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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Historiography; Philosophy of history; History of education (education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past); History education (curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks).
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sejarah
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History" : 15 Documents clear
Bahder Djohan’s Struggle: The Doctor’s Contribution to National Independence, Language, Emancipation, Social Affairs, and Education Nelmawarni; Fikri Surya Pratama; Zainal Arif
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.601

Abstract

Abstract: Within the domain of postcolonial nation-building and educational reform in countries of the Global South, the role of local intellectuals is frequently marginalised in international discourse. This article examines the figure of Bahder Djohan (1902–1981), an important yet relatively obscure figure in the context of modern Indonesian history. During his tenure as Minister of Education and Culture in the early days of independence, Djohan proposed a vision of education that integrated Minangkabau traditions, Islamic values, and the legacy of colonial education. The approach adopted by the aforementioned individual was such that education was regarded as a means of fostering moral character and facilitating social mobility, without the concomitant abandonment of local cultural roots. Utilising a qualitative approach, this article employs character study and historiography methods to provide a reconstruction of Djohan's biography. Furthermore, it conducts an analysis of his contributions to youth activism, women's emancipation, and post-independence institutional reform. Djohan eschewed imported ideological frameworks, instead developing his thinking through practical involvement in health development, gender equality, and national education. Djohan demonstrated equality of values with global figures such as Gandhi, Freire, and Tagore, especially in his struggle against colonial discrimination and his advocacy for social justice and cultural preservation. Nevertheless, his legacy remains conspicuously absent from both national curricula and international studies. The present article situates Djohan within the global discourse on postcolonial reform, thereby emphasising the importance of recognising local actors as key agents of change and agents of universal values in the history of global ideas. Abstrak: Dalam konteks pembangunan bangsa pasca kolonial dan reformasi pendidikan di negara-negara Global Selatan, peran intelektual lokal kerap terpinggirkan dalam wacana internasional. Artikel ini mengangkat sosok Bahder Djohan (1902–1981), tokoh penting namun kurang dikenal dalam sejarah Indonesia modern. Sebagai Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada masa awal kemerdekaan, Djohan menawarkan visi pendidikan yang menyatukan tradisi Minangkabau, nilai-nilai Islam, dan warisan pendidikan kolonial. Pendekatannya menjadikan pendidikan sebagai sarana pembentukan karakter moral dan mobilitas sosial, tanpa melepaskan akar budaya lokal. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi karakter dan historiografi, artikel ini merekonstruksi biografi Djohan serta menganalisis kontribusinya dalam aktivisme pemuda, emansipasi perempuan, dan reformasi kelembagaan pascakemerdekaan. Djohan menolak kerangka ideologis impor, dan justru membangun pemikirannya melalui keterlibatan praktis dalam pengembangan kesehatan, kesetaraan gender, dan pendidikan nasional. Djohan menunjukkan kesetaraan nilai dengan tokoh global seperti Gandhi, Freire, dan Tagore, terutama dalam perjuangannya melawan diskriminasi kolonial dan advokasinya terhadap keadilan sosial serta pelestarian budaya. Namun, warisannya masih absen dalam kurikulum nasional dan kajian internasional. Dengan menempatkan Djohan dalam diskursus global tentang reformasi pascakolonial, artikel ini menegaskan pentingnya merekognisi aktor lokal sebagai pelaku utama perubahan dan agen nilai universal dalam sejarah ide-ide global.  
Iconographic Studies Poster of the Exhibition and Night Market of the Dutch East Indies and Europe, 1930s Colonial Period Baskoro Suryo Banindro; Listia Natadjaja; Nina Hansopaheluwakan Edward
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.4386

