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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 27, No. 2" : 9 Documents clear
Nutrients Ions Indices of Some Medicinal Flora of Cholistan Desert of Pakistan Yasin, Ghulam; Altaf, Adeela; Haq, Ikram ul; Nazeer, Samra; Sabir, Mubasharah
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

By knowing the nutritional status of a plant, one can better manage and use it for ethnobotanical purposes. Various nutrients are accumulated as osmotica in plants of stressful environments. The type and quantity of nutrients present in plants also determine the effectivity of medicine obtained from that plant. Hence, practical utilization of these plants as food or medicines needs to explore the exact nature and presence of the nutrient ions for discrimination of their toxic or medicinal nature. In the present study, some important nutrients in a number of xerophytic plants from Cholistan desert of Pakistan were quantified. Leave, stem and root specimens of seasonally available herbs, shrubs and trees were collected and analyzed for sodium, potassium and phosphorus contents. Each sample was replicated thrice. Obtained data were statistically analyzed and presented as Means ± standard deviations. Among the shrubs, maximum concentration of sodium was observed in leaves of Salsola imbricata (269.99 mg/g). The highest concentration of potassium was recorded in stem of Calotropis procera (67.78 mg/g) while maximum phosphorus was found in stem of Pseuda fruticosa (7.051 mg/g). Among the herbs, maximum sodium was found in stem of Orobanche aegyptiaca (234.95 mg/g), maximum potassium in leaves of O. aegyptiaca (270.71 mg.g) and the maximum phosphorus in root of Citrullus colocynthis (9.34 mg/g). For trees, maximum concentration of sodium, potassium and phosphorus were recorded in leaves of Tamarix aphylla (305.40 mg/g), stem of Capparis decidua (132.6 mg/g) and stem of Acacia nilotica (5.90 mg/g) respectively.
Application of Photoacoustic Imaging for Pneumonia Detection Maqfiroh, Caesarany; Widyaningrum, Rini; Anas, Ahmad Mujtahid; Mitrayana, Mitrayana
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

We used photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to visualize and compare acoustic intensity levels in pneumonia-affected and healthy chicken lungs. After histological confirmation of pneumonia, the samples were scanned and subjected to a 532-nm diode laser in a photoacoustic imaging system. The acoustic intensity level of pneumonia-affected tissue was examined and compared with that of healthy lung samples. The optimum laser frequency and duty cycle for imaging the samples were 17 kHz and 30%, respectively. The acoustic intensity levels of pneumonia-affected tissue and healthy lungs were −82.5 ± 1.8 dB and −79.9 ± 1.3 dB, respectively. We found that a simple PAI device consisting of a diode laser and condenser microphone could distinguish between pneumonia-affected and healthy lungs. Pneumonia-affected lungs produced less acoustic intensity than that healthy lungs, as supported by histological studies.
The Effect of Acidic pH on Growth Kinetics, Biomass Productivity, and Prima-ry Metabolite Contents of Euglena sp. Nurafifah, Istini; Hardianto, Muhammad Andhi; Erfianti, Tia; Amelia, Ria; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Kurnianto, Dedy; Siswanti, Dwi Umi; Sadewo, Brilian Ryan; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Suyono, Eko Agus
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Euglena is a microalga with the potential to be an environmentally friendly renewable energy resource. The pH value is a crucial factor in micro-algal cultivation. Changes in pH affect the growth and development of microalgae, including the production of biomass and primary metabolites, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In this study, Euglena sp. was grown on Cramer-Myers medium and subjected to various acidic conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH on the growth kinetics, biomass, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein contents of Euglena sp. The Euglena sp. culture was optimized at various pH values of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. As results, Euglena sp. had the best growth rate, the greatest biomass, and the highest carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents at pH 3.5 compared to the other pH conditions. The average biomass in the pH 3.5 treatment was 1.600 ± 0.229 g/L, and the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents were 5.983 ± 0.056 g/L, 0.196 ± 0.023 µg/mL, and 0.300 ± 0.020 g/L, respectively.
Molecular Simulation of B-Cell Epitope Mapping from Nipah Virus Attachment Protein to Construct Peptide-Based Vaccine Candidate: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach Kharisma, Viol Dhea; Dian, Farida Aryani; Burkov, Pavel; Scherbakov, Pavel; Derkho, Marina; Sepiashvili, Ekaterina; Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Parikesit, Arli Aditya; Murtadlo, Ahmad Affan Ali; Jakhmola, Vikash; Zainul, Rahadian
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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Abstract

