthesis and Characterization of Diesel Lubricity Enhancer through Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil with 1,2-Ethanediol Yulfi Zetra; Sovia Masfuri Walidatus Sholihah; R. Y. Perry Burhan; R. Arizal Firmansyah
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Desulphurization of diesel fuel is necessary to be done to reduce sulphur content in the air. However, the desulphurization process will reduce the lubrication properties of diesel fuel. In order to overcome the problem, it needs bioadditive to improve the lubricity. Lubricity of diesel fuel can be improved by the subsistence of chemical compound that is hydroxyethyl esther (HEE). HEE is synthesized through the transesterification reaction of palm oil (triglycerides) and 1,2 ethanediol at 150 °C for 5 hours and K2CO3 catalyst as well. The conversion of TG into the products is 72.90%. The characterization using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) indicates that the chemical compound in synthesis products comprise free fatty acids, hydroxyethyl esters and by-products. The obtained products can be used as bioadditives to improve the lubricity of diesel fuel.

The Simulation of Performance and Emissions from Rapeseed and Soybean Methyl Ester in Different Injection Pressures Annisa Bhikuning
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Biodiesel is one of the promising alternative fuels of the future that is environmentally friendly. Biodiesel can be produced from rapeseed, soybeans, coconut oil, jatropha and many others. It is important to analyze the effect of comparison between diesel fuel and biodiesel to study the effect of combustion and emissions of these fuels. In this research, the simulation of combustion and emission is done with Diesel RK. Three fuels are studied; diesel fuel, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and soybean methyl ester (SME). The engine was simulated at 2000 rpm and the injection pressures were 944, 1191, 1297, 1420 and 1729 bar respectively. The results show that the specific fuel consumption (SFC), particulate matter (PM), and CO2 emissions of diesel fuel are relatively the same for different injection pressures. However, the SFC, PM and CO2 emissions for rapeseed methyl ester and soybean methyl ester decrease with increasing injection pressure. These results can prove that higher injection pressures in diesel engines can improve combustion and reduce emissions of biodiesel fuel as compared to diesel fuel.

Synthesis of Bio-additive for Low Sulphur Diesel: Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Ethylene Glycol using K2CO3 Catalyst Rhiby Ainur Basit Hariyanto; R. Arizal Firmansyah; R. Y. Perry Burhan; Yulfi Zetra
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

The desulphurization process of diesel fuel is carried out to reduce the amount of SO2 emissions that can cause acid rain. However, the desulphurization process in diesel fuel not only removes the sulfur compounds but polyaromatic and polar compounds are also eliminated during this process. The loss of these two compounds can reduce the lubricity properties of diesel fuel. Therefore, it is necessary to add an additive compound that can increase the lubricity properties. In this research, 2-hydroxyethyl ester (HEE) was synthesized as an additive to increase the lubricity of diesel fuel. This compound was synthesized through the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and ethylene glycol with K2CO3 as the base catalyst. The composition of the synthesized additives was analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of GC-MS spectrum analysis, it is known that the 2-hydroxyethyl ester compound has been formed with a yield of 66.5% (relative to the area of the chromatogram peak). The HEE compound obtained is a mixture of 2 hydroxyethyl palmitate, 2 hydroxyethyl linoleate, 2 hydroxyethyl stearate, 2 hydroxyethyl arachidonate, 2 hydroxyethyl nervate, and 2 hydroxyethyl behenate.

Static and Dynamic Performance of Vector Control on Induction Motor with PID Controller: An Investigation on LabVIEW Abdillah Aziz Muntashir; Era Purwanto; Bambang Sumantri; Hanif Hasyier FAkhruddin; Raden Akbar Nur Apriyanto
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

A three-phase induction motor is often used in everyday life because of its high reliability. However, it is associated with some disadvantages, including difficulties in maintaining constant speed during load changes and speed regulation due to the decoupled system. Therefore, this study aims to adjust the three-phase induction motor control to become a separate amplifier DC motor by setting the vector control using the IFOC method, which changes the coupled to the decoupled system. The speed settings are equipped with a PID controller where its parameters, which are obtained using Ziegler Nichols, produce speed output with fast research time and small steady-state errors. This research was conducted to observe and analyze the performance of a controller based on the IFOC approach with a PID controller at speed differences, with static and dynamic conditions in the entire speed working area. In the first stage of the research, simulation is carried out with static conditions, namely changes in speed variations throughout the work area (low speed to high speed), the next stage is a simulation with dynamic conditions, which is to provide changes in the value of the load torque when the system is operating. The simulation result carried out with LabVIEW shows a response time of 1.13 ms, a settling time of 9.9 ms, and a steady error of 0.4% at the 500 Rpm set point. It also indicated dynamic characteristics with a recovery time of 4.9 ms at the 300 Rpm set point. When operated at low speed, IFOC with PID controller has a stable response. But In dynamic conditions, the use of a PID controller is considered unsuitable. This is because the PID controller is less fast and less robust in responding to the system when conditions change in the value of the load torque.