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyses Art Deco (1930s) colonial exhibition posters from the Dutch East Indies and Europe to uncover their active role as an instrument of visual hegemony that transcends the discourse of exoticism. Through a critical comparative iconography approach (Panofsky's adaptation) reinforced by postcolonial theory (Said, 1978) and representation (Hall), the research reveals how Art Deco syntax, rigid geometry, machine typography, and modern chromaticism are used to transform colonial violence into "modernity", domesticating alterity through linguistic distortion. Build a global myth about the world order under European leadership. Key findings point to different aesthetic strategies: while European (French/Belgian) posters erase indigenous traces, the Dutch East Indies version adopts local terms distortively to assert epistemic control. The two met in Art Deco's function as a "universal visual language" that naturalized colonial hierarchies. Research concludes that Art Deco is not just a decorative style, but an ideological weapon that transforms exploitation into aesthetics, and oppression into "progress" in the global imagination of the 1930s. This underlines the enduring power of visual culture to shape ideologies, highlighting how the Art Deco movement functioned as an active agent in the legitimation and perpetuation of colonial dominance. Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis poster pameran kolonial bergaya Art Deco (1930-an) dari Hindia Belanda dan Eropa untuk membongkar peran aktifnya sebagai instrumen hegemoni visual yang melampaui wacana eksotisme. Melalui pendekatan ikonografi komparatif kritis (adaptasi Panofsky) yang diperkuat teori poskolonial (Said) dan representasi (Hall), penelitian mengungkap bagaimana sintaksis Art Deco, geometri rigid, tipografi mesin, dan kromatik modern, dimanfaatkan untuk mengubah kekerasan kolonial menjadi "modernitas", mendomestikasi alteritas melalui distorsi linguistic. Membangun mitos global tentang tatanan dunia di bawah kepemimpinan Eropa. Temuan kunci menunjukkan perbedaan strategi estetik: sementara poster Eropa (Prancis/Belgia) menghapus jejak pribumi, versi Hindia Belanda mengadopsi istilah lokal secara distorsif untuk menegaskan kontrol epistemik. Keduanya bertemu dalam fungsi Art Deco sebagai "bahasa visual universal" yang menaturalisasi hierarki kolonial. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Art Deco bukan sekadar gaya dekoratif, melainkan senjata ideologis yang mentransformasi eksploitasi menjadi estetika, dan penindasan menjadi "kemajuan" dalam imajinasi global era 1930-an.
The Joint Commitment of Malukan Nationalist: The Revolutionary Axis Against the Dutch (NICA) Police Actions Sem Touwe; Mohammad Amin Lasaiba
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.12111

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Abstract: This article examines the involvement of Malukan nationalists in the Indonesian National Revolution, particularly in confronting the attempted re-colonisation by the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) during the 1945–1947 period. The research employs historical methods—including archival research, primary and secondary literature studies, and narrative and social historiographical approaches—to trace the dynamics of local resistance, reflecting ideological, political, and diplomatic strategies in defending independence. The findings show that Malukan nationalists—through organisations such as PIM, PRIMA, KRIM, and PARPIM—succeeded in forming networks of struggle that transcended regional, religious, and social class boundaries, rejected colonial co-optation, and voiced the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia in both national and international forums. This resistance was not only military-based but also emphasized dimensions of identity, national solidarity, and the influence of local intellectual elites. Within the theoretical framework of postcolonial nationalism and political settlement, this study demonstrates that various active and strategic local actors and contexts shaped Indonesian nationalism. Thus, this article challenges the dominant Java-centric historiography and offers an academic contribution to the global discourse on decolonisation, national integration, and the agency of local communities in building the postcolonial state. Abstrak: Artikel ini menelaah keterlibatan kaum nasionalis Maluku dalam Revolusi Nasional Indonesia, khususnya dalam menghadapi upaya rekolonisasi oleh Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) pada periode 1945–1947. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah—meliputi penelitian arsip, kajian literatur primer dan sekunder, serta pendekatan historiografi naratif dan sosial—penelitian ini menelusuri dinamika perlawanan lokal yang mencerminkan strategi ideologis, politik, dan diplomatik dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nasionalis Maluku, melalui organisasi seperti PIM, PRIMA, KRIM, dan PARPIM, berhasil membangun jaringan perjuangan lintas daerah, agama, dan kelas sosial, menolak kooptasi kolonial, serta menyuarakan kedaulatan Republik Indonesia di forum nasional maupun internasional. Perlawanan ini tidak hanya bersifat militer, tetapi juga menekankan dimensi identitas, solidaritas kebangsaan, dan pengaruh kaum intelektual lokal. Dalam kerangka teori nasionalisme pascakolonial dan penyelesaian politik, studi ini membuktikan bahwa berbagai aktor dan konteks lokal yang aktif serta strategis turut membentuk nasionalisme Indonesia. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menantang historiografi dominan yang berpusat pada Jawa serta memberikan kontribusi akademis terhadap diskursus global mengenai dekolonisasi, integrasi nasional, dan agensi komunitas lokal dalam membangun negara pascakolonial.  
The Janissary Army during the Reign of Sultan Mahmud II of Ottoman Turkey, 1808-1826  Risky Setiawan; Aman; Dona Syah Azizah; Rabaah binti Abdullah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.12309

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Abstract: The Janissary Army was originally a key part of the Ottoman Turkish military and helped conquer parts of Asia and Europe. Over time, however, its members began to work in politics, business, and other areas, losing their military character. Because of this drop in numbers, Sultan Mahmud II disbanded the corps on June 15, 1826. This study seeks to investigate: This research aims to examine the origins, transformation, decline, and dissolution of the Janissary Force, as well as the consequences of its disbandment, through historical research encompassing topic selection, heuristic resource collection, source criticism, chronological interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that the Janissary Army, formed through the devshirme system, evolved from a military corps into a powerful socio-political force whose resistance to reform led to Sultan Mahmud II’s decisive dissolution of the corps, marking the beginning of Ottoman modernization. Mahmud II created the Mansur Army, which was trained in the European way. This was a big step toward military reform and centralization.   Abstrak: Tentara Janissari pada awalnya merupakan bagian penting dari militer Turki Utsmani dan berperan dalam menaklukkan berbagai wilayah di Asia dan Eropa. Namun, seiring waktu, anggotanya mulai terlibat dalam politik, bisnis, dan bidang lain sehingga kehilangan karakter militernya. Karena penurunan peran tersebut, Sultan Mahmud II membubarkan pasukan ini pada 15 Juni 1826. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah asal-usul, transformasi, kemunduran, dan pembubaran Janissari, serta konsekuensi dari pembubarannya melalui metode penelitian sejarah yang mencakup pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi kronologis, dan historiografi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Tentara Janissari, yang dibentuk melalui sistem devshirme, berkembang dari korps militer menjadi kekuatan sosial-politik yang besar, tetapi penolakannya terhadap reformasi mendorong Sultan Mahmud II untuk secara tegas membubarkannya, yang kemudian menandai awal modernisasi Utsmani. Mahmud II mendirikan Tentara Mansur yang dilatih dengan cara Eropa, sebuah langkah penting menuju reformasi militer dan sentralisasi kekuasaan.  
Between Modernization and Marginalization: A Historical Analysis of Colonial Health Policies in Semarang and Their Postcolonial Legacy Endah Sri Hartatik; Wasino; Vivek Neelakantan; Sukarni Suryaningsih; Ken Widyawati; Ilham Nur Utomo; Fortuna Devi Putri Sina
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.14513

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Abstract:  This article examines the population health policies implemented in Semarang City, Indonesia, in the aftermath of the Dutch colonial Ethical Policy (1901). Employing a social determinant of health framework grounded in a decolonial perspective, the study explores how colonial era policies continue to shape contemporary health practices and reinforce structural health inequalities. Drawing on historical methods and analysis of primary and secondary sources from national archives, libraries, and documentation centers, the research finds that the Ethical Policy—despite its humanitarian rhetoric of "repaying a debt of honor"—primarily served to sustain labor productivity for colonial economic interests. Health interventions such as the control of cholera outbreaks, the development of sanitation infrastructure, and hospital construction in Semarang were disproportionately directed toward protecting European residents and maintaining urban spatial segregation. These colonial legacies are still evident today in unequal access to healthcare, the geographic clustering of diseases, and the continued marginalization of local health knowledge systems. The article underscores the importance of applying approaches rooted in decolonization to the study of health systems in postcolonial contexts and calls for the development of more inclusive, historically grounded, and socially just health policies in Indonesia. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji kebijakan kesehatan penduduk yang diterapkan di Kota Semarang, Indonesia, setelah diberlakukannya Politik Etis Belanda (1901). Dengan menggunakan kerangka social determinants of health dari perspektif dekolonial, penelitian ini menelusuri bagaimana kebijakan era kolonial terus membentuk praktik kesehatan kontemporer dan memperkuat ketidaksetaraan struktural di bidang kesehatan. Berdasarkan metode sejarah serta analisis sumber primer dan sekunder dari arsip nasional, perpustakaan, dan pusat dokumentasi, penelitian menemukan bahwa Politik Etis—meskipun mengusung retorika kemanusiaan “membayar hutang budi”—pada dasarnya ditujukan untuk mempertahankan produktivitas tenaga kerja demi kepentingan ekonomi kolonial. Intervensi kesehatan seperti pengendalian wabah kolera, pembangunan infrastruktur sanitasi, dan pendirian rumah sakit di Semarang lebih banyak diarahkan untuk melindungi penduduk Eropa dan menjaga segregasi spasial perkotaan. Warisan kolonial ini masih terlihat hingga kini dalam ketidakmerataan akses layanan kesehatan, pengelompokan geografis penyakit, serta marginalisasi sistem pengetahuan kesehatan lokal. Artikel ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan dekolonisasi dalam kajian sistem kesehatan di konteks pascakolonial dan menyerukan pengembangan kebijakan kesehatan yang lebih inklusif, berlandaskan sejarah, dan berkeadilan sosial di Indonesia.
From Tradition to Industrialization: A Historical Study on the Transformation of Indonesia’s Jamu Industry Irwan Hidayat; Wahyu Widayani; Tsabit Azinar Ahmad; Eka Yudha Wibowo; Nanda Julian Utama
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.14881

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Abstract: Indonesia’s exceptional biocultural richness has long sustained jamu, a plant-based healing tradition that blends empirical practice with cosmological notions of bodily balance, yet in the twentieth century jamu businesses shifted from household decoctions and itinerant vendors into branded, standardized consumer health products; this article traces that transformation through a historical case study of Tolak Angin (Sido Muncul), arguing that the transition was propelled by commodification of family recipes in the early 1900s, state recognition and regulation that framed jamu as “Indonesia’s original medicine” during the post-independence decades, and late-twentieth-century modernization in technology and marketing that introduced ready-to-drink sachets, GMP/CPOTB compliance, and clinical evidence supporting OHT status while repositioning jamu as hygienic, practical, and urban-friendly; using qualitative historical reconstruction from archival and printed sources with rigorous source criticism and chronological–thematic narration, the study shows how industrialization preserved and re-signified jamu into a hybrid good—simultaneously heritage and modern therapy—delivering market expansion without severing cultural meaning; the findings imply that policy can strategically couple standards, R&D, biodiversity stewardship, and cultural branding to grow domestic and export markets and to uplift producer communities; the article’s novelty lies in its historically grounded synthesis linking technological standardization, state policy, and cultural consumption to explain how a legacy remedy operationalizes Indonesia’s health-heritage economy. Abstrak: Keanekaragaman hayati-budaya Indonesia sejak lama menopang jamu sebagai tradisi penyembuhan nabati yang memadukan praktik empiris dengan gagasan keseimbangan tubuh-alam, namun pada abad ke-20 bisnis jamu bertransformasi dari godokan rumahan dan penjual gendong menjadi produk kesehatan bermerek dan terstandar; artikel ini menelusuri perubahan tersebut melalui studi kasus historis Tolak Angin (Sido Muncul), menunjukkan bahwa peralihan didorong oleh komodifikasi resep keluarga pada awal 1900-an, pengakuan serta regulasi negara yang memosisikan jamu sebagai “Obat Asli Indonesia” pada era pascakemerdekaan, dan modernisasi teknologi-pemasaran akhir abad ke-20 yang menghadirkan sachet siap minum, kepatuhan GMP/CPOTB, serta bukti klinis menuju OHT sembari mereposisikan jamu sebagai higienis, praktis, dan selaras gaya hidup urban; melalui rekonstruksi sejarah kualitatif berbasis arsip dan literatur dengan kritik sumber dan penulisan kronologis-tematis, studi ini memperlihatkan bagaimana industrialisasi melestarikan sekaligus memaknai ulang jamu menjadi komoditas hibrida—warisan budaya sekaligus terapi modern—yang memperluas pasar tanpa memutus makna budaya; implikasinya, kebijakan perlu mengintegrasikan standar mutu, litbang, pelestarian biodiversitas, dan branding budaya untuk memperkuat pasar domestik maupun ekspor serta memberdayakan komunitas produsen; kebaruan artikel terletak pada sintesis historis yang mengaitkan standardisasi teknologi, kebijakan negara, dan konsumsi budaya guna menjelaskan operasionalisasi ekonomi warisan kesehatan Indonesia.  
Forging A New Nation: The Role of Youth Radicalism in Semarang’s Revolutionary Struggle, 1945-1947 Dwi Mulyatari; Abdurakhman; Raisye Soleh Haghia; Syahidah Sumayyah Rahman
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.16485

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Abstract: This study examines the youth resistance movement in Semarang in the early days of the Indonesian Revolution, especially between 1945 and 1947, against the Japanese and Allied armies. The youth resistance movement is characterized by a militant and radical nature, which is influenced by various factors from the past experiences of the youth. In addition to the impact of the Japanese occupation, ideological factors such as Socialism, Communism, Islam, and Nationalism also played an important role in encouraging youth radicalism in Semarang. Research on the radical youth movement in Semarang during the Indonesian Revolution is still limited, with some studies highlighting events such as the 'Five-Day Battle'. This research contributes to the understanding of the youth militant movement in Semarang through a literature review from contemporary newspaper sources published in Jakarta and Semarang as well as other related literature collections. These sources are obtained from the National Library and libraries in the local area. The results of the study show that several factors affect radicalism and youth militancy in Semarang. First, their strong motivation and purpose to resist the occupation of the Japanese army and the return of the Allies. Second, the results of Japanese education for youth through military and semi-military organizations during the Japanese occupation that strengthened the military mentality. Third, the influence of the socialist-Marxist youth group organization that developed since the time of the national movement, thus making the city of Semarang known as a "red" city.   Abstrak: Studi ini menelaah gerakan perlawanan pemuda di Semarang pada masa awal Revolusi Indonesia, khususnya antara tahun 1945 hingga 1947, terhadap tentara Jepang dan Sekutu. Gerakan perlawanan pemuda tersebut ditandai dengan sifat militan dan radikal, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dari pengalaman masa lalu para pemuda. Selain dampak pendudukan Jepang, faktor ideologis seperti Sosialisme, Komunisme, Islam, dan Nasionalisme juga berperan penting dalam mendorong radikalisme pemuda di Semarang. Penelitian tentang gerakan radikal pemuda di Semarang pada masa Revolusi Indonesia masih terbatas, dengan sebagian studi hanya menyoroti peristiwa seperti ‘Pertempuran Lima Hari’. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang gerakan militan pemuda di Semarang melalui kajian literatur dari sumber surat kabar kontemporer yang terbit di Jakarta dan Semarang serta koleksi pustaka terkait lainnya. Sumber-sumber tersebut diperoleh dari Perpustakaan Nasional dan perpustakaan di daerah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor memengaruhi radikalisme dan militansi pemuda di Semarang. Pertama, motivasi dan tujuan kuat mereka untuk melawan pendudukan tentara Jepang dan kembalinya Sekutu. Kedua, hasil pendidikan Jepang bagi pemuda melalui organisasi militer dan semi-militer selama pendudukan Jepang yang memperkuat mentalitas militer. Ketiga, pengaruh organisasi kelompok pemuda sosialis-Marxis yang berkembang sejak masa pergerakan nasional, sehingga membuat Kota Semarang dikenal sebagai kota “merah”.  
Customary Land Rights and Postcolonial Land Governance: The Case of Pakel Village, Indonesia, 1950s-1980s Nur Aini Setiawati; Purnawan Basundoro; Ardana Kusumawanto; Muhammad Agung Pramono Putro; Safrial Fachry Pratama
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.18311

Abstract

Abstract: This paper discusses the social practices and impacts of agrarian policy changes in Pakel Village, Licin District, Banyuwangi Regency. The existence of policy transformation has also changed the patterns of social life of the community, especially in the field of agricultural land ownership. This then triggered a land conflict involving the conflict actor, PT Bumi Sari, and the local community. This research uses qualitative research methods through an in-depth literature study approach. Theoretically, this paper illustrates that various conflicts are an important part of making agrarian policies, especially in areas where companies will build and in relation to community conditions. In the future, this will also contribute academically in the form of future research findings that look in more detail at the conditions of communities after conflicts through ethnographic studies. The results showed that the local community as the original entity in the area was marginalized due to the change in agrarian policy which then favored PT Bumi Sari. The existence of conflict is inseparable because of these differences of opinion and views, with a background as a farmer which makes the community marginalized from social construction, especially in agrarian affairs. However, the existence of these historical records makes lessons and evaluations together in every decision-making and policy determination that is fair and considers the local rights of indigenous people in the region. The discussion showed that land conflicts were related to the complexity and legal certainty that the Pakel Village community did not obtain. Restitution of customary land rights based on postcolonial legal pluralism is ignored, which can indirectly be understood as an attempt by the state to seize land from indigenous communities. Abstrak: Makalah ini membahas praktik sosial dan dampak perubahan kebijakan agraria di Desa Pakel, Kecamatan Licin, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adanya transformasi kebijakan juga telah mengubah pola kehidupan sosial masyarakat, terutama dalam bidang kepemilikan lahan pertanian. Hal ini kemudian memicu konflik lahan yang melibatkan pihak yang terlibat dalam konflik, PT Bumi Sari, dan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi literatur mendalam. Secara teoritis, makalah ini menggambarkan bahwa berbagai konflik merupakan bagian penting dalam pembentukan kebijakan agraria, terutama di daerah-daerah di mana perusahaan akan membangun dan terkait dengan kondisi masyarakat. Di masa depan, hal ini juga akan berkontribusi secara akademis dalam bentuk temuan penelitian masa depan yang meneliti lebih detail kondisi masyarakat setelah konflik melalui studi etnografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal sebagai entitas asli di wilayah tersebut terpinggirkan akibat perubahan kebijakan agraria yang kemudian menguntungkan PT Bumi Sari. Adanya konflik tidak terpisahkan karena perbedaan pendapat dan pandangan, dengan latar belakang sebagai petani yang membuat masyarakat terpinggirkan dari konstruksi sosial, terutama dalam urusan agraria. Namun, keberadaan catatan sejarah ini memberikan pelajaran dan evaluasi bersama dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan dan penetapan kebijakan yang adil serta mempertimbangkan hak-hak masyarakat adat di wilayah tersebut.
The Role of Civic Associations in Ethnic Conflicts in Medan and Ambon, Indonesia Budi Agustono; Junaidi; Kiki Maulana Affandi; Johan Robert Saimima; Sem Touwe; Julia Lim Pay Loo
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.21046

Abstract

Abstract: Various tensions of ethnic conflict had often appeared and disappeared along with the domination of state power throughout the rise and fall of the New Order . From the various regions in Indonesia, ethnic conflicts broke out in the multicultural city of Ambon due to uncontrolled competition for economic and social resources, coupled with other socio-political processes outside of the city. In contrast, ethnic conflicts did not occurred in the city of Medan despite it also had a relatively high competition for resources. The long history of these two regions had a similarity in creating a strong ethnic heterogeneity along with democratisation after the fall of the New Order regime. With the ethnic diversity of these two regions, ethnic conflicts tended to potentially erupt without carrying out any prevention and resolution steps appropriate to the background of the respective regions. This study aims to document the development and activities of the civic associations in Ambon and Medan, as well as to analyse their role in the prevention and resolution of ethnic conflicts in these two regions. This study uses a holistic approach by using various disciplines that are part of the social sciences and humanities clusters. The method used in this study uses a historical and anthropological approach in analysing the comparison of the two regions of study. Civic associations or civil society organisations in Ambon that promote peace and strengthen citizenship played an important role in preventing and resolving conflicts from community initiatives. Meanwhile, the civic associations and civil society organisations in Medan, with their cross-ethnic activities, had driven local democracy, strengthen human rights and promote peace or tolerance, which had positively shaped the plural society in Medan, North Sumatra. Abstrak: Berbagai ketegangan konflik etnis sering muncul dan menghilang seiring dengan dominasi kekuasaan negara sepanjang naik turunnya rezim Orde Baru. Dari berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, konflik etnis meledak di kota multikultural Ambon akibat persaingan ekonomi dan sosial yang tidak terkendali, ditambah dengan proses-proses sosial politik lain di luar kota tersebut. Sebaliknya, konflik etnis tidak terjadi di kota Medan meskipun kota ini juga memiliki tingkat persaingan sumber daya yang relatif tinggi. Dengan keragaman etnis di kedua wilayah tersebut, konflik etnis cenderung berpotensi muncul tanpa adanya langkah pencegahan dan resolusi yang sesuai dengan latar belakang masing-masing daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendokumentasikan perkembangan dan aktivitas asosiasi kewargaan di Ambon dan Medan, serta menganalisis peran mereka dalam pencegahan dan penyelesaian konflik etnis di kedua wilayah tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan holistik dengan melibatkan berbagai disiplin dalam rumpun ilmu sosial dan humaniora. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan historis dan antropologis dalam menganalisis perbandingan kedua wilayah penelitian. Asosiasi kewargaan atau organisasi masyarakat sipil di Ambon yang mengedepankan perdamaian dan memperkuat kewargaan berperan penting dalam mencegah serta menyelesaikan konflik melalui inisiatif komunitas. Sementara itu, asosiasi kewargaan dan organisasi masyarakat sipil di Medan, dengan aktivitas lintas etnisnya, mendorong demokrasi lokal, memperkuat hak asasi manusia, serta mempromosikan perdamaian dan toleransi, yang secara positif membentuk masyarakat plural di Medan, Sumatra Utara.
Reactualization of Sundanese Local Hero Figure’s Values to Foster Student Character in History Education  Yulia Sofiani; Miftahul Habib Fachrurozi; Laely Armiyati
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.23800

