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Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3090630X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
The Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health (MICTOPH) is an annual international conference organized by the Faculty of Public Health (FKM), Universitas Mulawarman. This event serves as a platform to gather and integrate diverse, constructive, and comprehensive ideas, concepts, and perspectives. The outcomes of these discussions and presentations aim to form the foundation for addressing and solving various challenges in the field of public health, particularly those related to tropical regions. Through collaboration and knowledge exchange, MICTOPH strives to contribute to the advancement of public health research and practices.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 311 Documents
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The Lead (Pb) Concentration in Oysters and the Un-Safe Health Risk inCommunities around Coastal areas Balikpapan, East Kalimantan Febriani, Bekti Ananda; Sedionoto, Blego; Almahdi, Ismail Fahmi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The hygiene and sanitation conditions of traditional markets are essential for ensuring community food safety. The Beluluq Lingau Thematic Market in Samarinda City promotes local Dayak culture and offers both general and traditional East Kalimantan foods Objective : This study aimed to describe food hygiene and sanitation conditions at Beluluq Lingau Market and to assess microbiological quality based on the coliform parameter Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This research used an analytical descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were total sampling from 6 food stalls and 10 food handlers. Data were collected through observation and interviews using inspection form from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (Peraturan Pemerintah No. 66/2014). Microbiological analysis was conducted on seven food samples using secondary data from Puskesmas Sempaja from routine monitoring with sanitarian kit. The parameters tested included total coliform and Escherichia coli. Results : Result showed that 50% of food stalls did not meet hygiene and sanitation requirements. The unmet aspects included covered waste bins (100%), use of masks and aprons (100%), and vector control (100%). A total of five out of seven food samples (71.4%) tested positive for coliform, with bacterial counts exceeding 100, two negative samples were traditional snacks wrapped in plastic and leaves. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Food stalls at the Beluluq Lingau Market still require improvement in hygiene and sanitation to prevent microbiological contamination. Strengthening food safety training and ensuring the availability of sanitation facilities such as food covers during serving, personal protective equipment, and covered waste bins are essential
Household Smoking Behaviour: Insights from the 2024 Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (PHBS) Survey, Puskesmas Lempake Jaya, Andi Rahmad; Rohmah, Nur; Nurrachmawati, Annisa
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Based on the 2024 Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (PHBS) Household Survey conducted in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Lempake, the indicator of “not smoking inside the home” showed an achievement rate of 77.6%, which remains below the national target of 85%. This finding indicates that many household members are still not fully aware of the health risks associated with exposure to cigarette smoke, particularly for children and pregnant women [2]. Smoking indoors increases the risk of respiratory illnesses and other non-communicable diseases, such as asthma, heart disease, and lung cancer. Objective : This study aims to describe smoking behaviour among households, identify factors contributing to indoor smoking practices, and emphasize the importance of health promotion interventions to support smoke-free homes Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study was a descriptive study design using secondary data from 264 household heads who participated in the 2024 PHBS survey Results : The analysis revealed that while most households understood the dangers of smoking, indoor smoking still occurred, particularly during leisure activities and family gatherings. The persistence of social smoking norms and low awareness of the risks of secondhand smoke, especially for children and pregnant women, were identified as contributing factors. These findings suggest that indoor smoking remains a challenge in realizing clean and healthy living behaviours within the community. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Strengthened health education, empowerment of community health workers, and cross-sectoral collaboration are needed to encourage behavioural change and family commitment toward smoke-free households, ultimately creating a healthier living environment.
