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The Effect of Sublethal Concentration of Phosphamidon on Tissue Damage of Nile Fish (Oreochromis niloticliS Trew.) T Efrizal; Heru Setijanto; Djamar Tumpal F. Lumbanbatu; Yuhara Sukra
Media Veteriner Vol. 5 No. 4 (1998): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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The effect of sublethal concentrations of phosphamidon on tissue damage of nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus Trew.) were studied at the Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Physiology Faculty of Fisheries and at the Laboratory of Anatomy F aculty of Veterinary Medicine Institut Pertanian Bogor. Renewal test method with 40 % of the media renewed everyday was used for the examination of the sublethal toxicity. Each test consisted of 30 nile fish in 15 1 water. The concentrations of phosphamidon used in this study was 0 mg/l (control group), 3.7 mg/l, 7.4 mg/l, dan 11.0 mg/l, respectively, and all groups were repeated three times. Histopathologically, the gill yielded secondary lamella damages, necrosis, hipertrophy, fusion lamella and degeneration of cartilaginous supportive tissue. The intestine showed necrosis of mucous cells, hipertrophy, bleeding in the lamina propria, and proliferation of connective tissue. In the hepatopancreas organ there were bleeding, infiltration of leucocytes and proliferation of connective tissue.

Native Virus Challenge Test Against Vaccinated Chickens With Commercial Active and Inactive IBD Vaccines Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
Media Veteriner Vol. 5 No. 4 (1998): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Vaccination trial were conducted on two groups of broiler day-old-chick (DOC) using active and inactive IBD vaccines. First Group was further divided into two groups: one received active IBD vaccination at 7 days of age, and the other received oral vaccination at 7 and 21 days of age, respectively. Both subgroups were then challenged against native IBD isolate, K-5, at 21 days of age. The second Group was arranged similar to the first group, but the second Group received inactive IBD vaccination subcutaneously, at 21 days of age. At 35 days of age, all chickens were challenged against native IBD isolate, K-5. The group which received active vaccine showed pathological change of the bursa, correlated to the bursa/body weight indices less than 0.70 (20 %) and the bursa lesion score (BLS) was 1.56. This pathological change was more obvious after second application of the vaccine. The group which received active and inactive vaccines revealed immune responses with mild lesion in the bursa. This im-munity could not protect the chickens after challenged with K-5 isolate, correlated to the bursa/body weight indices less than 0.70 (100 %) and BLS was 4.0. This results show that K-5 isolate belong to different subtype or variant.

Infection of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Pig Indrawati Sendow
Media Veteriner Vol. 5 No. 4 (1998): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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TransmissIble gastroenteritis (TGE) virus belong to corona virus which cause acute diarrhoea in under two years old young pig, especially young piglets. The pigs experience severe loss of body fluid which can lead to death. To prevent the disease, vaccination is a must, but the vaccine available at present is not effective. It is quite difficult to diagnose TGE clinically and diarrhoea could be due to other agents, i.e. bacterial, parasite and another viral infections. A comprehensive conclusion of laboratory examination, pathological finding, and clinical signs in the field can lead to definitive diagnose of TGE. A review about the disease, causative agent, characteristic of the agent, clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnose, control and prevention, and the occurrence in Indonesia based on serological result is presented.

Relation Between Encapsulation of Streptococci of Serological Group B and Adherence Properties of The Bacteria to Deae-Sephacel Christoph Lammler; I Wayan Teguh Wibawan; Fachriyan H Pasaribu
Media Veteriner Vol. 5 No. 4 (1998): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Determination of surface charge of group B streptococci by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel revealed that bovine and human group B streptococcal isolates with protein surrface antigens alone, or bacteria with protein antigen in combination with polysacharide antigens, adhered strongly to the gel matrix. In contrary, cultures with polysacchaide antigens alone showed no comparable adherence properties. Removal of neuraminic acid from bacterial surface enhanced, but pronase treatment reduced the adherence values. The importance of type specific capsular sialylation for group B streptococcal surface charge could be confirmed with group B streptococci of serotype III and their transposon mutagenized asialocapsular mutants. In contrary to the encapsulated parent strains the asialo capsular mutants adhered strongly to the gel matrix. Comparable differences were observed with unencapsulated group B streptococcal variant strains and its isogenic encapsulated parent strains. The capsule material seemed to mask the surface proteins responsible for the adherence to the gel matrix. The determination of surface charge of group B streptococci by ion exchange chromatography might help to understand the importance of capsular sialylation for individual isolates of this bacterial species.