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the character values of Regent RAA Kusumadiningrat as one of the Sundanese local heroes and their relevance in the context of history education in the Kurikulum Merdeka. This study is qualitative research that adopts a multi-method research (MMR) strategy with a narrative approach and policy research approach. Data collection is conducted through documentation from primary and secondary sources related to Kusumadiningrat and Kurikulum Merdeka, interviews, and observations conducted at historical sites. Data analysis uses an interactive model owned by Miles and Huberman, which is carried out in an interactive form with the data collection process as part of the analysis cycle process, along with data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results show that Kusumadiningrat, as a Sundanese traditional leader, has several character traits that are relevant to the Pancasila Student Profiles in the Kurikulum Merdeka, such as faith in God Almighty, critical thinking, global diversity, creative thinking, cooperation, and independence. Reactualization of Kusumadiningrat's character values can be carried out in the F-phase of the Kurikulum Merdeka, especially in the elements of understanding and skills of historical processes, which can be implemented through research project-based learning on this character. This study confirms the importance of promoting local hero values in history education and suggests a new perspective on local heroes that do not necessarily need to be defined by confrontation. Incorporating local heroes into the history education curriculum can serve as sources of inspiration for students, fostering their character development. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai-nilai karakter Bupati RAA Kusumadiningrat sebagai salah satu pahlawan lokal Sunda dan relevansinya dalam konteks pendidikan sejarah pada Kurikulum Merdeka. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan strategi multi-method research (MMR) yang mengadopsi pendekatan naratif dan penelitian kebijakan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi sumber primer dan sekunder terkait Kusumadiningrat dan Kurikulum Merdeka, wawancara, serta observasi di situs-situs sejarah. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang dilaksanakan secara interaktif bersamaan dengan proses pengumpulan data sebagai bagian dari siklus analisis, meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan/verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kusumadiningrat sebagai pemimpin tradisional Sunda memiliki beberapa nilai karakter yang relevan dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka, antara lain beriman kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berpikir kritis, berkebinekaan global, berpikir kreatif, bergotong royong, dan mandiri. Reaktualisasi nilai-nilai karakter Kusumadiningrat dapat dilaksanakan pada fase F Kurikulum Merdeka, khususnya pada elemen pemahaman dan keterampilan proses sejarah yang dapat diimplementasikan melalui pembelajaran berbasis proyek penelitian tentang tokoh ini. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya mengangkat nilai-nilai pahlawan lokal dalam pendidikan sejarah serta menawarkan perspektif baru bahwa pahlawan lokal tidak harus selalu didefinisikan melalui konfrontasi. Integrasi pahlawan lokal dalam kurikulum pendidikan sejarah dapat menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi siswa dalam menumbuhkan perkembangan karakter.

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All Issue In Press Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History Vol. 35 No. 1 (2025): History of Education