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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 885 Documents
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Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Aloe vera–Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) untuk Penyembuhan Luka Epidermolisis Bulosa: Pendekatan Fitokimia, In Silico, dan In Vivo Farah Dhiba; Mawandha Sari Harahap; Sony Eka Nugraha
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1646

Abstract

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic skin disorder characterized by chronic wounds and delayed healing, requiring alternative therapies that support tissue regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a gel formulation containing Aloe vera extract and Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) essential oil for EB wound healing. The novelty of this study lies in the combination of Aloe vera and Andaliman as a topical phytopharmaceutical approach for EB-like wounds. This combination was selected based on the complementary mechanisms of Aloe vera, which supports wound healing, fibroblast activity, and re-epithelialization, and Andaliman, which exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical screening, GC–MS analysis, antioxidant assay, gel evaluation, in silico docking against VEGF-A, and in vivo testing in EB-like wound rats were performed. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. GC–MS identified 38 compounds in Aloe vera and 20 compounds in Andaliman. Antioxidant testing showed IC50 values of 165.2 µg/mL for Aloe vera and 98.7 µg/mL for Andaliman. The gel formulations showed acceptable physicochemical properties, with pH 5.8–6.1, viscosity 3,800–4,700 cPs, and good adhesion. Docking results showed strong interactions of lupeol, anthranol, and paulownin with VEGF-A. In vivo, F3 (4% Aloe vera and 3% Andaliman) accelerated wound closure, improved epithelialization, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and significantly increased VEGF expression (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that Aloe vera–Andaliman gel is a promising topical candidate for EB wound management.
Potensi Peran Ekstrak Daun Castanopsis costata pada Sepsis: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Bukti Tidak Langsung dan Wawasan Mekanistik Arna Fransisca Millyanti Purba; Gusbakti Rusip; Maya Sari Mutia; Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1647

Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory condition characterized by dysregulated immune responses, excessive cytokine release, oxidative stress, and progressive multi-organ dysfunction. Natural products with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are increasingly investigated as adjunctive therapeutic candidates. Castanopsis costata, a Southeast Asian medicinal plant, has shown pharmacological potential in experimental studies, but its role in sepsis has not been systematically evaluated. This review assessed available evidence on the effects of C. costata leaf extract on sepsis-related outcomes in rat models. A literature search was conducted in Scopus and Google Scholar. A total of 388 records were identified, including 132 from Scopus and 256 from Google Scholar. After removing 122 duplicates, 266 records were screened against predefined eligibility criteria for animal model, sepsis induction, intervention, control, and reported outcomes. Five studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. No study directly evaluated C. costata leaf extract in experimental sepsis. However, studies using chemical organ injury models showed that C. costata leaf extract at 100–400 mg/kg significantly reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity, and protected liver and kidney tissues from paracetamol- and gentamicin-induced injury. Leaf fractions also demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity comparable to diclofenac sodium, strong antioxidant capacity, and no toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Although direct evidence of sepsis is unavailable, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of C. costata suggest potential relevance to sepsis pathophysiology. Further in vivo studies using established sepsis models are required.
Efikasi Ekstrak Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) terhadap Penyembuhan Ulkus Diabetik: Tinjauan Literatur Edlin Edlin; Gusbakti Rusip; Maya Sari Mutia; Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1648

Abstract

Diabetic ulcers, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are chronic complications of diabetes mellitus characterized by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, increased infection risk, and delayed tissue remodeling. Botanically derived adjuncts have gained attention because their mixed phytochemical profiles may act on several wound-healing pathways simultaneously. Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is an alkaloid-rich Rubiaceae plant with reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pro-regenerative activities. This review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the potential role of Mitragyna speciosa extract in diabetic ulcer healing, distinguish kratom-specific evidence from broader botanical context, and identify key knowledge gaps that must be addressed before clinical translation. Methods: A PRISMA-style systematic review was conducted using an internet search engine, which returned 521 records. Records were screened against predefined population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study-design, and attribution criteria. Eight sources met the eligibility criteria and were synthesized qualitatively. Results: No clinical trial, observational study, or in vivo diabetic-wound study directly compared kratom extract with standard wound care. Kratom-specific evidence was limited to in vitro and formulation studies. The available in vitro synthesis reported suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species, as well as stimulation of cell migration and angiogenesis. A topical spray film-forming kratom formulation has been developed, but efficacy data are not yet available. Broader systematic reviews indicate that botanical adjuncts may improve DFU healing outcomes, but these reviews did not include kratom. Current evidence supports biological plausibility but does not establish comparative effectiveness. Standardized kratom formulations require in vivo validation, dose-response assessment, safety evaluation, and adequately powered randomized clinical trials before any clinical recommendation can be made.
Ekstrak Buah Etlingera elatior dan Penyembuhan Ulkus Diabetik: Tinjauan Literatur terhadap Bukti Tidak Langsung dan Kesenjangan Penelitian Chrismas Gideon Bangun; Gusbakti Rusip; Maya Sari Mutia; Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1649

Abstract

Diabetic ulcers are major complications of diabetes mellitus and remain a significant clinical challenge due to impaired wound healing, persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to infection. Natural products with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties have been increasingly investigated as complementary therapies for diabetic wound management. Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) is a tropical medicinal plant containing bioactive compounds with promising pharmacological activities. However, its potential role in diabetic ulcer treatment has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess available evidence regarding the potential effects of E. elatior fruit extract on diabetic ulcers in animal models through a literature review with a systematic search approach. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar and Scopus databases, followed by screening using predefined inclusion criteria related to animal studies, diabetic ulcer models, and E. elatior fruit extract intervention. The selection process followed the PRISMA framework. No study directly tested E. elatior fruit extract on diabetic ulcers in animal models. However, indirect evidence showed strong biological plausibility. Ethanol extract of E. elatior fruit demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetic rodents, with 400 mg/kgBW identified as the most effective dose for reducing plasma glucose and protecting pancreatic β-cells. Other studies reported significant reduction of hsCRP (p < 0.05), improvement in renal function, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Major compounds included quercetin, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, and other phenolic and flavonoid compounds. These findings suggest potential therapeutic relevance, although direct in vivo diabetic wound studies are still required.
Evaluasi Praklinis Asam Askorbat pada Sepsis Eksperimental dan Kesenjangan Penelitian Centella asiatica pada Sepsis Terinduksi Staphylococcus aureus: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Sabar Hamonangan Victorianus Napitu; Gusbakti Rusip; Maya Sari Mutia; Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1650

Abstract

Background: Adjunctive antioxidant therapy has been extensively investigated in experimental sepsis; however, evidence regarding the combined effects of Centella asiatica extract and ascorbic acid on survival outcomes remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate preclinical evidence on the survival benefits of C. asiatica extract and/or ascorbic acid in experimental sepsis, particularly in Staphylococcus aureus-induced models, and to identify research gaps. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in Scopus (n=126) and Google Scholar (n=467) to identify controlled in vivo rat studies evaluating C. asiatica extract and/or ascorbic acid supplementation in sepsis models with reported survival outcomes. Data extraction covered intervention characteristics, sepsis models, survival endpoints, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters, organ injury indicators, and statistical analyses. Results: Of 593 initial records, 403 were screened after duplicate removal, and five studies met eligibility criteria. All included studies evaluated ascorbic acid monotherapy in sepsis models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or fecal intraperitoneal injection (FIP); none used S. aureus and none evaluated C. asiatica extract. Ascorbic acid monotherapy consistently improved survival: 48-hour survival increased from 5.5% to 61% (p<0.0007) and 7-day survival from 30% to 45% (p<0.05) in CLP models, accompanied by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP), decreased oxidative stress, and attenuated multiorgan injury. Conclusion: This review identifies a critical research gap: no preclinical study has evaluated C. asiatica extract, alone or in combination with ascorbic acid, in S. aureus-induced sepsis. The available evidence is limited to ascorbic acid monotherapy in alternative sepsis models, which cannot be directly generalized to staphylococcal sepsis due to pathophysiological differences. Direct experimental studies using validated S. aureus sepsis models are urgently needed before any therapeutic recommendation can be made.  
Penilaian Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Berdasarkan Indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional di Puskesmas Teluk Merbau Lilik Septiana; Darwin Syamsul; Ziza Putri Aisyia Fauzi; Cut Intan Annisa Cut Intan Annisa Puteri; Ferina Septiani Damanik
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1652

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and contribute substantially to outpatient visits in primary healthcare facilities. Inappropriate antibiotic use in ARI management may accelerate antimicrobial resistance, a major global public health concern. Therefore, monitoring antibiotic utilization through Rational Drug Use (RDU) indicators is essential to promote appropriate prescribing practices. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns and assess compliance with Rational Drug Use indicators among ARI patients at Teluk Merbau Primary Health Care Center. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using prescription records of patients diagnosed with ARIs from January to December 2022. Total sampling was applied, and all eligible prescriptions were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages based on the Rational Drug Use indicators established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. A total of 261 ARI prescriptions were analyzed. Female patients accounted for 55.94% of cases, while adults represented the largest age group (62.07%). Among all prescriptions, 90 contained antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (56.13%), followed by cefixime (18.33%), ciprofloxacin (11.83%), cefadroxil (10.10%), cotrimoxazole (2.02%), and metronidazole (1.59%). The proportion of antibiotic prescribing was 26.97%, exceeding the national RDU target of less than 20%. Antibiotic prescribing among ARI patients at Teluk Merbau Primary Health Care Center exceeded the recommended RDU indicator. Continuous monitoring, adherence to clinical guidelines, and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary to promote rational antibiotic use.
Potensi Terapeutik Ekstrak Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) dalam Pengelolaan Diabetes Tipe-2: Tinjauan Literatur Arvilla Henarta Putri; Yennie Agnes Pranata
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1654

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by insulin resistance, aberrant insulin secretion, and persistent hyperglycemia. There are different treatments existing but there is a need for complementary. Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) medicinal herb with bioactive substance having antidiabetic property. The purpose of this study was to aimed Portulaca oleracea L. therapeutic potential, bioactive components, and underlying processes in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The literature review was developed through a comprehensive examination of published journal articles retrieved from major academic databases, including Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and ScienceDirec. Many studies have demonstrated that Portulaca oleracea L. possesses significant antidiabetic effect. These seem to result from insulin-sensitizing,a generalized, suppression of NF-κB-related inflammation, AMPK pathway stimulation/activation of eNOS expression in general, gut bacteria regulation effects, and carbohydrate digesting inhibition; whether by glycemic index level processes use/alleviation of those responses as an energy expenditure process. The dose effective in animal studies is between 50 and 500 mg/kg/day. Immediate clinical trials (1.0–1.8 g/day) demonstrate powerful improvements of fasting glucose, HbA1c lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress marker. Portulaca oleracea L. showed promise as an additional treatment for type 2 diabetes. Its bioactive components work in concert to address a variety of pathogenic targets. To validate the best therapeutic use, standardized extraction procedures and extensive clinical dose-finding studies are required.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik di Kelurahan Megang Kota Lubuklinggau Maifitrianti Maifitrianti; Tuti Wiyati; Shinta Ayu Lestari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1661

Abstract

Introduction: The irrational use of antibiotics has become a global concern due to its potential to trigger antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Various factors contribute to inappropriate antibiotic use, among which limited public knowledge about antibiotics plays a significant role. Understanding the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic use is essential for designing effective educational interventions, particularly in communities with limited access to health information. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and to analyze the relationship between these two variables among the community in Megang urban village, Lubuklinggau City, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023 involving 300 respondents selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire comprising three sections: sociodemographic characteristics (6 items), knowledge (12 items), and attitudes (8 items). Knowledge and attitude scores were categorized based on median values. The relationship between knowledge and attitude was analyzed using the Spearman Rho correlation test. Results: The majority of respondents (63.3%) demonstrated good knowledge regarding antibiotic use, while 50.3% exhibited positive attitudes. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.481; p < 0.001), indicating a moderate strength of association. This finding suggests that better knowledge is associated with more positive attitudes toward appropriate antibiotic use. Conclusion: A significant positive relationship exists between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic use in the study population. These findings underscore the importance of implementing structured educational interventions, particularly at primary healthcare facilities, to enhance both knowledge and attitudinal aspects of antibiotic use, thereby contributing to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance
Hubungan Kadar Protein S100B Serum dengan Volume Perdarahan dan Tingkat Keparahan Pasien Perdarahan Intraserebral Spontan Fadrian Herjunio; Syarif Indra; Restu Susanti; Yuliarni Syafrita; Dedi Sutia; Reno Bestari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1662

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is a hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and morbidity rates. Hemorrhage volume and the degree of neurological severity are important factors influencing prognosis. Brain tissue damage due to hemorrhage triggers the release of biomarkers such as S100B protein, which is secreted by astrocytes. This study aims to determine the relationship between serum S100B protein levels and the volume of bleeding and severity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 patients with primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage aged ≥18 years with onset within 0–24 hours, admitted to Dr. M. Djamil Padang General Hospital between August 2025 and February 2026 and confirmed by head CT scan. Serum S100B protein levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemorrhage volume was assessed using the Broderick method, and severity was assessed using the NIHSS score. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A total of 30 patients (63.8%) had a bleeding volume <30 cc and 27 patients (57.4%) had moderate neurological deficits. The median serum S100B protein level was 0.049 µg/L. There was a significant median difference between serum S100B protein levels and hemorrhage volume (p=0.047), but not with clinical severity based on the NIHSS (p=0.173). Serum S100B protein levels differed significantly between the small and large hemorrhage volume groups, but not across clinical severity groups based on the NIHSS.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Total Flavonoid dan Alkaloid Bonggol Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus L.) Innal Saitis; A.M. Muslihin; Lukman Hardia; Angga Bayu Budiyanto; Irwandi Irwandi; Marzella Dea Rossardy; Wahyuni Watora; Justitia Cahyani Fadli; Wiwit Ayu Fitrianti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1666

Abstract

Background: Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) is an endemic plant of Papua that has been traditionally used to treat various diseases. Its biological activities are associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids and alkaloids. Objective: This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites and evaluate the effect of different extraction methods on the total flavonoid and alkaloid contents of ethanolic extracts of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) stem core. Methods: Extraction was performed using three different methods, namely maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction with ethanol as the solvent. Secondary metabolites were identified qualitatively, while total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins in the ethanolic extract of red fruit stem core. The total flavonoid contents obtained by maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction were 218.966 mgQE/g (21.89%), 104.023 mgQE/g (10.40%), and 247.701 mgQE/g (24.77%), respectively. The total alkaloid contents obtained by maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction were 145.770 mgAE/g (14.58%), 65.767 mgAE/g (6.58%), and 76.433 mgAE/g (7.64%), respectively. Conclusion: The extraction method affected the total flavonoid and alkaloid contents obtained from the sample. Reflux extraction produced the highest total flavonoid content (247.701 mgQE/g), whereas maceration produced the highest total alkaloid content (145.770 mgAE/g). Therefore, reflux was the most effective method for flavonoid extraction, while maceration was the most effective method for alkaloid extraction from the stem core of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.).

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