Comprehensive literature review : Determinant Factors of Organophosphate pesticide Exposure and Its Impact on Farmers Cholinesterase Level Simanjuntak, Evi Paulina; Ramdan, Iwan M; Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure remains a significant occupational health issue in agricultural sectors, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. OP compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), enzymes responsible for breaking down acetylcholine at neural synapses. Their inhibition leads to acetylcholine accumulation, causing acute symptoms such as dizziness, tremor, nausea, and fatigue, as well as long-term effects including peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment. Blood cholinesterase activity serves as a key biomarker for pesticide exposure but can be influenced by various biological and occupational factors Objective : This scoping review aims to identify and map determinant factors affecting cholinesterase levels among farmers and pesticide sprayers exposed to OP pesticides, providing an evidence base for developing occupational health and safety (OHS) strategies. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, eight relevant studies were selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Garuda databases. The included studies involved agricultural workers exposed to OP or carbamate pesticides, with cholinesterase activity as the main outcome Results : Findings show that reduced cholinesterase activity results from multifactorial interactions. Individual factors such as age, gender, nutrition, and smoking influence detoxification capacity. Behavioral factors especially PPE use and hygiene significantly affect exposure, with compliant workers showing 18–25% higher enzyme activity. Occupational factors like long work duration and high spraying frequency decreased AChE by 28–30%. Organizational efforts, including biomonitoring and safety training, maintained enzyme activity within normal limits, while hot climates increased dermal absorption Conclusion/Lesson Learned : In conclusion, comprehensive OHS measures integrating education, monitoring, and safe work practices are essential to prevent pesticide-related subclinical poisoning
Meningitis Vaccination Compliance Among Umrah Pilgrims In Indonesia: A Narrative Review Nozomi, Alwan Zakki; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Umrah pilgrimage involves large gatherings of people from around the world, posing a high risk of disease transmission, especially meningococcal meningitis. Therefore, meningitis vaccination is mandatory as an absolute requirement for departure to prevent outbreaks. Although vaccination is mandatory, challenges related to the timeliness and compliance of vaccination at Port Health Offices (KKP) remain a crucial issue in Indonesia. This narrative review aims to synthesize and describe the meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims in Indonesia Objective : summarize, analyze, and interpret research results related to meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This review uses a narrative review method by analyzing 14 journal articles obtained from accredited journals from 2020 to 2025. The criteria for these articles are articles with independent variables focusing on factors related to vaccination compliance with vaccination compliance outcomes, articles with analytical observational designs. Selected articles were analyzed descriptively and narratively Results : results of the analysis show that the factors of knowledge and attitude of pilgrims are related to punctuality and vaccination compliance. In addition, support from the Umrah Travel Organizer (PPIU) or travel agent is also a predictor of compliance Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Compliance with meningitis vaccination among Umrah pilgrims is influenced by internal factors (knowledge and attitude) and external factors (travel support and PPIU support). The main recommendations are to strengthen education focused on the timing of vaccine administration and to improve effective coordination/socialization between KKP and PPIU to bridge the policy implementation gap
Digital Family Empowerment through SIMAMIK to Enhance FamilySupport and Maternal Happiness in Disaster-Prone Areas Kartiningrum, Eka Diah; Ginka, Mochammad Ivan Abdillah Putra; Syurandhari, Dwi Helynarti; Dewi, Fany Rosita; Diana, Sulis; Suhartanti, Ika; Fernandes, Angelina da Costa; beastbeast, Thabita; Abdurrahman, Adam
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Maternal health in disaster-prone areas is crucial and requires support. The development of digital information systems for maternal health monitoring has been extensively pursued. However, those focused on maternal companions as primary supporters have been limited, particularly in disaster-prone areas. Therefore, it is deemed urgent to develop a digital program to empower families of pregnant and postpartum women through SIMAMIK Objective : This study aims to examine the influence of the SIMAMIK application by maternal companions on the family support felt by mothers, and the happiness of mothers during pregnancy and postpartum in disaster-prone areas Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The research design used was a time series study, involving a population of all companions of pregnant and postpartum mothers and their companions located within the disaster zone of Mojokerto Regency, with a total population of 16,707. The companions used could be husbands or close family members who accompany the mothers daily. A sample of 108 people was taken using a cluster random sampling system. Data on family support, and maternal well-being were collected through observation and interviews using a questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Results : The study’s results showed a significant change in family support following the use of SIMAMIK (p-value = 0.001). In the status of maternal happiness, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.003). SIMAMIK proved to be the most influential in terms of family support. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : SIMAMIK is effective in increasing family attention to pregnant women, providing more regular health reports, and thus making mothers happier. Organized use of SIMAMIK should be a top priority for health facilitators to support maternal health and screen for pregnancy and postpartum complications, which can prevent maternal death
Performance Evaluation of Tim Pendamping Keluarga (TPK) in theAccelerated Stunting Reduction Programme within Kutai KartanegaraRegency in 2024 Ramadhani, Dewi Endah; Anggraeny, Ike Anggraeni G; Adrianto, Ratno
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in children under five (toddlers) resulting from chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections. This condition adversely affects the development of cognitive and physical abilities. Stunting prevention necessitates a multisectoral approach, including improvement in nutrition, hygiene and sanitation, maternal and child health, and socioeconomic factors. The main challenge of controlling stunting is the complexity of its determinants, including direct factors such as inadequate nutritional intake and indirect factors such as poverty and low education (Black et al., 2013; UNICEF, 2019). Objective : The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of Tim Pendamping Keluarga (TPK) in executing the accelerated stunting reduction program in Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2024 Research Methods/ Implementation : a quantitative descriptive approach, utilizing monitoring data, TPK output achievements, and verification across districts and sub-districts ResultsThe analysis revealed the highest accompaniment rate for children under two at 86.84%, followed by at-risk prospective spouses at 81.45%, postpartum women at 71.62%, and the lowest for pregnant women at 25.32%. The Pearson correlation between the target numbers and those who were affected is quite strong for children under two (R=0.99), spouses (R=0.98), and postpartum women (R=0.95), and lower for pregnant women (R=0.76), indicating implementation gaps in accompaniment for pregnant women. The synergy of KRS (At-Risk Families) data collection and verification through Elsimil, together with cross-sector collaboration, contributed to a reduction in the stunting prevalence in Kutai Kartanegara (from 27.1% in 2022 to 14.3% in 2024), although increasing accompaniment coverage for pregnant women remains a priority for improvement, with Kutai Kartanegara serving as a leading example in East Kalimantan. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Nevertheless, optimizing TPK resources remains a major concern. Accompaniment coverage for pregnant women must be strengthened in parallel with other targets, supported by TPK training or capacity building, supervision, and improvements in data integration systems so that the Kutai Kartanegara accompaniment model can be adopted as a national best practice for stunting reduction.
Perception and Prevention Efforts Toward HIV Transmission AmongFemale Sex Workers and Seafarers Aditya, Aditya; Nurrachmawati, Annisa; Rohmah, Nur
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Female sex workers (FSWs) and seafarers are high-risk groups for HIV transmission, especially in isolated coastal regions such as Muara Berau, East Kalimantan. Complex interactions between economic dependency, limited health service access, and gender inequality contribute to inconsistent condom use and high-risk sexual behavior. Although global studies have examined these dynamics, Indonesian maritime and port contexts remain understudied Objective : To summarize, analyze, and interpret research findings related to perceptions and preventive behaviors against HIV transmission among FSWs and seafarers, emphasizing condom negotiation, structural barriers, and contextual risk factors in coastal communities Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative review was conducted using 32 scientific articles published from 2010 to 2025, retrieved from national and international journals. The literature was analyzed thematically using theoretical frameworks including the Health Belief Model (HBM), Social Ecological Model (SEM), and Theory of Gender and Power to identify determinants of condom use, behavioral change, and prevention barriers Results : Findings reveal that HIV prevention among FSWs and seafarers is influenced by economic pressures, client dominance, social stigma, and limited access to health services. Knowledge and perceived benefits of condom use are often high, but behavioral consistency remains low. Structural barriers—mobility, gender power imbalance, and lack of outreach—exacerbate risk exposure. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Effective HIV prevention in coastal Indonesia requires multilevel interventions addressing socio-economic, behavioral, and structural determinants. Empowering FSWs’ negotiation capacity, enhancing seafarers’ awareness, and strengthening outreach-based health programs are essential to close the knowledge–practice gap
Determinants of Sanitation and Menstrual Hygiene Adherence Among Female Students in Coastal North Sumatera Indonesia Naria, Evi; Chahaya, Indra; Rusmalawaty, Rusmalawaty; Sinurat, Novita Olivia; Atika, Raihana; Siagian, Ardin Hermansyah
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Menstrual hygiene of women in coastal areas which do not fulfill the health standard can increase the risk of reproductive tract infections, such as vaginal discharge, candidiasis, fungal infections, and cervical cancer. Limited access to sanitation facilities, lack of information, and poor hygiene habits negatively affect menstrual hygiene practices Objective : to analyze predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors related to menstrual hygiene among female students in coastal areas Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This research was an observational study with a crosssectional design conducted in Medan City and Batubara Regency. The sample consisted of 300 female junior high school students who had experienced menstruation. Variables included age at menarche, sources of information, and knowledge of menstrual hygiene (Predisposing), family support and menstrual restrictions (Reinforcing), availability of clean water, soap, and dustbins (Enabling). Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval. Results : The results showed that 56% had their first menstruation (menarche) after the age of 12, 94.3% received information from their families, and 52% had good knowledge, all significantly related to menstrual hygiene practices (p = 0.005). Family support was also significantly associated (p = 0.014). Despite the availability of clean water (93.7%), soap (81.7%), and dustbins (81.7%), poor menstrual hygiene was still found in 86.7% of the students Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Knowledge, as a predisposing factor, and family support, as a reinforcing factor, need to be improved to improve the sanitation and menstrual hygiene practice
The Influence of Health Education on Sexually Transmitted Diseases inAdolescents: A Literature Review Susanto, Aswin; Nurrachmawati, Annisa; Rohmah, Nur
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Adolescents are vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) due to limited knowledge, permissive sexual attitudes, and lack of access to reproductive health information. Literature from community-based research shows that adolescents’ awareness and understanding of reproductive health remain low, increasing their risk of STDs. Health education is an important effort to improve knowledge and prevent STD transmission among adolescents. Objective : This literature review aims to determine the effect of health education on adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases through various school-based media, including leaflets, booklets, lectures, and videos. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The reviewed studies used pre-experimental (one group pretest-posttest) and quasi-experimental designs with control groups. Participants were high school students or adolescents, and questionnaires were distributed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results : Findings show a significant improvement in adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes after receiving health education through interactive lectures and visual media such as leaflets or booklets. The use of simple, engaging language and interactive methods proved effective in increasing understanding of STD prevention and awareness of risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Health education effectively enhances adolescents knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Combining visual media with interactive lectures yields better outcomes than written materials alone
The Role of Parents in Reducing the Risk of Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents: A Scoping Review Putri, Anggela Pradiva; Eryando, Tris
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Adolescent mental health has become a global issue, especially with the rising cases of depression and anxiety following the COVID-19 pandemic. According to WHO data (2023), approximately 20% of adolescents worldwide experience mental health disorders, with the prevalence of mental disorders in Asia reaching 28% in 2022. In Indonesia, the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) reported that 2% of adolescents aged 15-24 suffer from depression. Social and economic factors, along with the significant role of the family, greatly influence adolescent mental health, especially in reducing the risk of mental health disorders. Objective : This study aims to conduct a scoping review of adolescent mental health disorders and explore the role of parents in reducing the risk of these disorders. The primary focus is on how parenting practices influence adolescent mental health. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A scoping review method was employed to map relevant literature on adolescent mental health disorders globally. Literature searches were conducted through databases such as ProQuest, Sage Journal, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, selecting articles published between 2014 and 2024. Results : The findings indicate that strong emotional attachment with parents and positive parenting practices can help reduce anxiety and enhance adolescents' emotional well-being. Parenting that involves open communication, emotional support, and acceptance of the child's feelings has proven effective in reducing the risk of mental health disorders in adolescents. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The role of parents in providing consistent emotional support is crucial for adolescent mental health. Parental involvement in fostering a strong emotional connection can reduce anxiety, enhance emotional well-being, and play a significant role in preventing mental health disorders.

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