The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto; Siti Nur Hofifah; Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang; Silmi Ridwan Putri; Bentang Arief Budiman; Farid Triawan; Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

This study aims to investigate the effect of rice husks’ particle size on resin-based brake pad performance (i.e. compressive strength, puncture strength, mass loss, wear rate, friction coefficient, and heat resistance). Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and cycloaliphatic amine were mixed to form resin and used as the brake pad's base material. In the experiment, rice husk with a specific particle size (i.e., 250, 500, dan 1000 μm) was added to the resin. Rice husk has received considerable interest due to its lignin, cellulose, and silica content, making it suitable as friction material due to its ceramic-like behavior. The experimental results showed small rice husk particles improved compressive strength, puncture strength, and bulk density. This can be obtained from the analysis of the maximum compressive strength for brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 μm having values of 0.238; 0.173; and 0.144 MPa, respectively. In contrast, large particles formed coarse surfaces and pores, decreased mass loss rate, and improve friction properties (i.e. wear rate, friction coefficient). The friction coefficient values of brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 µm were, respectively, 0.2075; 0.2070; and 0.3379. Particle size affected interpacking, interfacial bonding, pores number and size, thermal softening, mechanical properties, and friction properties of the brake pad. Comparison between the prepared resin-based and commercial brake pad was also done, confirming the utilization of agro-waste as a potential alternative for friction material in the brake pad.

The Response of Adding Nanocarbon to the Combustion Characteristic of Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) Droplets Ena Marlina; Mochammad Basjir; Rully Dyah Purwati
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

One of the strong candidates for biodiesel is Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) but its high viscosity cannot be applied directly without treatment. Therefore, nanocarbon is added to reduce the viscosity of CCO. Nanocarbon is a natural material with semiconductor properties, a good heat conductor, and can attract other molecules. By adding nanocarbon, it is expected to reduce the viscosity of CCO. This study aimed to determine the combustion characteristics of droplets on CCO by adding nanocarbon by 1% and 5%. The method used was a true experiment with droplets, which dripped on the thermocouple with activation energy from the heater. The results showed that CCO burned 0.933s with a droplet diameter of 4.307mm, droplet diameter of 5.472 mm. By adding 5% nanocarbon to CCO, the CCO burned faster, more reactive, and the ignition was shorter than the pure CCO and 1% CCO.

Influence Temperature and Holding Time of Empty Fruit Bunch Slow Pyrolysis to Phenolic in Biocrude Oil Anton Irawan; Teguh Kurniawan; Hafid Alwan; Darisman Darisman; Dina Pujianti; Yazid Bindar; Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar; Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Indonesia has an abundance of biomass from agricultural, plantation, and domestic waste products. Biomass can be converted into fuels and chemicals that are environmentally friendly. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are biomass from abundant palm oil processing. Pyrolysis was a thermal process with free oxygen at temperatures between 400-600°C. Generally, pyrolysis was carried out under fast pyrolysis to produce a product that leads to bio-crude oil. One of the main components of bio-crude oil was phenol, which had been produced from further processing of crude oil. With the limitations of crude oil, the production of phenol from biomass pyrolysis was an option for the future, especially for fuels and fuel additives. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of heating rate, temperature pyrolysis, and holding time on pyrolysis products including phenols in bio-crude oil. Slow pyrolysis of EFB was performed at various parameters, including temperatures (400, 450, and 500°C) and holding time (5, 10, and 15 min). Slow pyrolysis of oil palm EFB with variations in temperature and holding time has been carried out by producing liquid between (40 - 42 %weight), gas (19 – 21 % weight), and solid products (38 – 39 % weight). Biocrude oil liquid product showed the highest yield compared to biochar and bio pyrolysis gas. Temperature plays an important role in controlling the production of bio-crude oil as a liquid product, including a component in bio-crude oil. Phenol recovery was more affected by temperature instead of holding time.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

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Google Scholar

Contact Name Muji Setiyo

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Phone +6282330623257

Journal Mail Official autoexp@unimma.ac.id

Editorial Address Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jl. Bambang Soegeng KM. 4 Mertoyudan Magelang, Telp/Faks : (0293) 326945

Location Kab. magelang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Muji Setiyo

Contact Email
muji@unimma.ac.id

Phone
+6282330623257

Journal Mail Official
autoexp@unimma.ac.id

Editorial Address
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jl. Bambang Soegeng KM. 4 Mertoyudan Magelang, Telp/Faks : (0293) 326945

Location
Kab. magelang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA