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Liem Gai Sin
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INDONESIA
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management
Published by AIBPM Publisher
ISSN : 26147432     EISSN : 26212862     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim
The International Journal of Applied Business and International Management (IJABIM) is a peer-reviewed journal that provides a platform for scholars, professionals, and policymakers to share pioneering research in international business, management, and economics. Published quarterly, the journal adopts a multidisciplinary approach, promoting diverse perspectives and the dissemination of impactful ideas within the global academic community. It welcomes submissions on a wide range of topics, including marketing, finance, system information management, business ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, consumer behavior, information technology management, change management, business information systems, cost management, and other related fields.
Articles 566 Documents
Risk Management and Bank Profitability: Moderating Effects on Lending and Credit Risk in Indonesia Dwi Nita Aryani; Helmi Hasan Assegaf
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4506

Abstract

Banks face credit and liquidity risks that affect profitability and financial stability. This study examines the effects of the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) on Return on Assets (ROA) in Indonesian banking, as well as the moderating role of risk management and the mediating role of NPL in the relationship between LDR and ROA. This study employed a quantitative approach using panel data from 30 commercial banks, resulting in 300 bank-year observations. The data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS. The findings show that LDR positively affects ROA (? = 0.020; p = 0.035), while NPL negatively affects ROA (? = ?0.340; p = 0.009). Risk management does not directly affect ROA (? = 0.375; p = 0.486), but it significantly moderates the relationship between LDR and NPL (? = 0.007, p = 0.039) and reduces the negative effect of NPL on ROA (? = ?0.098; p = 0.024). NPL does not mediate the relationship between LDR and ROA. This study contributes to the development of agency theory and risk management. The research implication is to raise awareness of the importance of risk management for banks, helping them reduce risks and increase profits.
Citizen Satisfaction in Public Services: A Descriptive and Explanatory Study in an Archipelagic Region Johan Fahri; Hartaty Hadady
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 10, No 3 (2025): December 2025
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v10i3.4472

Abstract

Satisfaction has long been discussed in academic literature, although its interpretation varies depending on market structures and consumer conditions. Customer satisfaction generally refers to the evaluation made by customers after purchasing or using a product in a competitive market. However, in a monopoly context where consumers have limited choices, the concept shifts toward citizen satisfaction, particularly in relation to public services provided by the government. Public service delivery becomes more complex when geographical conditions are involved, especially in archipelagic regions. North Maluku Province represents one of Indonesia’s ocean-dominated regions, reflecting the characteristics of the country as the world’s largest archipelagic state. This study aims to analyze descriptively the level of citizen satisfaction with public services in North Maluku Province. Citizen satisfaction is considered a primary objective of government service delivery. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform (PAN-RB) No. 14 of 2017, nine service elements are used to measure public satisfaction. This study employs a quantitative deductive approach to examine the relationship between these elements and community satisfaction.
Developing Maritime Logistics Human Resource Performance Through Maslahah Knowledge-Based Skills Romanda Annas Amrullah; Moejiono Moejiono; Arleiny Arleiny; Frenki Imanto; Indah Ayu Johanda Putri; Angga Kurniatama; Awel Suryadi; Rorusman Jadid Nurhadi
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4462

Abstract

The maritime logistics sector faces increasing pressure from digital transformation, skill shortages, and rising performance demands, highlighting the need for more effective human resource development strategies. This study aims to develop and empirically test Maslahah Knowledge-Based Skills (MKBS) as a mediating mechanism linking training practices to employee performance. A quantitative explanatory design was applied using data from 96 employees across maritime logistics companies in Central Java, analyzed with PLS-SEM. The results show that Training Needs Analysis (TNA) (? = 0.503, p 0.001), On-the-Job Training (OJT) (? = 0.195, p = 0.027), and Voluntary Training (VT) (? = 0.083, p = 0.001) significantly influence MKBS. Furthermore, MKBS has a strong effect on performance (? = 0.700, p 0.001) and significantly mediates all training-performance relationships. The findings indicate that training does not directly improve performance unless it is internalized into value-oriented, knowledge-based skills. This study extends Knowledge-Based Theory (KBT) by integrating maslahah as a normative dimension in skill formation and provides practical implications for designing sustainable, value-driven HR development in maritime logistics.
From Personal and Environmental Values to Green Beauty Loyalty: The Role of Satisfaction and Green Reward I Made Surya Prayoga; Made Pradnyan Permana Usadi; I Komang Suryadnya Diputra
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4499

Abstract

Growing environmental awareness among Generation Z has increased demand for sustainable consumption, particularly in the cosmetics industry. However, the mechanisms through which value orientation influences green beauty loyalty remain unclear. This study examines the effects of altruistic and egoistic values on green beauty loyalty, with green satisfaction as a mediating variable and green reward as both a direct predictor and moderating factor. A quantitative approach was employed using data collected from 280 Indonesian Generation Z consumers who have prior experience with green cosmetic products. The data were measured using a seven-point Likert scale and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that egoistic value (? = 0.424, p = 0.006) and altruistic value (? = 0.443, p = 0.003) significantly enhance green satisfaction, which strongly influences green beauty loyalty (? = 0.788, p 0.001), indicating full mediation. However, the direct effects of both values on loyalty are not significant. Green reward exerts a significant direct effect on loyalty (? = 0.402, p 0.001) but does not moderate the satisfaction–loyalty relationship (p = 0.980). These results highlight the pivotal role of satisfaction and suggest that reward mechanisms function as independent drivers of sustainable consumer loyalty, offering both theoretical and managerial implications.
Optimizing Company Resources for Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Mediating Role of Digital Transformation in Indonesian MSMEs Safina Najah Firdaussiah; Mohammad Riza Sutjipto; Saiful Hidayat
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4524

Abstract

Micro, small, and medium (MSMEs) enterprises contribute crucially in this national economy, but there are always difficulties in transforming internal resources into sustainable competitive advantages in the digital era. This reseacrh aims to examine the “effect of company resources on competitive advantage, both directly and indirectly through digital transformation”. A quantitative approach was employed using data from 400 Indonesian MSMEs registered on the PaDi UMKM platform, analyzed from the SEM model or Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL 8.70. Resulting if company resources contributed significantly positively to competitive advantage (b = 0.15, t = 2.76) and on digital transformation (b = 0.71, t = 13.91). Digital transformation contribute strongly positively to competitive advantage (b = 0.66, t = 9.61), representing the most influential relationship in the model. Furthermore, the indirect effect of company resources on competitive advantage through digital transformation is significant (b = 0.469, t = 7.884), indicating partial mediation (VAF = 75.8%). The model explains 50% of digital transformation and 60% of competitive advantage, suggesting that digital transformation is the primary pathway through which resources translate into sustainable competitive advantage among MSMEs.
Integrating Tri Hita Karana into Entrepreneurial Orientation for Business Sustainability in Balinese MSMEs Ni Wayan Sitiari; Made Setini; Anik Puspa Ningsih; Cokorda Krisna Yuda
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4521

Abstract

Business sustainability often varies depending on cultural perspectives. This study aims to explore business sustainability through the lens of entrepreneurial orientation practices, specifically from the Tri Hita Karana (THK) cultural perspective in Bali. The research employs a qualitative approach, with respondents including owners and managers of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), community leaders, and academics from Bali. The findings of the study reveal that business sustainability, as seen through the THK cultural perspective in Bali, encompasses entrepreneurial orientation practices such as maintaining a harmonious relationship with God by seeking taksu, fostering harmonious relationships with others through memyamabraya, and protecting the natural environment and its resources by safeguarding the earth. Business sustainability, viewed through the lens of cultural values, can help maintain long-term business viability in Bali; however, it tends not to promote growth at the scale of larger companies. The findings of this study indicate that MSMEs in Bali, with a deep understanding of their culture, tend to preserve traditional business practices, which, while sustainable, often hinder the transition to larger-scale enterprises. The results provide insights for policymakers in designing culturally grounded strategies to enhance both the sustainability and growth potential of MSMEs.
Revisiting the Role of Corporate Governance: Evidence on R&D, Marketing Intensity, and Profitability in Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Ida Ayu Surasmi; Made Setini
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4597

Abstract

Firm profitability is a critical indicator of business sustainability, particularly in competitive industries such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, where innovation, marketing, and governance play essential roles. This study examines the effect of research and development (RD) expenditure and marketing intensity on firm profitability, with corporate governance as both an independent and moderating variable. Using panel data from pharmaceutical firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period, this study applies Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that RD expenditure (? = 3.392; p 0.001) and marketing intensity (? = 0.393; p = 0.015) have a significant positive effect on profitability (ROA), while corporate governance also has a significant positive direct effect (? = 2.114; p 0.001). However, the interaction effects are not significant, indicating that corporate governance does not moderate these relationships. The model is statistically significant (F = 14.662; p 0.001) with moderate explanatory power (R² = 0.604). These findings highlight the importance of strategic investment in innovation, marketing, and governance. This study contributes to the literature by positioning corporate governance as an independent determinant rather than a moderating mechanism and provides practical implications for improving firm performance.
Job Demands and Service Performance in Hotel Front Office Operations: The Mediating Role of Employee Satisfaction Wanti Arum Wanti; Ananta Budhi Danurdara; Nor Ismawanto Choirudin; Rudy Parlindungan Siahaan
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 10, No 3 (2025): December 2025
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v10i3.4609

Abstract

Hotel front office employees operate in high-contact service environments where workload, time pressure, and continuous guest interaction generate substantial job demands, making service performance a critical operational concern. This study examines the effect of job demands on service performance, with employee satisfaction as a mediating variable. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) perspective, a quantitative survey was conducted among 200 front office employees in star-rated hotels in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess direct and indirect relationships among the constructs. The results show that job demands have a significant negative effect on both employee satisfaction and service performance. In addition, employee satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between job demands and service performance. These findings indicate that service performance is shaped not only by operational pressures but also by employees’ attitudinal responses to demanding work conditions. This study contributes by contextualizing job demands within front office operations and clarifying the mechanism through which operational pressure is translated into service outcomes. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of managing workload and sustaining employee satisfaction.
Digital Experience, Attendee Engagement, and Event Loyalty in Indonesian Tourism Events Dendy Sundayana; Ananta Budhi Danurdara; Rudy Parlindungan Siahaan
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 10, No 3 (2025): December 2025
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v10i3.4617

Abstract

Tourism events in Indonesia are increasingly shaped by digital platforms, online promotion, mobile information access, and social media interaction. This transformation is reinforced by the expansion of event-based tourism initiatives, including Karisma Event Nusantara and the development of Event by Indonesia as a national digital event platform. Despite this growth, limited empirical research explains how digital experience contributes to attendee engagement and event loyalty in tourism events. This study examines the relationships among digital experience, attendee engagement, perceived event value, attendee satisfaction, and event loyalty in Indonesian tourism events. A quantitative survey was conducted among tourism event attendees in Indonesia, and 268 valid responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings show that digital experience significantly influences attendee engagement, perceived event value, and attendee satisfaction. Attendee engagement also positively affects perceived event value and attendee satisfaction, while perceived event value and attendee satisfaction significantly influence event loyalty. The study further confirms a significant sequential indirect effect linking digital experience and event loyalty through engagement, perceived value, and satisfaction. These findings position digital experience as part of the attendee value formation process in tourism events
The Influence of Digital Advertising Interactivity on Generation Z's Purchasing Intensity in the Fashion and Beauty Industry Erick Lauren Ray; Franky Okto Bernando; Bayu Giri Prakosa
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v11i1.4465

Abstract

The rapid growth of digital marketing has increased the importance of interactive advertising in influencing consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z consumers in the fashion and beauty industry. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital advertising interactivity on purchase intensity, with attitude toward digital advertising serving as a mediating variable. This study employed a quantitative approach using data collected from 312 Generation Z respondents who actively use social media platforms and are frequently exposed to digital advertising. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that digital advertising interactivity has a positive and significant effect on attitude toward digital advertising (beta = 0.68; p 0.001) and purchase intensity (beta = 0.21; p = 0.002). In addition, attitude toward digital advertising significantly affects purchase intensity (beta = 0.54; p 0.001) and partially mediates the relationship between digital advertising interactivity and purchase intensity (beta = 0.37; p 0.001; VAF = 63.8%). The study concludes that interactive digital advertising strategies play an important role in enhancing consumer engagement and encouraging purchasing behavior among Generation Z consumers in the fashion and beauty industry.