There are no specific drugs or vaccines for Nipah virus (NiV), which is a new Paramyxovirus that infects swine and humans. This study was conducted to investigate B-cell epitope mapping of the NiV attachment glycoprotein and to construct peptide-based vaccine candidates using the reverse vaccinology approach. To generate the linear B-cell epitope, the NiV isolates were extractad from GenBank, NCBI, using the IEDB web server; peptide modeling was conducted using PEP-FOLD3; docking was conducted using PatchDock and FireDock; and in silico cloning was designed using SnapGene. Various peptides were successfully identified from the NiV attachment glycoprotein based on B-cell epitope prediction, allergenicity prediction, similarity prediction, and toxicity prediction. An in silico cloning design of the pET plasmic was also developed. The peptide “RFENTTSDKGKIPSKVIKSYYGTMDIKKINEGLLD” (1G peptide) is predicted to be a potential candidate for the NiV vaccine as it has several good vaccine characteristics. It increases the immune response of B cells through activation, differentiation into plasma cells, the formation of memory cells, and it may increase IgM/IgG antibody titres for viral neutralization. However, the results of this study should be further verified through in vivo and in vitro analyses
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Crude Oil Sorption on Unmodified and Modified Napier Grass Obi, Amalachukwu Ifeyinwa; Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael; Okonkwo, Chinwe Priscilla
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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Abstract

Nowadays, natural organic adsorbents are widely used to clean up oil from spills owing to their effectiveness, affordability, and biodegradability. In this study, Napier grass, a widely available agricultural material, was used to remove crude oil from aqueous media. The Napier grass was modified via a mild acetylation process to improve its hydrophobicity. The modification increased the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the grass from 180.07 to 271.13 m2/g. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed that the modification endowed the originally hydrophilic Napier grass with hydrophobicity. The oil sorption processes were based on monolayer physisorption and controlled by film diffusion. The oil sorption capacities of the unmodified and modified Napier grass under various adsorption conditions (adsorbent dose, initial crude oil concentration, and contact time) were significantly different. The equilibrium oil sorption capacities of the unmodified and modified grass were 7070 and 9057 mg/g, respectively, reflecting the improvement of oil sorption capacity by the modification process. These results indicate that the modification process significantly improved the crude oil adsorption ability of Napier grass. Thus, acetylated Napier grass is an effective, readily available oil sorbent with application potential for the cleanup of crude oil spills.
TiO2 Crystallization at Room Temperature and Preparation of Transparent Carbon Counter Electrode for Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Syauqi, Muhammad Iqbal; Sanjaya, Afiten Rahmin; Madiabu, Mohammad Jihad; Khalil, Munawar; Gunlazuardi, Jarnuzi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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Abstract

We developed a low-cost dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using TiO2 fabricated via rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) and ultrafast room-temperature crystallization (URTC). The prepared TiO2 was deposited on a self-made fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass, and the FTO/TiO2 system was sensitized using curcumin dye. The DSSC was constructed by sandwiching the FTO/TiO2/curcumin electrode with an I−/I2 electrolyte and a transparent carbon counter electrode prepared using a liquid–liquid interface system. The characterization results showed that the TiO2 freshly prepared via URTC was transformed into an anatase crystalline phase, which exhibited a 3.10 eV band gap and a 10.08 nm average crystallite size, comparable to those of the TiO2 prepared via the conventional 450 °C annealing treatment (3.13 eV, 11.60 nm). The photocurrent activity of the URTC-prepared TiO2 under ultraviolet light (0.10 mA/cm2) was also comparable to that of the annealed TiO2 (0.12 mA/cm2). In addition, a transparent carbon electrode (FTO/Ct) was prepared successfully; it exhibited a ±58.26% transparency under visible light and comparable electrocatalytic activity to Pt-coated FTO. The DSSC based on FTO/TiO2-URTC/curcumin and FTO/Ct showed front and back illumination efficiencies of 0.47% and 0.26%, respectively. These results are only slightly lower than those of the conventional DSSC with FTO/annealed TiO2/curcumin//FTO/Pt, which exhibited front and back illumination efficiencies of 0.52% and 0.36%, respectively.
Enhancing Lovastatin Biosynthesis in Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) using Phytohormones Mustafa, Fransisca Astrid; Kandar, Mamat; Aryantha, I Nyoman Pugeg
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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Abstract

