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Folia Medica Indonesiana The Unit of Journal Consortium and Folia Medica Indonesiana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
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Folia Medica Indonesiana
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23558398     EISSN : 2599056X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65346/2958-4515.2401
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Folia Medica Indonesiana, as indicated by its name, focuses on publishing good quality articles about research and education on health science and medicine in Indonesia. However, due to the fast growth of science and knowledge in these fields, we also welcome submitted articles from around the world, especially the ones that contain related matters from lower-middle income countries. Folia Medica Indonesiana is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is published online at least four times a year. The scope covers various aspects of basic medical sciences includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular medicine) and clinical medicine (covers specialties like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, etc). We highlight the pathology and potential treatment of metabolic syndromes and infectious diseases. Folia Medica Indonesiana also encourages the publication of articles about health education. The scope includes, but is not limited to, articles that emphasize on preventive education on certain diseases in a community, also research report of various materials and/or methods to develop medical education. We recognize the importance of this type of articles to be published alongside the assigned topic in each of our yearly issues, to provide our readers with updated information in medical sciences’ research and education simultaneously.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 61, No. 1" : 16 Documents clear
HOW RISK FACTORS SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN TARUS, KUPANG Harsa, I Made Subhawa; Masneno, Prisilia Christin Velisites; Setijowati, Eva Diah; Al Aska, Andra Agnez
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Abstract

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by both unmodifiable factors, such as age, family history, education, and employment status, as well as modifiable factors, including obesity, diet, physical activity, and smoking habits. Researchers have recognized the necessity of research on risk factors for T2DM across various regions. However, the findings have been inconsistent. The absence of research on risk factors for T2DM in some regions has necessitated the conduct of studies in these areas, particularly in primary health care facilities such as Community Health Centers (\textit{Puskesmas}). This study aims to control the risk factors that contribute to the incidence of diabetes mellitus. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional research approach. The study comprised a sample of 97 respondents who met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria selected from all residents of Kupang City domiciled in the working area of the Tarus Community Health Center, Kupang City. This study employed the Chi-square test to conduct the data analysis. This study revealed a correlation between age, family history, and exposure to cigarette smoke with the incidence of T2DM. However, the authors did not find any correlation between gender, physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The study concluded that the primary factor associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus was a family history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF <i>Amaranthus spinosus</i> EXTRACT AGAINST <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>: AN IN-VITRO STUDY Nisa, Fakhrun; Warella, Juen Carla; Hursepuny, Valentine; Bension, Johan Bruyif; Rahma, Khairunnida
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Abstract

Streptococcus mutans is a component of the normal oral flora that can become a primary pathogen, leading to dental caries and tooth decay. Tooth decay and dental caries are the most common oral health issues worldwide. Treatment of dental caries and tooth decay represents a crucial effort in addressing global health concerns. One alternative treatment the community used to treat dental caries and tooth decay is thorn spinach (Amaranthus spinosus). Thorn spinach leaves contain bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of thorn spinach leaf extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% against S. mutans. This study employed a descriptive observational design, utilizing a laboratory-based experimental approach. The leaves were extracted using the maceration technique, employing methanol and ethyl acetate as the solvents. The results showed that these extracts can inhibit the growth of S. mutans. The inhibition zones were observed for the methanol extract at concentrations of 10% (6.84 ± 5.36), 20% (12.95 ± 0.85), 40% (8.45 ± 1.00), 80% (14.66 ± 4.17), and 100% (4.74 ± 2.88). For the ethyl acetate extract, the mean inhibition zones were at concentrations of 10% (0.08 ± 0.15), 20% (8.71 ± 4.04), 40% (11.99 ± 2.44), 80% (14.79 ± 5.13), and 100% (15.00 ± 3.09). These findings indicated that, among the two types of solvents utilized, ethyl acetate was more effective than methanol, demonstrating the highest inhibitory activity with moderate to strong inhibitory categories.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS Ziddan, Hamka; Ardiana, Meity; Dewanti, Linda; Ratri, Anudya Kartika
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Uncontrolled hypertension can cause complications such as heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and other diseases. Medication adherence is a primary factor in controlling blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. This study aims to provide an overview of the factors associated with medication adherence of hypertensive patients treated at Taman Public Health Center in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional approach involving hypertensive patients. This study employed consecutive sampling, with the number of samples comprised of patients undergoing outpatient care from January 2, 2023, to February 25, 2023, totaling 103 respondents. The study employed the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8-item (MMAS-8) questionnaire to evaluate medication adherence. Fifty-nine (57.3%) patients had poor adherence, and 83 (80.6%) patients had poor BP control. The significant factors associated with medication adherence were employment status (p = 0.021), drug regimen and prescription refill time (p = 0.001), and experiencing forgetfulness/negligence related to their medication (p = 0.011). Significant factors associated with systolic and diastolic BP are having health insurance (p = 0.030 and p = 0.006) and drug regimen-prescription refill time (p = 0.029 and p = 0.041). These factors can be used as considerations during policymaking to improve medication adherence and BP control of hypertensive patients.
ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA IN <i>SAGU LEMPENG</i> SOLD IN AMBON CITY, INDONESIA Taher, Dilya Maghfirah; Yunita, Melda; Taihuttu, Yuniasih Mulyani Jubeliene; Azizah, Siti Nur
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Abstract

Maluku Province in Indonesia is known for its diverse traditional foods, including sagu lempeng, which is widely consumed across different social groups. However, poor hygiene during its preparation, packaging, and sale in traditional markets can serve as a medium for microbial contamination, posing potential health risks. In Ambon City, the capital of Maluku, no research had been conducted concerning the total plate count (TPC) analysis and identification of food-contaminating bacteria in sagu lempeng, which are crucial for ensuring its microbiological safety. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of sagu lempeng according to Indonesian National Standards (INS 7388:2009) and to identify any presence of food-contaminating bacteria. This research employed a quantitative descriptive methodology with a true experimental laboratory approach. The samples used were sagu lempeng collected from three traditional markets in Ambon, Indonesia. The TPC analysis was conducted to estimate the number of bacterial colonies per gram of samples, while Gram staining and biochemical testing were carried out for macroscopic and microscopic bacterial identification. The results showed that the highest TPC was found in sagu lempeng from Waiheru Market at 8.1 × 105 CFU/g, while the lowest was from Mardika Market at 5.95 × 103 CFU/g. The identified bacteria included Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. and Staphylococcus arlettae. Although bacterial contamination was detected, the TPC of sagu lempeng from all sampled markets remained under the maximum allowable limit set by Indonesian National Standards (1 × 106 CFU/g). In conclusion, sagu lempeng sold in traditional markets around Ambon complies with microbiological safety standards and is considered safe for consumption.
THE EFFECT OF MLC901 ON RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW) AS A PREDICTOR OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE OUTCOME IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE MODEL IN RATS Ilham, Muhammad Arya Rifqi; Hunaifi, Ilsa; Dirja, Bayu Tirta
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally, with ischemic stroke being the most prevalent type. Thrombolysis is the standard treatment for ischemic stroke; however, the rate of thrombolysis administration remains low. Therefore, neuroprotective therapies such as MLC901 are considered promising alternatives. The role of MLC901 in influencing red cell distribution width (RDW) during pathological ischemic stroke remains unclear. Hence, research on the effect of MLC901 on RDW is warranted. Male rats (n = 15) were divided into three groups: (1) acute ischemic stroke treated with MLC901 at a dose of 43.2 mg, (2) acute ischemic stroke treated with MLC901 at 21.6 mg, and (3) acute ischemic stroke treated with CMC-Na (positive control). Stroke was induced using the unilateral carotid artery occlusion (UCAO) method. RDW was measured before stroke induction and at 24 hours, 72 hours, and day 14. Neurological deficits were assessed using the foot fault score, and infarct volume was measured using ImageJ software. Following stroke induction, the positive control group had the highest mean RDW value, followed by the 21.6 mg and 43.2 mg MLC901 groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The positive control group exhibited greater neurological deficits compared to the MLC901 groups, with significant differences observed on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). Additionally, the positive control group had a significantly larger infarct volume than the MLC901 groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MLC901 did not affect RDW values but significantly reduced neurological deficits and infarct volume.
