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Journal of Pharmascience
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23555386     EISSN : 24609560     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v13i1
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ournal of Pharmascience accepts scientific articles as original reasearch articles and review articles on pharmacy and health. Journal of Pharmascience publishes various scientific articles covering Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in the field but not limited to: Clinical Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Pharmacology Natural Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Management Pharmaceutical Education Apart from the topics above, the Journal of Pharmascience also accepts other manuscripts in the health field, such as: Validation and development of analytical methods for a variety of samples, including food Implementation and analysis of a variety of surveys related to medical therapy, disease, health procedures, and other aspects of health
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Articles 362 Documents
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Effectiveness of Clozapine and Its Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Study in Referral Psychiatric Hospital Salma Fajar Puspita; Rifa Salsabila; Wahyu Ratna Dewi; Vitarani Dwi Ananda Ningrum
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23111

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian terkait efektivitas klozapin pada populasi Asia, baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi, masih sangat terbatas. Selain itu, potensi interaksi antar-obat sering dijumpai pada pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon terapeutik klozapin dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta interaksi obat-obat yang bersifat potensial. Penelitian cross-sectional retrospektif ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien di rumah sakit jiwa rujukan di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square atau Fisher’s exact dengan SPSS versi 23. Studi melibatkan 149 pasien skizofrenia dengan mayoritas laki-laki dan terdiagnosis undifferentiated schizophrenia. Sebanyak 89,93% pasien mengalami perbaikan gejala klinis, sesuai yang dinyatakan dokter pada rekam medik, baik pada penggunaan klozapin tunggal maupun kombinasi terutama dengan risperidon. Respon terapeutik klozapin dipengaruhi secara signifikan hanya oleh usia (p<0,05). Sementara itu, interaksi obat potensial dengan klozapin berkategori mayor ditemukan pada 8,1% pasien. Penggunaan bersama risperidon diidentifikasi sebagai interaksi obat mayor terbanyak (79,25%) yang berisiko menimbulkan permasalahan kardiovaskular atau pernapasan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan studi prospektif dengan penilaian efektivitas klozapin menggunakan PANSS-ES maupun dampak klinis interaksi obatnya. Kata Kunci: Klozapin, Skzofrenia, Efektivitas, Faktor Yang Memengaruhi, Interaksi Obat-Obat  Studies on clozapine effectiveness among Asian populations, either as monotherapy or in combination, are quite limited. In addition, potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) are common in schizophrenic patients. This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic response to clozapine, its influencing factors, and the potential DDI.  A cross-sectional study design retrospectively collected secondary data from medication records at the referral psychiatric hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test in SPSS version 23.   This study included 149 patients, predominantly male, who were diagnosed with undifferentiated schizophrenia. As many as 89.93% of patients experienced symptom improvement, as stated by the physician in the medical record, either as monotherapy or in combination, especially with risperidone. The therapeutic response to clozapine was significantly influenced only by age (p<0.05). Meanwhile, potential major drug interactions were found in 8.1% of patients. The combined use of clozapine with risperidone has been identified as having the most significant risk for drug interactions (79.25%), which can lead to cardiovascular or respiratory problems. This study recommends conducting prospective studies on the effectiveness of clozapine using the PANSS-ES scale and examine the clinical impact of the drug interactions.
Impact of Drying Time and Temperature Variation on the Antioxidant Activity of Cat's Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth) Fahrauk Faramayuda; Akhirul Kahfi Syam; Chandra Putra Prasetyo; Farhan Farhan
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v13i1.23323

Abstract

Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) is an herbal plant known for its significant antioxidant activity, making it a valuable resource in traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the effects of different drying temperatures and durations on the antioxidant activity of cat's whiskers using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent. The research was conducted through a systematic analysis of drying temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C over 1, 2, and 3 days, to establish a correlation between drying parameters and antioxidant activity. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA revealed that drying conditions significantly influenced antioxidant activity, whereas water content remained stable across all treatments. Based on the results, the optimal drying condition is 60°C for 1 day, which exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 13.62 μg/mL and a water content of 3.69%. This study advances scientific knowledge, particularly regarding the most effective drying methods for cat's whiskers to preserve the stability of the plant's bioactive compounds. Ultimately, these findings provide a scientific basis for developing standardized drying protocols to maximize the therapeutic benefits of cat's whiskers in health applications.
Molecular Docking Analysis Of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Eichhornia Crassipes for Antidiabetic Activity Through Interaction with PPAR- γ (5Y2O) and A-Glucosidase (3TOP) Khoirunnisa Muslimawati; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Nabila Hadiah Akbar; Aditya Maulana Perdana Putra; Nazhipah Isnani
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23583

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2), ditandai dengan resistensi insulin dan hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensi 30 senyawa golongan fenolik dan flavonoid dari Eichhornia crassipes sebagai agen antidiabetes melalui studi in silico, meliputi uji toksisitas (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), analisis ADME (SwissADME), dan molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Struktur ligan uji diperoleh dari PubChem, sedangkan reseptor PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 5Y2O) dan α-Glukosidase (PDB ID: 3TOP) diunduh dari RCSB Protein Data Bank. Sebelum docking, analisis toksisitas dan ADME dilakukan. Hasil docking menunjukkan Tricin (flavonoid) berinteraksi baik dengan kedua reseptor dan memiliki nilai energi Gibbs -7.53 kcal/mol untuk PPAR-γ dan -5.19 kcal/mol untuk α-Glukosidase, mendekati ligan asli Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) dan Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Interaksi ligan-reseptor Tricin melibatkan ikatan hidrogen dan kontak hidrofobik dengan residu kunci (misalnya, ARG288 dan TYR pada PPAR- γ, residu GLN1561 dan GLN1372 pada α-Glukosidase), mencerminkan interaksi ligan asli. Prediksi toksisitas mengklasifikasikan Tricin sebagai senyawa dengan risiko toksisitas rendah (Cramer Rules Kelas I, Kroes TTC). Selanjutnya, evaluasi ADME menunjukkan bahwa Tricin memenuhi Lipinski's Rule of Five, yang mengindikasikan penyerapan dan bioavailabilitas oral yang baik. Secara keseluruhan, senyawa Tricin dari E. crassipes menunjukkan potensi signifikan sebagai kandidat agen antidiabetes melalui penghambatan PPAR-γ dan α-Glukosidase yang selanjutnya memerlukan validasi dnegan pengujian in vitro dan in vivo. Kata Kunci: Eichhornia crassipes, Molecular Docking, Antidiabetic, PPAR-γ, α-Glucosidase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is characterized by insulin resistance and persistent hyperglycemia. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of 30 phenolic and flavonoid compounds derived from Eichhornia crassipes using in silico approaches, including toxicity assessments (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), ADME analysis (SwissADME), and molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Ligand structures were retrieved from PubChem, while PPAR-γ (5Y2O) and α-Glucosidase (3TOP) receptors were obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Toxicity and ADME analyses were conducted prior to molecular docking, which employed the Genetic Algorithm with 50 conformations. Docking results revealed that Tricin (a flavonoid) exhibited strong interactions with both receptors, with Gibbs free energy values of -7.53 kcal/mol for PPAR-γ and -5.19 kcal/mol for α-Glucosidase. These values are comparable to those of the native ligands Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) and Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Tricin formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with key active site residues including, ARG288 and TYR327 in PPAR-γ, GLN1561 and GLN1372 in α-Glucosidase), mirroring the interactions of the native ligands. Toxicity predictions classified Tricin as low risk (Class I Cramer Rules, Kroes TTC). Furthermore, ADME evaluation showed that Tricin (aglycone) is fully compliant with Lipinski's Rule of Five, suggesting favorable properties for oral absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, Tricin from E. crassipes demonstrates significant potential as an antidiabetic candidate and warrants further in vitro and in vivo validation.
Bibliometric Analysis of Medicinal Plants Research for Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia Khoerul Anwar; Nanang Fakhrudin; Retno Murwanti; Agung Endro Nugroho
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23703

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan perubahan pola makan dan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Jumlah penderita diabetes di Indonesia terus meningkat. Minat masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi tanaman obat semakin berkembang karena pasien lebih memilih produk alami yang dianggap lebih aman. Penelitian tentang tanaman obat sebagai agen antidiabetes juga menunjukkan tren yang meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian yang menggunakan tanaman obat terkait diabetes di Indonesia. Data subjek penelitian diperoleh dari Scopus, dan perangkat lunak statistik RStudio dengan paket bibliometric digunakan untuk menganalisis dan memvisualisasikan data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan publikasi di bidang ini mencapai 36,25% per tahun. Jumlah penulis bersama per dokumen adalah 4,93 dengan tingkat kolaborasi internasional sebesar 15,12%. Sebanyak 1.548 artikel dengan 4.877 penulis diterbitkan di 429 jurnal dan prosiding terpilih. Elya B (n = 35), Universitas Airlangga (n = 435), dan IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (n = 92) merupakan penulis, afiliasi, dan penerbit paling produktif. Dengan jumlah sitasi per artikel sebesar 7,78 menunjukkan bahwa penelitian dari Indonesia berkontribusi pada penelitian lain. Penulis artikel di Indonesia sebagian besar (89,73%) berkolaborasi dengan peneliti sesama di Indonesia, sementara sisanya (10,27%) berkolaborasi dengan peneliti di luar negeri seperti Jepang, Malaysia, Thailand, China, dan Korea. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kuantitas dan kualitas penelitian tentang tanaman obat untuk DM di Indonesia semakin meningkat dan berkontribusi pada penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pengelolaan diabetes. Kata Kunci: Bibliometric, Diabetes Mellitus, Tumbuhan Obat, Scopus, Rstudio Diabetes mellitus (DM) strongly associated with changes in unhealthy diet and lifestyles. The number of diabetic patients in Indonesia continues to increase. Public interest in consuming medicinal plants was developing because patients prefer on natural products and are considered safer. Research on medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents also shows an increasing trend. This study aims to map research using medicinal plants related to diabetes in Indonesia. Data on research subjects were retrieved from Scopus and the bibliometric package in RStudio statistical software was used to analyze and visualize the data. The results of the analysis showed that the growth of publications in this field was 36.25% per year. The number of co-authors per document was 4.93 with an international co-authorship rate of 15.12%. A total of 1548 articles with 4877 authors were published in 429 selected journals and proceedings. Elya B (n = 35), Universitas Airlangga (n = 435), the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (n = 92) was the most productive author, affiliation, and publisher. With the number of citations per article of 7.78, it shows that this research from Indonesia contributes to another research. The authors of the articles in Indonesia mostly (89.73%) collaborated with fellow researchers in Indonesia, while the rest (10.27%) collaborated with researchers abroad such as Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, China, and Korea. It can be concluded that the quantity and quality of research on medicinal plants for DM in Indonesia is increasing and contributing to further research for diabetes management.
Formulation and Characterization of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Manis Rejo Leaf Extract (Vaccinium variangiaefolium (Bl.) Miq.) with Glutaraldehyde Concentrations Variations as Crosslinker Yulius Evan Christian
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v13i1.23706

Abstract

Manis Rejo (Vaccinium variangiaefolium (Bl.) Miq.) is a plant that dominates at the Tangkuban Parahu area and grows in mountainous regions. Its leaves contain flavonoids with various benefits. The ethyl acetate extract of these leaves has demonstrated cytotoxic activity, making it a potential active compound in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of variations in the glutaraldehyde concentration on the characteristics of the gelatination nanoparticles encapsulating the Manis Rejo leaf extract. The organoleptic properties, moisture content, and solubility of the extract were evaluated and then developed into nanoparticles (NPs) using the desolvation method with glutaraldehyde concentrations of 100 µl, 200 µl, and 300 µl. The characterization included the nanoparticle stability, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphology. The results showed that the extract was green, had a distinctive odor, a dry texture, a moisture content of 4.31%, and was soluble in ethyl acetate (1:10). The nanoparticles remained physically stable for 20 days at room temperature (25 oC), with particle sizes of 343.4±4.4 nm, 226.3±23.1 nm, and 199.7±1.6 nm, and PDIs of 0.381±0.0234, 0.446±0.0895, and 0.177±0.0195, respectively. The zeta potential values ranged from 15.8±1.1 to 17.8±1.1 mV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis of formula III revealed a spherical morphology supporting the nanoparticle stability. Glutaraldehyde variation significantly influenced the particle size and PDI.
Integrated LC-HRMS Analysis, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking to Predict the Potential of Syzygium polyanthum in Alleviating Rheumatoid Arthritis Nurlely Nurlely; Arief Nurrochmad; Nanang Fakhrudin; Sitarina Widyarini
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23762

