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Medical and Health Journal
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28073541     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mhj.2023.2.2.8053
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Medical and Health Journal (EISSN. 2807-3541) is containing various articles/ manuscripts in the forms of research article, systematic reviews, case reports in the field of medicine focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, biomedical sciences, medical biotechnology, and public health. This journal is published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 28 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February" : 28 Documents clear
Effect of Durian Rind Nanocellulose Addition on the Vickers Hardness of Self-Cure Acrylic Resin Fabricated By Spray-on Method Imam, Dian Noviyanti Agus; Purnama, Ryana Budi; Satrio, Rinawati; Rochmawati, Mutia
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.16998

Abstract

Self-cure acrylic resin is commonly used to fabricate orthodontic baseplates in removable appliances. However, it exhibits relatively low hardness, making it susceptible to wear and deformation under masticatory forces. The addition of reinforcing materials can enhance mechanical properties such as hardness. Nanocellulose derived from durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) rind, an agricultural waste product, is a promising bio-based reinforcing material. This study aimed to determine the effect of durian rind nanocellulose addition on the Vickers hardness of self-cure acrylic resin fabricated using the spray-on method.This laboratory experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Durian rind nanocellulose was synthesized via acid hydrolysis and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm morphology and functional groups before incorporation into the acrylic resin. The nanocellulose was dispersed in monomer using ultrasonic homogenization for 5 minutes to ensure uniform distribution, then applied to polymer powder using the spray-on method. Twenty-four samples were divided into three groups (n=8): 2% nanocellulose, 3% nanocellulose, and control (0% nanocellulose). The highest mean hardness value was found in the 2% nanocellulose group (30.77 ± 1.03 VHN), while the lowest was in the control group (26.90 ± 0.79 VHN). Data were normally distributed and homogeneous (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests). One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among groups (p<0.05), with post hoc LSD tests confirming significant pairwise differences. This study concludes that durian rind nanocellulose addition significantly increases the Vickers hardness of self-cure acrylic resin fabricated by the spray-on method compared to the control group
The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) in Yoghurt (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) on Inhibiting the Growth of Streptococcus pyogenes Peramiarti, IDSAP; Adrianto, Rifqi Akmal
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.17017

Abstract

Yoghurt is a food product made from milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which provides various health benefits, including enhancing immunity through the production of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and bacteriocins. Several studies have reported that LAB-fermented yoghurt can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that forms chain like colonies, is small, round in shape, has a smooth surface, and produces grayish-white pigmentation on blood agar. S. pyogenes can cause respiratory infections such as pharyngitis, and skin infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, and erysipelas. This study aimed to investigate the role of hydrogen peroxide in yoghurt (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) in inhibiting the growth of S. pyogenes. This was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. Bacterial colony counts were performed using a colony counter. A total of 60 samples were used, with three repetitions, two dilutions, and ten concentration groups (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%), with 0% serving as the control. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Spearman Rho test. The results showed that yoghurt inhibited the growth of S. pyogenes, and the 30% yoghurt concentration, containing 0.32 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide, was the minimum inhibitory concentration. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed significant differences among groups (p<0.05), and the Spearman Rho test indicated a significant correlation (p<0.05) between the variables.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients in Indonesia Wahyudin, Anto; Humardhani, Ariadi; Lelosutan, Syafruddin A. R.
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.17849

Abstract

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a blood-borne viral infection and a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Indonesia is one of six countries contributing to 50% of the global HCV burden, with a prevalence of 0.5% in the general population. HCV infection is more frequently observed in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis due to nosocomial transmission. This study employed a literature review method by searching articles published between 2015 and 2025 in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest, yielding 11 eligible studies. The analysis shows that the prevalence of HCV among hemodialysis patients in Indonesia ranges from 3.7% to 56.3%, with the highest rate reported at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan (56.3%) and the lowest at Banyu Bening Hospital Boyolali (3.7%). Most infected patients are male and over 45 years of age. These variations indicate that male sex and older age serve as risk factors for HCV infection in hemodialysis patients.
Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report Aprilia, Dhea; Ar Nur, Buti Ariani; Ulfahimayati, Ulfahimayati
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18042