IMPACT OF MICROPLASTICS CONTAMINATED FOOD AND BEVERAGES ON REPRODUCTIVE AND MENTAL HEALTH Titilayo, Lala Opeyemi; Funmilayo, Adisa Ayomide; Motunrayo, Adelowo Joy; Eniola, Oladapo Jesutomi; Adeola, Oyekanmi Bolape; Gbenga, Lala Olusegun; Olanike, Afolabi Opeyemi; Adenike, Ajayeoba Titilayo; Elizabeth, Morakinyo Adetoun; Kolawole, Oladipo Elijah; Obukohwo, Oyowvi Mega; Adenike, Oyedepo Temitope
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have emerged as a global environmental pollutant resulting from widespread plastic waste. Increasing concerns have been raised regarding their potential contamination of food and beverages, which may pose health risks to humans. This review aimed to evaluate current literature focusing on potential reproductive and mental health risks associated with the consumption of microplastic-contaminated food and beverages. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases and Boolean operators to identify peer-reviewed English-language articles published within the past thirteen years. The review included studies that addressed microplastics in food and beverages, their health impacts particularly on reproductive and mental health and the techniques used for their detection and quantification. Studies not addressing these specific topics, non-English publications, and those published before the year 2000 were excluded. Evidence suggests that microplastics can enter the food chain through various routes, including ingestion by marine organisms, contamination during food processing, and leaching from plastic packaging. Consequently, microplastics have been detected in a wide range of food products, such as seafood, table salt, honey, and bottled water. Exposure to microplastics has been associated with endocrine disruption, alterations in gut microbiota, and neurobehavioral effects, potentially contributing to anxiety and depression through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, microplastics may act as vectors for harmful additives and chemical contaminants, posing long-term health risks. Although current levels of exposure are generally low, the potential for cumulative effects underscores the need for further research to better understand associated risks and to develop effective mitigation strategies. As a precautionary measure, reducing the intake of processed and packaged foods in favor of fresh alternatives may help minimize microplastic exposure.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTS AND CARDIAC MYOSIN-BINDING PROTEIN WITH VARIANTS OF UNCERTAIN SIGNIFICANCE IN CARDIOMYOCYTES Guterres, Egas Manuel; Guterres, Luis Manuel
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Mutations in the myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) gene, particularly variants of uncertain significance (VUS), are associated with cardiomyopathies. This systematic review aims to analyze the impact of VUS mutations in MYBPC3 on transcripts and proteins in cardiomyocytes. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) identified relevant studies focusing on the effects of these mutations on transcript and protein levels. Additionally, exclusion criteria were applied, and studies were excluded if they did not focus on cases analyzing transcript levels and MYBPC3 protein behavior in cardiomyocytes harboring VUS mutations. A total of fifteen studies published between 2015 and 2023 were selected after undergoing rigorous screening and quality assessment processes. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted using standardized tools. This review highlights the diverse impacts of VUS mutations on MYBPC3 transcript expression and protein function, utilizing common methodologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. VUS mutations can lead to altered transcript levels and disruptions in protein localization and stability, contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies. This study underscores the need for further functional studies to gain a deeper understanding of the role of MYBPC3 VUS mutations in cardiac pathology and to enhance their clinical interpretation.
A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY, ORBITAL ATHERECTOMY, AND INTRAVASCULAR LITHOTRIPSY COMPARISONS FOR NODULAR CORONARY LESIONS IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION Handayani, Riana; Oktaviono, Yudi Her; Suryawan, I Gde Rurus; Susilo, Hendri; Aziz, Karimah Khitami; Erwan, Nabila Erina
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has continued to evolve since its introduction in 1977. Currently, 12% of all PCI procedures for coronary artery stenosis involve Calcified Nodules (CN). CN is defined as nodular calcification that protrudes into the lumen of the coronary artery. In this era, improving the feasibility and success of PCI is essential through the use of advanced techniques, innovative approaches, and specialized devices in coronary interventions. These techniques include Rotational Atherectomy (RA), Orbital Atherectomy (OA), and Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL). Comparisons of RA, OA, and IVL are still being extensively studied in terms of their effectiveness and safety in treating complex lesions such as CN. Given the high costs of these devices, this Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of RA, OA, and IVL based on recent studies. The primary analysis in this study was performed using MetaInsight V6.1.1, presenting odds ratios (OR) based on a Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis and ranking the interventions according to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA). The primary outcomes assessed were efficacy and safety. Efficacy was defined as the procedural success rate, and safety as the overall safety rate of each procedure. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural complications (dissection, perforation, slow flow/no-reflow, cardiac tamponade, and device failure), as well as the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 30 days. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in efficacy between IVL and RA, favoring IVL (OR 2.66, 95% CrI: 1.27, 6.16). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in other primary or secondary outcomes among RA, OA, and IVL. Based on SUCRA rankings, OA was the most effective in preventing MACE, while RA showed the lowest risk of periprocedural complications. Nevertheless, this network meta-analysis has several limitations due to the uncertainty of the available data. Further research, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or larger cohort studies with direct comparisons of all three techniques (closed-loop designs), is warranted to validate these findings.
THE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN ON TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-<i>α</i>) AND INTERLEUKIN 10 (IL-10) EXPRESSION IN UV-B-INDUCED RATS MODEL Rahman, Akhmad Setyo; Budhy, Theresia Indah; Nugraha, Jusak; Fadhilah, Nur Lailatul
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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The skin, the largest organ in the human body, serves as a protective barrier against external factors. Exposure to UV-B radiation accounts for approximately 90% of skin damage, leading to aging characterized by dryness and wrinkles. Proper nutrition has been associated with skin repair and delayed aging. Astaxanthin, known for its pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities has garnered attention for its ability to improve damaged skin when administered as a daily supplement. This study investigated the roles of TNF-α and IL-10 as inflammatory markers in skin damage and repair, which remain underexplored. A true experimental randomized posttest-only control group design was employed using 24 male white rats divided into four groups: (1) normal group (N), untreated rats; (2) control group (C), rats administered with olive oil (5 ml/kg BW); (3) treatment group 1 (P1), rats exposed to UV-B and administered with olive oil (5 ml/kg BW); and (4) treatment group 2 (P2), rats exposed to UV-B and administered with astaxanthin (10 mg/kg BW) combined with olive oil (5 ml/kg BW). ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups, except between the control (C) and normal (N) groups. Astaxanthin (10 mg/kg BW) demonstrated both curative and protective effects by reducing TNF-α expression (pro-inflammatory) and increasing IL-10 expression (anti-inflammatory) in UV-B-induced rats. These findings highlight astaxanthin’s potential as a therapeutic agent for UV-B-induced skin damage.
ALLOPLASTIC IMPLANTS FOR RHINOPLASTY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS Cikita, Rafeni Bunga; Nataadmaja, Beta Subakti
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 1
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Alloplastic implants emphasize the importance of a comprehensive understanding of both clinical and histological aspects, which are attributed to enhancing patient satisfaction and surgical success rates. The study aims to assess the viability of different implant materials and their related risks over time. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost, to identify 79 records. After eliminating duplicates and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, four new studies were included for evaluation, focusing on postoperative outcomes related to alloplastic implants in rhinoplasty. Late-onset inflammation in non-healthy capsules required removal and showed histological damage. One study also found increased infection rates in soft implants and aesthetic adjustment concerns with firm implants. Other research reported Medpor implants’ long-term durability, but malposition and infection. Silicone implants had a 10% infection rate and 30% displacement rate, while Medpor(R) had contracture and contour difficulties. Overall, complications vary based on implant type and patient factors. The review emphasizes the importance of using the right implant materials and surgical methods to reduce problems. It advocates for further research into alternative materials and personalized approaches to enhance patient outcomes in rhinoplasty procedures.

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