The Use of Direct Transfer Method on Embryo Cryopreservation in Dairy Cattle Iman Supriatna; Tuty Laswardi yusuf; Bambang Purwantara; Gozali Moekti; Lies Parede Hernomoadi
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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The experiment was carried out to study the use of direct transfer method in embryo cryopreservation by using two cryoprotectants and the effectivity of various concentrations of sucrose during cryoprotectant removal. Eighty-fourmorula stage embryos were divided equally into two groups and were treated by using 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) and 1.5 M 1,2-propanediol as cryoprotectant. The embryos were frozen using programmable embryo freezing machine on step by step decreasing temperature. Frozen embryos were thawed and cryoprotectants were removed either without sucrose (0 M) or with sucrose in concentration of 0.2 M, 0.4 M and 0,8 M. The results showed that the quality of the thawed embryos cryopreserved using 1.5 M EG was better than that using 1.5 M PROH. The survival rate on the embryos cryopreserved with 1.5 M EG (92.8%) was higher than 1.5 M PROH (78.6%) (P0.05). The viability of embryos exposed to 0 M, 0.2 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose were 80.0, 80.8, 90.9 and 81.80% respectively. In contrast, by using 1.5 M PROH, rehydration with 0.4 M (83.3%) and 0,8 M (90.0%) sucrose was significantly better compared to those without (22.2%) or with 0.2 M (36.3%) sucrose (p

Forty healthy and non-pregnant Fries Holland dairy cows which had received oestrus synchronization were divided randomly into four experimental groups. Artificial inseminations (AI) were implemented 8-10 hours post estrous using frozen semen from the same breed. The first three groups were injected with 100, 150 and 200 mg medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) i.m., respectively, three days post AI, while the other group was injected with placebo as control group. Madura cattle embryos were transfe Imam Mustofa; Laba Mahaputra; Pudji Srianto; Suzanita Utama
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Forty healthy and non-pregnant Fries Holland dairy cows which had received oestrus synchronization were divided randomly into four experimental groups. Artificial inseminations (AI) were implemented 8-10 hours post estrous using frozen semen from the same breed. The first three groups were injected with 100, 150 and 200 mg medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) i.m., respectively, three days post AI, while the other group was injected with placebo as control group. Madura cattle embryos were transfered contralaterally seven days post AI. The percentage of pregnancy in groups which had received 100 and 150 mg MPA was 37.5%r, and in group received 200 mg MPA and control was 55.6%, and 60%, (P>0.05), respectively. Calving percentages of the 100, 150, 200 mg MPA and the control groups were 25,37.5,55.6 and 60% respectively (P>0.05). All birth gave single calve.

Sixteen isolates of group C streptococci taken during outbreak in pigs and monkeys in Bali were examined for their haemaglutination activities using 2% erythrocyte suspension from pigs. Five isolates (31,25%) showed very strong (++) result with geometric titer mean of 22.8, other isolates (31,25%) gave strong (+) results with geometric titer mean of 22 and the remain six isolates (37,5%) showed weak or negative haemagglutination activities. Nonencapsulated bacteria yielded haemagglutination acti Iwan Harjono Utama; I Ketut Berata; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana; I Nengah Kerta Besung; Agnes Endang Tri H
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Sixteen isolates of group C streptococci taken during outbreak in pigs and monkeys in Bali were examined for their haemaglutination activities using 2% erythrocyte suspension from pigs. Five isolates (31,25%) showed very strong (++) result with geometric titer mean of 22.8, other isolates (31,25%) gave strong (+) results with geometric titer mean of 22 and the remain six isolates (37,5%) showed weak or negative haemagglutination activities. Nonencapsulated bacteria yielded haemagglutination activities stronger than encapsulated. Treatments with heating up to 90 °C, HCl extraction and opsonization reduced haemagglutination titers.