Abstract

Background: Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is a potentially life threatening complication that may occur in patients with underlying pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis. In recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis, residual lung damage such as cavitation, fibrosis, and bullae increases the risk of alveolar rupture, leading to pneumothorax. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, management, and outcome of a patient with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax associated with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Case Presentation: A 21 year old male with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis two years prior presented to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. Physical examination and chest radiography revealed an avascular radiolucent area in the right lung, consistent with pneumothorax. A rapid molecular sputum test was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A diagnosis of right sided secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis was established. The patient underwent needle decompression followed by the placement of a water sealed drainage (WSD) system. Anti tuberculosis therapy was reinitiated according to the national treatment protocol. Results: Follow up chest radiographs demonstrated progressive lung re expansion, accompanied by significant clinical improvement. The patient’s condition stabilized, and no further complications were observed during hospitalization. Conclusion: Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis represents an emergency condition that requires rapid diagnosis and appropriate management. The combination of WSD insertion and anti tuberculosis therapy proved effective in promoting lung re-expansion and improving clinical outcomes. Heightened clinical awareness of this complication is essential to improve prognosis in patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis.
Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Intracranial Extension and Bilateral Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Case Report Anisah, Nabiilah Ayu; Rahmawati, Indah; Rahmi, Hastuti
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18060

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that is often found in Southeast Asia and is ranked sixth as the most common cancer in Indonesia. This disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific initial symptoms. Case Description: A 72-year-old man presented with chronic epistaxis, bilateral nasal obstruction, tinnitus, and bilateral neck node enlargement. Nasoendoscopy revealed a mass obscuring the fossa of Rosenmüller, while a contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed an infiltrative lesion in the nasopharynx extending to the skull base and intracranially with multiple cervical lymphadenopathy. Histopathology revealed nasopharyngeal nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, stage T4N3Mx. Management and Outcome: The patient was referred for concomitant chemoradiotherapy as standard therapy for advanced stage, with planned follow-up at an oncology center. Discussion: This case highlights the association between smoking and salted fish consumption with the occurrence of NPC and the challenges of early diagnosis due to symptoms resembling chronic rhinitis. Conclusion: Recognizing recurrent epistaxis and painless neck node enlargement is crucial for early detection of NPC. A multidisciplinary approach and integrated chemoradiotherapy play a significant role in improving patient prognosis.
Mental and Emotional Changes in the Elderly: A Literature Review Pambudi, Balqis Prudena Kurnia; Senna, Cantika Brilliant; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Mahardika, Agustine
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18229

Abstract

Emotional and mental changes in the elderly represent a psychological adaptation process that occurs with aging, encompassing shifts in thinking, emotional responses, and social interactions. A deeper understanding of this topic is essential for designing effective interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of older adults. Elderly individuals are vulnerable to experiencing issues such as excessive anxiety, profound sadness, loneliness, guilt, and decreased self-esteem. These conditions may be triggered by internal factors, including neurobiological changes and chronic stress, as well as external factors, such as age discrimination and social isolation. Such changes significantly impact various dimensions of the elderly’s quality of life, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. Therefore, a holistic approach that involves the active role of the family in providing emotional and social support is crucial. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), meditation, and physical activity, have been proven effective in preventing and managing mental health problems in older adults and in promoting overall well-being.
Pediatric Submandibular Abscess: Diagnostic Challenges and Comprehensive Management – A Literature Review Rein, Virjinea Hawani; Wardhana, Arroyan; Rahmi, Hastuti
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18252

Abstract

Submandibular abscess in children is a rare deep neck space infection but can be fatal if diagnosis and management are delayed. Most cases (70–85%) originate from odontogenic infections of the mandibular molars, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans as the predominant pathogens. This article reviews the etiology, early diagnosis, and management of pediatric submandibular abscesses based on recent literature (2020–2025) from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Anatomical and immunological differences in children lead to faster infection spread with nonspecific early symptoms; therefore, careful clinical examination and the use of CT scans or ultrasonography are crucial for early diagnosis. Management includes airway stabilization, culture-based broad-spectrum antibiotics, and timely surgical drainage. Multidisciplinary collaboration among dentists, ENT specialists, and pediatric anesthesiologists is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of minimally invasive approaches and current antibiotic resistance patterns in children. Early diagnosis, rational therapy, and interdisciplinary cooperation remain the key factors in achieving successful outcomes in pediatric submandibular abscess management.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Risk of Complicated Pneumonia in Toddlers: A Literature Review Angelita, Puja Rizkina; Sandhi Parwata, Wayan Sulaksmana; Kurniawaty, Titi Pambudi
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18385

