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Spektrum Industri
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 16936590     EISSN : 24422630     DOI : https://doi.org/10.12928/si.vxix.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Spektrum Industri ISSN 1693-6590(print); ISSN 2442-2630(online) is a Journal that publish scientific articles in the science scope related to engineering and/or industrial management both research and theoretical. Literature review will be considered if it is written by an expert.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 73 Documents
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Prototype Design of Ergo-Flexibility Wheelchair Based on Stakeholder Technical Requirements, Zachman Framework Approach, and Nigel Cross Method Integration Setiawan, Heri; Budiyanto, Tri; Rinamurti, Micheline; Budiarto, Dominikus; Dicka Pratama, Yohanes; Alfian, Achmad
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.356

Abstract

The increasing demand for ergonomic and flexible wheelchairs in Indonesia highlights the need for innovation that meets both user needs and national standards. Most wheelchairs circulating in the domestic market are low-cost imported products that do not comply with the ISO 7176 series SNI 09-4663-1998 medical device standard, leading to concerns over safety and quality assurance. This study aims to design an ergo-flexibility wheelchair prototype based on stakeholder technical requirements while identifying gaps in the existing standards to improve product competitiveness and user protection. The research integrates the Zachman Framework according to the FACTS stages with the Nigel Cross seven-step design method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and participatory ergonomics focus group discussions. The data analysis employed the Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) method to determine stakeholder agreement levels. The findings identified seven key technical parameters, stability, maneuverability, mobility, dimensions, strength, durability, and product information, that are essential for wheelchair standardization. The mapping analysis revealed that the current SNI standard primarily emphasizes product strength through drop testing, while other ergonomic and safety factors remain unaddressed. From the evaluation of three design alternatives, Alternative 2 was selected, featuring aluminum material, dimensions of 1000 mm (L), 620 mm (W), and 910 mm (H), a foldable transport design, semi-manual manufacturing, and a weight of 12 kg with an 80 kg load capacity. Prototype testing using a roll machine and static load confirmed its structural reliability and ergonomic performance. The research contributes to advancing national wheelchair standards by integrating stakeholder-driven design parameters, promoting local innovation, and enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian medical devices.
Determining the International Hub Port on Sumatra Island Using the Integration of Geographic Information System and Analytical Hierarchy Process Methods Setijadi, Setijadi; Hartati, Verani; Fauzi, Muchammad; Salma, Melati
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.361

Abstract

Indonesia’s maritime trade development heavily depends on the effective utilization of its port infrastructure, particularly in Sumatra, which is strategically located along the Malacca Strait and near major ASEAN markets. However, trade and logistics activities remain concentrated in Java, creating regional imbalances and leaving western Indonesian ports underutilized. This study aims to identify the most strategic ports in Sumatra that can serve as international trade hubs by developing a spatially integrated, multi-criteria evaluation framework. Three main criteria, trade volume, global connectivity, and multimodal accessibility, were assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert input from port management, logistics, and transport planning specialists. Geographic Information System (GIS)-based proximity analysis was applied to evaluate each port’s access to roads, railways, and industrial centers, producing a Multimodal Connectivity Index integrated into the AHP model. The findings reveal that Boom Baru (Palembang), Belawan (Medan), and Batu Ampar (Batam) rank as the top-performing ports, with final scores of 0.875, 0.855, and 0.800, respectively. These ports exhibit high trade volumes and superior multimodal connectivity, with Boom Baru and Belawan achieving the highest connectivity index (2.67 out of 3.00). In contrast, Pekanbaru and Tanjung Balai Karimun scored lower due to limited infrastructure and weaker integration. The study concludes that incorporating GIS-based spatial analysis into the AHP framework reduces subjectivity in port evaluation and provides a replicable, data-driven tool for regional infrastructure prioritization. This approach contributes a novel composite index and offers strategic insights for developing Sumatra’s role in Indonesia’s maritime trade network.
Integrating Explainable AI and the Kano Model to Derive Improvement Strategies for Essential Oils from Online Reviews Zaman, Akhdan; Liquiddanu, Eko
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.391

Abstract

Growing consumer interest in natural wellness products, particularly essential oils, highlights the need to understand key quality product attributes affecting consumer satisfaction. In the digital era, customer reviews in marketplaces have become the main source of consumer-driven insights for improving production and service processes. However, conventional approaches often fail to systematically extract actionable insights from these unstructured data sources. This study proposes an integrated machine learning framework for three market on essential oils and their derivatives. This framework transforms thousands of online customer reviews into a structured analysis of satisfaction dimensions. The approach uniquely contributes by employing regression model combined with Explainable AI (SHAP) and KANO Classification to systematically applied based on SHAP insights to develop a marketing strategy based on three market segments for essential oil products and their derivatives. Eleven critical satisfaction dimensions were extracted, including aroma, price, packaging, delivery, and others. These segment-specific insights imply that producers should prioritize reliable pricing and delivery for low-tier markets, ensure strict price fairness and value consistency for mid-tier consumers, and, for high-tier segments, focus on integrating diffuser compatibility as a basic requirement while leveraging bonuses as emotional value-adds to enhance customer delight. Theoretically, this research introduces a scalable, Explainable AI-based approach for applying the Kano model to unstructured textual data, overcoming limitations of traditional survey methods.  Despite its strengths, this study is limited by the absence of validation for the Kano categorization through survey-based procedures. Future work will address this limitation by conducting perception-based surveys or interviews to validate and refine the inferred categorizations. Nonetheless, this research contributes a methodology and provides actionable strategies for essential oil producers to align product improvements with consumer expectations in digital commerce environments.
Why Riders Break the Rules: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Traffic Violations in a Developing Region Yusi Irawati, Desrina; Sri Widari , Nyoman; Ruben Canariesa , Armadeo
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.393

Abstract

Traffic violations remain a major contributor to road traffic accidents in Indonesia. Despite government initiatives, limited research has examined the psychological and contextual factors driving this behavior. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating risk perception, habit, emotional condition, environmental condition, and legal knowledge and awareness. A structured questionnaire (N=100) was administered to motorcyclists and/or car drivers in East Java; items were derived from established scales and refined using field observations and a pilot test. Respondents were selected using stratified area sampling to ensure relevance. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS). Key findings: attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted behavioral intention; intention strongly predicted actual violation behavior; risk perception negatively predicted permissive attitudes. Habit, subjective norms, emotional and environmental conditions, and legal knowledge were not significant predictors. The study contributes theoretically by refining TPB with risk perception as an antecedent of attitude, and practically by suggesting interventions targeting attitudes and risk awareness supported by technology-assisted enforcement in developing-country contexts.
Closing the Loop: Goal Programming-Based Optimization in a Tofu-Centered Agro-Eco-Industrial Park Putri, Ade Aisyah Arifna; Purwaningsih, Ratna; Azzahra, Faradhina; Hartini, Sri; Irawan, Candra; Oryzanti, Parwa
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.396

Abstract

Developing an agro-eco-industrial park based on the tofu industry must consider the balance of each agro-industry's production capacity. This research aims to (1) develop an optimization model for material flow between industries and (2) explain the material flow and provide waste utilization recommendations for other industries to create a closed loop. The industries involved in this agro-eco-industrial park consist of the tofu industry, fertilizer producers, tempeh gembus producers, cattle farms, biodigesters, paddy farmers, soybean producers, and nata de soya producers. The model was created using a goal programming approach. Traditional tofu processing generally generates a variety of waste with high nutritional value, but it is detrimental to the environment if disposed of directly. The flow of materials among the related industries is based on the tofu industrial cluster, which consists of 30 industries in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia. The expected output comprises eight decision variables representing the production amount of industries. Data analysis reveals that the model outperforms the current conditions, with the waste recycling rate increasing from 14 % to 97 %. This model converts waste into valuable resources such as fertilizer and gas energy through biodigester processing and other economically viable methods.
Integration of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Ergonomic Work Posture Analysis to Redesign the Dyeing Table at Batik Mahkota Laweyan Muslimah, Etika; Choirunnisa, Hasna; Munawir, Hafidh; Danang Aryo Putro Satriono, Raden
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.404

Abstract

The traditional batik industry still depends on non-ergonomic tools, especially during the Colet dyeing process, which exposes artisans to significant musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risks. Prolonged static postures, repetitive arm movements, and mismatched table heights cause discomfort in the back, shoulders, and neck, ultimately reducing productivity. This study aims to design an ergonomic workstation that enhances safety and comfort for batik workers through the integration of the Nordic Body Map (NBM), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approaches. Three workers from Batik Mahkota Laweyan participated in the research through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. NBM identified the colet process as the most discomfort-inducing activity, while the initial REBA score of 9 indicated a very high ergonomic risk. The QFD analysis translated workers’ needs into specific technical criteria, such as adjustable height, tiltable surface, and lightweight materials, resulting in a redesigned dyeing table prototype. CATIA simulations validated the improvement, with the REBA score decreasing from 9 to 3, signifying a shift from high to low risk. The findings confirm that integrating ergonomic analysis tools with participatory design effectively reduces MSD risk and supports user-centered innovations in traditional craft industries. The study contributes theoretically by proposing a replicable framework that bridges ergonomic assessment and design application, and practically by providing a validated workstation design that improves comfort, health, and productivity. The novelty lies in the combined use of NBM, REBA, and QFD within a single methodological framework, an approach rarely applied in the traditional batik sector, demonstrating how systematic ergonomic integration can modernize artisanal practices while preserving cultural craftsmanship.
Optimizing Green Vehicle Routing Problem for Halal and Non-Halal Products using Salp Swarm Algorithm Marsetiya Utama, Dana; Leilani Salsabilah, Aisyah
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.413

Abstract

Modern distribution systems must clearly distinguish between halal and non-halal items, particularly in areas with sizable Muslim populations and rising awareness of halal integrity. Consumer confidence may suffer, halal principles may be broken, and cross-contamination may result from failing to maintain this separation. This research uses the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP) approach, which is solved with the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), to develop a joint distribution optimization model for halal and non-halal products in an effort to address these issues. With complete separation and adherence to halal logistics regulations, this methodology aims to reduce Total Distribution Cost (TDC), which comprises fuel expenses, carbon emissions, and operating costs. The SSA method is combined with Large Rank Value (LRV) to convert continuous solutions into practical and feasible route sequences. Simulation results using synthetic data from 20 customer locations show that increasing the population size and SSA iterations consistently reduces the TDC value until stable convergence is achieved. The model also proves to be robust to changes in fuel costs, emissions, and vehicles without altering the route structure. Overall, the results of the research show that the SSA-based GVRP model is capable of providing efficient and sustainable halal logistics solutions. The novelty of this research lies in the explicit integration of halal and non-halal segregation with the SSA-based GVRP optimization framework in a single sustainable distribution system.
Weighting the Indoor Environmental Quality on Work Performance Tranggono, Tranggono; Anggoro, Radityo; Mukhtarul Haqi, Muhamad; Pramoedya Nugroho, Aldi
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.420

Abstract

Poor indoor environmental conditions are often associated with reduced concentration, lower motivation, and decreased productivity in office settings. Addressing this issue requires a systematic assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and its contribution to work performance. This study examines the effect of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) on office worker performance, focusing on five components: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Thermal Comfort, Lighting Quality, Acoustic Quality, and Occupant Experience. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) was applied to determine the relative importance of these factors through a combination of subjective surveys and objective weighting using linear programming. Results indicate that Occupant Experience, particularly ergonomic improvements such as adjustable furniture and optimized layouts, has the strongest influence on productivity. Thermal Comfort ranks second, followed by Lighting Quality, Acoustic Quality, and IAQ. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness and consistency of the findings. This research contributes by offering a systematic weighting of IEQ factors, highlighting the central role of ergonomics in workplace design. The study emphasizes that integrating ergonomic and environmental considerations is essential to improve worker performance. The novelty of this study lies in integrating Occupant Experience into the BWM framework, providing a more comprehensive model of IEQ and offering new insights for designing healthier and more productive office environments.
Open Field Layout Problem Using Hybrid Approaches: A Systematic Review Montreano, Donny; Daihani, Dadan Umar; Septiani, Winnie; Suhardini, Didien
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.439

Abstract

The Open Field Layout Problem (OFLP) is a free-configuration layout problem characterized by the absence of floor constraints and an unlimited number of potential solutions. This systematic literature review analyzed over 3,000 Scopus-indexed articles using the keyword "facility layout problem" and related terms, identifying 154 studies that applied hybrid approaches. Terms such as two-stage, multi-stage, or similar variations were classified accordingly. The review revealed that OFLP is not a monolithic concept but comprises five principal types: (1) layouts without aisles or floor boundaries, (2) tightly packed layouts with minimal spacing, (3) layouts with aisles and large residual space, (4) layouts with aisles and floor boundaries, and (5) layouts with aisles but no floor boundaries. The first type is most commonly addressed, while the fifth remains underexplored. This classification highlights a critical research gap and points to opportunities for advancing from low- to high-level hybrid strategies
Cost Model of Activity Oriented Municipal Solid Waste Management: Integration of Activity Based Costing/Management and Causal Loop Diagram Dermawan, Dedi; Mulyadi, Agus; Wardana, Sajidi
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.445

Abstract

The increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Pekanbaru, a densely populated city in Riau Province, has led to higher waste management costs. In 2023, the city generated 1,011 tons of waste daily, with management costs reaching around IDR 93 billion. Traditional cost calculation methods are often inaccurate, failing to account for the activities involved in MSW management. This study develops an activity-based cost management model using Activity-Based Costing/Management (ABC/M) to map costs to specific waste management activities, combined with Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD) to analyze activity relationships and formulate a mathematical cost model. The application of ABC/M identified four primary waste management activities: collection, transportation, processing, and disposal. The results show a total waste management cost of approximately IDR 91 billion, with CLD revealing dynamics such as the impact of incentives on recycling rates and the balancing effects of transportation and waste bank usage on waste generation. This study contributes provides a novel cost model for municipal waste management, offering both theoretical and practical contributions for improving cost efficiency and resource allocation.

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