Throughout the developing world, working animals are still vital important power bases of the small farmers' systems of production and transportation. With economic development, there is a growing interest in the animals for pleasure purposes, not only for aesthetic value but also for sport requiring speed and stamina for racing and other physical performances. An understanding of the physiology of exercise of animals is therefore needed including practical application such as to evaluate c Djokowoerjo Sastradipradja; I Ketut Sumadi; I Gede Mahardika
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Throughout the developing world, working animals are still vital important power bases of the small farmers' systems of production and transportation. With economic development, there is a growing interest in the animals for pleasure purposes, not only for aesthetic value but also for sport requiring speed and stamina for racing and other physical performances. An understanding of the physiology of exercise of animals is therefore needed including practical application such as to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and information on training for improvement in health related fitness and performance. Under the existing local condition, success have been reached to record heart rate of animals telemetrically over extended periods, and to measure longterm body energy expenditures of large animals (buffalo) involving energy balance approaches and ill vivo body composition measurements by the water displacement method. These measurements enable the development of a modest practical fitness guideline for exercising swamp/ water buffalo, e.g. V02 = (0.1 X + 3.4) ml/min/kg BW for walking, and V02 =(0.2 X + 3.4) ml/min/kg BW for trot at 100-250 m/min speed. This value at a given speed offers a measure of running economy. The value of the oxygen pulse as an index of fitness is presented, above 0.05 is regarded athletic, while lower than 0.05 is the opposite. For the female buffalo the value is 0.066 at rest but decreases with exercise of pulling a load due to moving the body with a slower speed. Male buffalo has a higher oxygen pulse, 0.094 at rest and increases with exercise. Training seems to improve the oxygen pulse. These data enable the calculation of the heart's stroke volume and the O2 debt, which are other parameters of fitness. The field of exercise physiology of athletic animals in Indonesia should be explored. The acquisition of a treadmill, blood gas analysis and ergocardiorespirometry equipment for large athletic animals would be an advantage.

Sperm motility is the main problem for honeybee's reproduction both in natural and in artificial insemination. Sperm produced only by sexually mature drone. Drone with high semen volumes can be seen by the external morphology like hairy in back and the existence of yellow stripes on their black abdomen. Semen samples were collected from the drone by the massage technique; these consist of massaging the abdomen of drone. This massage proceeded until penis and semen cream to yellow color, was Lea Tarliyah; Arief Boediono; Djoko Walujo
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 2 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Sperm motility is the main problem for honeybee's reproduction both in natural and in artificial insemination. Sperm produced only by sexually mature drone. Drone with high semen volumes can be seen by the external morphology like hairy in back and the existence of yellow stripes on their black abdomen. Semen samples were collected from the drone by the massage technique; these consist of massaging the abdomen of drone. This massage proceeded until penis and semen cream to yellow color, was produced. Semen taken out with spuit (3 ml) that contain a modification dilution media called "Kiev". Semen samples were collected; volume, abnormalities and motility were measured. The sexually mature drones were observed in 99.06% (213/215) drones with rare hair in back and 76.28% (164/215) with existence of the yellow stripes in the black abdomen. The color of sperm is yellowish white, which is different from mucous that is white. The average volume of semen samples from each drone is 1.11 μl. The average length of sperm is 217.57 μm (107.50-412.50 μm). The average length of sperm is 7,52 μm (5-1O μm). It's flipped tails, broken tails, double tails, and double heads with an average of 19.83%, 12.75%, 6.42%, and 2,25% respectively can determine abnormalities of the sperm. To conduct the artificial insemination, drone sperm should always be available. For this reason sperm should be preserved in an optimal condition storage temperature (5°C, 27 °c and 37°C) and glucose concentration (0%, 0,3%, 0,6%, and 0,9%) containing in the dilution media. This condition can be affecting the sperm motility. The highest motility is achieved when the sperm is kept in 0,9% glucose concentration and storage in 5 °C temperature. In this condition 0.19x106 sperm/ml can survive up to 36 hours. Moreover, the higher concentration of sperm motility up to 36 hours is achieved when sperm is kept in 5 Celsius temperature with different leves of glucose in dilution media. However statistically interaction between glucose concentration and temperature levels does not give significant affects.

An experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six recei Hendrawan Soetanto
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 2 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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An experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six received, respectively, 100, 150, 200, 250, 400, and 500 g/h/d sodium propionate which were dissolved in urea. Following three weeks adaptation period, an indwelling catheter was inserted into both sides of jugular veins and about 24 hour latter each animal received a bolus injection of 0.3 mCi 2_3H glucose via one of their jugular vein catheter. Blood samples were withdrawn from the other side of the catether at intervals of 30,60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes starting at the onset of 2_3H glucose administration. These samples were then assayed to allow a calculation of glucose entry rate (GER) assuming that the decay of specific radioactivity of 2_3H glucose followed a first order kinetic. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose synthesis was calculated by the difference between the increment of GER and the amount of propionate infused. The results showed that propionate infusion was associated with increased glucose entry and utilisation. The highest level of propionate infusion doubled the GER over that of control animals. This suggests that substantial amount of propionate had been converted into glucose. However, the increment in GER could not be accounted fully from the amount of propionate infused suggesting that the endogenous glucose entry varied markedly between animals. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose in this experiment ranged from -0.9 to 1.22.

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Contact Name
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Journal Mail Official
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Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA