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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti at Dumai Seaport: implications for vector control Ardhi, Khairil; Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 03 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i03.16444

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the resistance status of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) to temephos at Dumai International Seaport, Indonesia, and to identify the biochemical mechanisms underlying this resistance to support more effective vector control strategies. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using larval bioassays at four concentrations of temephos (0.005–0.625 mg/L) to determine susceptibility levels in field-collected mosquito populations from operational and industrial zones. A laboratory strain was used as a control. Additionally, biochemical assays were performed to measure α-esterase and monooxygenase activity, which are potential indicators of metabolic resistance. Results: Larval bioassays revealed reduced susceptibility to temephos in both operational and industrial populations compared to the laboratory strain. The resistance ratios were 9.75 and 11.75, respectively, indicating moderate to high resistance. Biochemical analysis showed significantly increased α-esterase activity in both field populations (p<0.000), while the seaport population also exhibited elevated monooxygenase activity (p<0.020), suggesting enzyme-mediated resistance mechanisms. Conclusion: The presence of temephos resistance in Ae. aegypti at Dumai Seaport underscores the need to revise existing insecticide use practices. Integrating biochemical surveillance and diverse control measures within the framework of integrated vector management is essential to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of vector control programs.
Determinants of personal hygiene behavior amongst food handlers in fast food restaurants in South Jakarta, Indonesia Avifah, Shelvira; Fitria, Laila
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 03 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i03.17121

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between hygiene and sanitation facilities, food handler knowledge, health checks, and uniform conditions with personal hygiene behavior among food handlers in fast food restaurants in South Jakarta. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 102 fast food restaurants inspected by the South Jakarta Health Office in 2021. Variables were constructed from standardized environmental health inspection forms. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results: The majority (93.1%) of food handlers exhibited good personal hygiene behavior. Multivariate analysis revealed that the quantity and quality of handwashing facilities (adjOR: 6.64; 95% CI: 1.14–38.74) and the condition of work uniforms (adjOR: 8.48; 95% CI: 1.43–50.12) were significantly associated with personal hygiene behavior. Other variables, such as knowledge and health checks, showed no significant association despite low implementation rates. Conclusion: Ensuring the availability of proper handwashing facilities and appropriate work uniforms can significantly improve food handlers’ hygiene behavior, thereby reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses. These findings underline the importance of infrastructure, routine inspections, and hygiene monitoring in fast food settings as part of a broader public health strategy to enhance food safety.
Stunting prevention behaviors through the health action model in Maluku: a case study Rumadaul, Dewi Syitra; Supriyati; Erlina, Erlin
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i02.17789

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to explore stunting prevention behaviors in Sawai Village, Central Maluku District, using the health action model. Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in April 2024, involving 25 participants purposively selected from various groups, including parents, caregivers, pregnant women, health workers, village officials, and cadres. Data were collected through interviews and observations, and analyzed using framework analysis supported by Opencode software. Results: Stunting prevention efforts in Sawai Village involve various stakeholders. The analysis identified nine key themes that shape stunting prevention behavior: 1) stunting prevention behaviors; 2) belief systems; 3) motivation systems; 4) normative systems; 5) knowledge; 6) skills; 7) physical environment; 8) socio-economic factors; and 9) socio-cultural factors. While community practices generally align with child health efforts, they are not explicitly aimed at stunting prevention. The involvement of fathers is minimal, cadres have limited technical capacity, and traditional beliefs, economic barriers, and lack of targeted knowledge hinder effective prevention. Conclusion: Although stunting prevention in Sawai Village involves multiple actors, it remains suboptimal. A comprehensive behavior change intervention based on the HAM framework is needed, along with Posyandu revitalization to enhance community participation and knowledge.
The craniovertebral angle and the incidence of tension-type headache among office workers Rienanda, Syabina Zahra; Prastowo, Bayu; Lubis, Zidni Imanurrohmah; Wibisono, Donny Septian
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i02.17798