Abstract

Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) reports that pneumonia accounts for approximately 14% of all infant deaths, with more than 740,000 deaths per year. In Indonesia, the prevalence of pneumonia in infants remains high, including in West Nusa Tenggara Province, which recorded 32,128 cases in 2023, with 4,183 cases in West Lombok Regency. One protective factor believed to reduce the risk of pneumonia is exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life. Breast milk contains various immunological components such as secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), lactoferrin, lysozyme, and oligosaccharides, which play a role in protecting against lower respiratory tract infections (Lyons et al., 2020; Moraes-Pinto et al., 2021). This literature review was compiled using a narrative literature review method using relevant national and international sources, including journals from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and official WHO and UNICEF reports. The literature reviewed was published between 2015 and 2024, focusing on the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. The analysis was conducted descriptively and thematically, reflecting the content of previous studies. Based on the study results, exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to have a significant protective effect against the incidence of pneumonia. Infants who are not exclusively breastfed have a two to five times higher risk of developing lower respiratory tract infections (Popovsky, E.Y. and Florin, T.A., 2021). A global study by Victora et al. (2016) found that exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of severe pneumonia by up to 64% and has the potential to prevent 820,000 child deaths annually. However, the incidence of complicated pneumonia is also influenced by other factors such as nutritional status, basic immunizations, exposure to cigarette smoke, and home environmental conditions (Dean & Florin, 2018; Saunders, 2017). Exclusive breastfeeding plays a crucial role in preventing pneumonia in toddlers through immunological mechanisms and protection of the respiratory mucosa. However, because pneumonia is a multifactorial disease, the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding needs to be supported by improved nutritional status, immunization coverage, and environmental improvements. Comprehensive promotive and preventive efforts are needed to reduce the incidence of pneumonia and its complications in the community.
Overview of Adherence Diet Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kabila Public Health Center Jusuf, Nurain; Yusuf, Zuhriana K.; Arsad, Sitti Fatimah
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18802

Abstract

Diet is a crucial part of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. One way to achieve this is by following the 3J (Type, Amount, and Schedule) of dietary management. Dietary adherence remains variable, even though patients receive regular education through the PROLANIS program. Dietary non-compliance can result in uncontrolled blood glucose levels and an increased risk of chronic complications. This study aims to describe the 3J diet management compliance in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Kabila Community Health Center. This study used a descriptive quantitative design. The research variable was 3J diet management compliance. The population was 289 type 2 DM patients, and a sample of 75 respondents selected using accidental sampling techniques. The instrument used was a 3J diet compliance questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately using frequency distribution to describe the level of respondent compliance. The results of the study based on indicators, compliance with the type of diet showed that 45 respondents (60.0%) were non-compliant, the number of calories showed that 41 respondents (54.7%) were non-compliant, while the meal schedule showed that 47 respondents (62.7%) were compliant. These findings illustrate that most patients still experience difficulties in managing the type and amount of food, even though they have been quite good at complying with the meal schedule. The Community Health Center is advised to conduct monitoring activities and further research is suggested to develop peer tutoring-based intervention methods.
Quality of Life Among Older Adults Living with HIV: A Literature Review Saniyya, Shinta Elrica; Ardianto, Nova; Trisiswati, Maya
Medical and Health Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mhj.2026.5.2.18831

Abstract

Advances in antiretroviral therapy have extended the life expectancy of people living with HIV, leading to a growing population of older adults with this condition who face age-related biological decline alongside persistent psychosocial pressures that may reduce their quality of life. This review was conducted to describe the quality of life of older adults living with HIV and to examine the psychosocial factors influencing it based on research published in the past five years. A literature review approach was employed by searching several online databases and selecting studies published between 2019 and 2025 that focused on quality of life and psychosocial aspects among individuals aged 50 years and older living with HIV. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and show a consistent pattern indicating that the quality of life of older adults with HIV is shaped by psychosocial conditions such as stigma, depression, and limited social support, all of which contribute to diminished well-being. Conversely, protective factors such as resilience and community support play a crucial role in enhancing psychological health and improving overall quality of life. These findings highlight that the well-being of older adults living with HIV is strongly influenced by their psychosocial environment, and emphasize the need for interventions that strengthen social support and foster resilience to promote better quality of life within this population.

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