The biosynthesis of lovastatin, the anti-cholesterol compound, in oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), has the potential to be enhanced by utilizing phytohormones, which activate the expression of certain genes. This research aimed to determine the best type and concentration of phytohormone among auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin, as well as the best mycelial colonization percentage in F2 medium to realize the greatest increase in lovastatin biosynthesis in oyster mushrooms. Lovastatin was extracted from the fruiting bodies and mycelia and analyzed by spectrophotometry. The analysis of CYP450 linked to lovastatin biosynthesis was conducted by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using samples containing the highest concentration of lovastatin. The results showed that adding phytohormones increased the lovastatin concentration in the fruiting bodies and mycelia of P. ostreatus. The highest lovastatin content was observed in the 10 ppm gibberellin treatment by applying 75% mycelial colonization in the F2 medium. Furthermore, this gibberellin treatment also demonstrated increased expression of the CYP450 gene in the fruiting bodies and mycelia. In conclusion, phytohormone treatments with the right timing and appropriate concentration increased lovastatin biosynthesis in P. ostreatus as well as related gene expression.
Physicochemical Changes and Role of Analytical Chemistry in Black Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Processing Wonorahardjo, Surjani; Sari, Dian Puspita; Salsabila, Arini; Estiyawati, Estiyawati; Yuliani, Dewi; Wijaya, Anugrah Ricky; Suharti, Suharti; Kusumaningrum, Irma Kartika; Maharani, Chariztya Anggita; Noviyanti, Thjiong Angelina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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Black garlic is a traditional spice having potential of herbal medicine; however, continuous heating darkens its color and changes its taste due to chemical processes and new equilibrium in the system. In this study, fresh garlic was processed into black garlic at 60 °C for 24 days. Changes in physical and chemical parameters, such as browning and protein content, reducing sugar content, and antioxidative components were recorded. Protein content was measured by Kjeldahl method, brown color development was analyzed using a color reader, reducing sugar was examined using a dinitro salicylic DNS reagent, and antioxidative activities were studied with a diphenyl picrylhydrazyl DPPH reagent in terms of their percent inhibition. Gas chromatography – mass sepctrometry (GC–MS) and Liquid Chromatography-High Relosultion Mass Spectrometry (LC–HRMS) were performed to determine the chemical profiles. Results showed a number of interesting features. The protein and sugar contents increased up to 3 and 4 times that of the initial values, respectively during processing. The antioxidative properties improved in the later stages. The chemical profiles of volatile and nonvolatile components were altered in their final stage. Sulfur and nitrogen-containing nonvolatile components were relatively stable during heating, but their compositions changed. The natural chemical changes reflect the biological potential dynamics in biological processes as herbal supplements. The reflection of the processes might go further into food chemistry and the food industry. This needs an interdisciplinary approach, expanded to biological concepts and safe, ethical industrial processes.
Study of Antioxidant Activity of the Derivatives of Quinoline-4-carboxylic Acids by the Modification of Isatin via Pfitzinger Reaction Fikriya, Sakti Hidayati; Cahyana, Antonius Herry
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
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In this study, a quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivative was synthesized through Pfitzinger reaction. In this reaction, isatin is modified via its reaction with ketone and refluxed for 24 h to obtain quinoline-4-carboxylic acid. The presence of a carboxylic group was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The results showed that the absorption peaks of C=O and O–H stretching’s were detected in the range of 1724–1708 and 3436–3242 cm−1, respectively. In the UV-vis spectrum, a shift in the absorption peak was observed toward a larger wavelength, which is referred as a bathochromic shift. The formation of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivative was also characterized using the mass spectrometry method. The modification of isatin aims to increase antioxidant activity to obtain quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, which has a better inhibition percentage than isatin. Antioxidant tests were conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activity is measured based on the ability of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivative to donate hydrogen radicals, which revealed that the product had a relatively better inhibitory effect than isatin. At a concentration of 5 mg/L, isatin did not show antioxidant activity with the DPPH method. By contrast, the inhibition percentages of 2-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid and 2-(4-methylphenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid were approximately 30.25% and 40.43%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of an aromatic ring makes the antioxidant activity.

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