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the craniovertebral angle and the occurrence of tension-type headache among office employees. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, analytical observational design, involving 50 office workers selected using a stratified random sampling method. The craniovertebral angle was measured using photogrammetry with Kinovea software, and the incidence of tension-type headache was identified through the Headache Screening Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The average craniovertebral angle among participants was 37.2 degrees, indicating a tendency toward poor head posture. Among the workers, 30% experienced tension-type headache, 44% were considered probable cases, and 26% had no symptoms. The majority of participants spent 8 to 12 hours per day working on computers. Statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between craniovertebral angle and tension-type headache. Workers with lower angles—reflecting more forward head posture—were more likely to experience headaches. Although the strength of the correlation was weak, the association remained statistically significant. Conclusion: A reduced craniovertebral angle, indicating poor head posture, is associated with a higher likelihood of tension-type headache in office workers. These findings highlight the importance of implementing ergonomic interventions in the workplace to prevent posture-related health problems.
Pregnancy Class Program in West Java Province: a literature review Rahmawaty, Dinta; Laro, Maria Natalia; Rajagukguk, Vivi Rosalin; Wahyuningsih, Windu Syawalina
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i02.17912

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Pregnancy Class Program in West Java Province and develop policy recommendations to enhance maternal health outcomes. Method: A literature review was conducted using journal databases including ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2018 and 2024 were retrieved using keywords such as “evaluation,” “implementation,” “policy,” “pregnancy class,” “prenatal education,” and “West Java.” From 58 identified articles, six studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and thematically analyzed. Results: The review identified several challenges in implementing pregnancy classes in West Java, including low participation rates, limited partner and family involvement, and barriers faced by working mothers. Digital innovations, such as video-based education and online classes, have effectively increased maternal knowledge and participation. Furthermore, family-oriented approaches and prenatal yoga sessions had a positive impact on maternal preparedness and confidence. Conclusion: The pregnancy class program holds significant potential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in West Java. However, to maximize the effectiveness of its online educational sessions and offline interactive activities, such as prenatal yoga, is recommended. Additionally, to maximize its effectiveness, high-quality video content, continuous training for healthcare workers, and sufficient funding should be integrated to enhance the program's reach and impact.
Perceptions and attitudes of teachers on visual impairment among elementary school students in Yogyakarta: A phenomenological study Baswedan, Rizki Hafidzah; Damayanti, Laksmi; Ariasti, Nia; Nadya, Nurul; Muthi’ah, Niswah; Jamil, Nur Aisyah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 04 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i04.18331

Abstract

Purpose: This study explored teachers' perceptions and attitudes toward visual impairments among elementary school students. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in four elementary schools in Ngemplak, Yogyakarta. Twelve teachers were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed manually using the Clarke and Braun thematic analysis method. Results: Teachers’ perceptions of visual impairment were primarily shaped by personal experiences and access to information, especially from the internet. Informants demonstrated knowledge about the causes, risk factors, and impacts of visual impairments, emphasizing gadget use and nutritional factors. Teachers commonly recognized signs of visual difficulty among students and implemented informal strategies such as seating adjustments and parent engagement. Most informants exhibited a positive attitude, expressing a willingness to collaborate with health services and emphasizing the need for regular vision screening and educational programs in schools. Conclusion: Elementary school teachers understand visual impairments well and approach students with visual difficulties positively. Enhancing teachers’ role in early detection and collaboration with healthcare services may improve school-based eye health programs.
Effectiveness of health literacy interventions on contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in rural and urban Indonesia: A systematic review Saragih, Amaliyah Nurmely Rahmah; Damayanti, Rita
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 03 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i03.18623

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of health literacy interventions, such as health education, health promotion, and digital media use, in improving knowledge, attitudes, and contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia, as well as to compare outcomes in rural and urban areas. Methods: This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, analyzed data from 2019 to 2024 on health literacy interventions related to contraception. Literature was sourced from four databases: Lens.org, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: Out of 10,451 articles identified (Lens.org: n=1,598; PubMed: n=84; Scopus: n=121; Google Scholar: n=8,648), 154 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 22 were included in the final review. Common interventions included leaflets, videos, mobile apps, and counseling, which effectively improved WRA’s knowledge, attitudes, and contraceptive behaviors. Technology-based methods were more effective in urban areas, while community-based approaches were more effective in rural settings. Conclusion: Health literacy interventions improve contraceptive outcomes among WRA in Indonesia. Their effectiveness varies by the type of intervention and the geographic context. A combined approach of community empowerment and technology, tailored to local settings, is key to enhancing contraceptive health literacy.
Response time and length of stay in obstetric emergency management: A study in public hospital of Central Kalimantan Dewi, Bella Rossana; Sriatmi, Ayun; Widjanarko, Bagoes
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 04 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i04.18631

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between response time and the length of stay (LOS) in obstetric emergency management at the public hospital of Central Kalimantan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 205 medical records of pregnant women treated for obstetric emergencies between July and September 2024. Data on three types of response time—initial emergency action, obstetrician consultation, and patient disposition—were analyzed using univariate and Pearson correlation tests to assess their association with the LOS in the emergency department. Results: All patients received an initial emergency response within five minutes, indicating good early management. However, over 60% of patients experienced delays in obstetrician consultation. Most patients received timely disposition decisions, which showed the most decisive influence on patient LOS. Statistical analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between initial response time and LOS (r=0.33), a very weak negative correlation with obstetrician consultation time (r= -0.098), and a perfect positive correlation with disposition time (r=1.000). These results suggest that the speed of disposition decisions plays a critical role in determining how long patients remain in the emergency room. Conclusion: Disposition efficiency plays the most pivotal role in determining LOS. Improving administrative processes, increasing human resources, and optimizing infrastructure are essential. These findings provide practical insights for strengthening emergency service protocols and can guide health policy interventions to enhance maternal care quality in referral hospitals across Indonesia.
Effectiveness of the Gladdy Moddy intervention in enhancing parental readiness and maternal-fetal attachment Maulina, Rufidah; Novika, Revi Gama Hatta; Sari, Atriany Nilam; Maulida, Luluk Fajria; Nurhidayati, Siti; Wahidah, Nurul Jannatul
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 04 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i04.18748

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to assess the impact of Gladdy Moddy (Glad Mom and Daddy), an intervention comprising education, a gratitude journal, and a support group, on maternal-fetal attachment and parental readiness. Methods: This research was conducted from June to July 2024 in the villages of Trengguli and Sidomukti, under the jurisdiction of the Jenawi Health Center in Karanganyar. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test was employed. A total of 23 couples were recruited using purposive sampling. Results: Initial scores for mother-fetus bonding, measured using the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), were 59.2, while scores for parental readiness, measured by the Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), were 140.7. Post-test results indicated a significant increase, with PAI scores rising to 64.5 and MPS scores to 149.4. Bivariate analysis using a paired t-test revealed significance levels of 0.028 (p < 0.05) for PAI and 0.020 (p < 0.05) for MPS. Conclusion: The Gladdy Moddy intervention had a significant positive impact on prenatal attachment and parental readiness among mothers. This approach can be effectively used to prepare couples for parenthood and enhance the bond between mother and fetus.
Depression as a predominant factor for activities of daily living among elderly Giovanny, Audrey Carissa; Handajani, Yvonne Suzy; Turana, Yuda; Kristian, Kevin
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 04 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i04.19266

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to provide an overview of the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly population and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 community-dwelling participants aged 60 and older in West Jakarta. Sociodemographic data, the Barthel Index, the Berg Balance Scale, the Fried Frailty Index, and the Geriatric Depression Scale were collected by interview. Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression analyses were used for the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The majority of participants were women (71%), aged 60-74 years (75%), with education levels of 12 years or more (90%). Fifteen percent of elderly participants experienced problems with ADL. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between ADL impairment with age (p=0.006; OR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.454-14.368), balance (p=0.023; OR=10.38; 95%CI: 1.567-68.595), and depression (p=0.006; OR=5.00; 95%CI: 1.468-17.033). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified depression as the most dominant risk factor affecting ADL, increasing the risk by 4.02 times. Conclusion: This study highlights age, body balance, and depression as potential contributors to ADL impairment, with depression emerging as the predominant risk factor. Both physical and mental health should be considered essential for preserving ADL function in the elderly.

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