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) adalah penyakit autoimun kronis dengan hasil terapi yang terbatas dan efek samping yang signifikan terkait dengan pengobatan saat ini. Studi ini menggunakan LC–HRMS, farmakologi jaringan, dan docking molekuler untuk menganalisa senyawa bioaktif dan mekanisme dasar Syzygium polyanthum sebagai terapi komplementer potensial untuk RA. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 90% selama 2x24 jam  Profiling metabolit menggunakan LC–HRMS mengidentifikasi tujuh senyawa kandidat dengan kelimpahan relatif lebih dari 1%, di mana 2,6-dimethylquinoline memiliki kelimpahan paling tinggi (5,77%). Farmakologi jaringan mengungkapkan 121 target tumpang tindih antara target RA dan senyawa-senyawa ini, dengan PTGS2 dan MAPK14 dipilih untuk docking molekuler terhadap tiga ligan representatif: 2,6-dimethylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, dan myricetin. Myricetin menunjukkan afinitas ikatan terkuat terhadap PTGS2 dan MAPK14, dengan energi ikatan masing-masing –8,915 dan –7,849 kcal/mol. Studi menemukan bahwa ekstrak etanol S. polyanthum (EESP) memiliki potensi terapeutik untuk mengurangi inflamasi pada RA. Kata Kunci: Daun Salam, Inflamasi, Penyakit Autoimun, Siklooksigenase 2, Hasil Terapi  Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with limited therapeutic outcomes and considerable adverse effects associated with current treatments. This study employed LC–HRMS, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to investigate the bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms of Syzygium polyanthum as a potential complementary therapy for RA. The extract was obtained by maceration using 90% ethanol for 2x24 hours. Metabolite profiling by LC–HRMS identified seven candidate compounds with relative abundance greater than 1%, of which 2,6-dimethylquinoline was the most abundant (5.77%). Network pharmacology revealed 121 overlapping targets between RA and these compounds, with PTGS2 and MAPK14 selected for molecular docking against three representative ligands: 2,6-dimethylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, and myricetin. Myricetin exhibited the strongest binding affinity to PTGS2 and MAPK14, with binding energies of –8.915 and –7.849 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that S. polyanthum ethanol extract (EESP) possesses therapeutic potential in attenuating RA-related inflammation.
Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) Infusion and Captopril in Rats Amran Nur; Septian Dwi Rahmat; Ermalyanti Fiskia; Marhamah Marhamah
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v13i1.23772

Abstract

Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, is commonly prescribed as first-line therapy for hypertension. In practice, patients often combine synthetic drugs with herbal remedies such as bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), raising concerns about potential interactions. This study investigated the effect of bay leaf infusion on the pharmacokinetic profile of Captopril in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Ten rats were divided into two groups: group 1 received 25 mg of Captopril, while group 2 received the same dose in combination with bay leaf infusion. Blood samples were collected via the tail vein at 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6; 12 and 24 hours, and analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer (205 nm). Pharmacokinetic parameters assessed included absorption rate constant (ka), elimination rate constant (ke), half-life (t½), peak time (tmax), maximum concentration (Cpmax), and area under the curve (AUC). Results showed that bay leaf infusion increased Cpmax (2.646 → 3.105 µg/ml), prolonged t½ (3.347 → 16.116 h), and elevated AUC (23.382 → 56.479 µg·h/ml). These findings indicate that bay leaf infusion significantly alters the pharmacokinetic profile of Captopril.
Acne Fighter Microemultion Gel mengandung Basil Oil (Ocimum sanctum) Noridafi Noridafi; Alya Zainah; Nahdiya Nahdiya; Salsabila Azzahra Rusda; Syifa Nur Cahyani; Mia Fitriana
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23773

Abstract

Jerawat adalah masalah kulit yang ditandai inflamasi pada folikel rambut dan kelenjar sebaceous kulit. Infeksi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab timbulnya jerawat. Basil oil telah terbukti memiliki potensi sebagai obat jerawat yang memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P. acnes dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) sebesar 2% v/v dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) sebesar 3,5% v/v. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi mikroemulgel basil oil dan menguji karakteristik fisik sediaan. Mikroemulgel diformulasikan dengan konsentrasi basil oil 2, 3, dan 4%. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan yaitu uji organoleptis, pH, viskositas, transmitan, sentrifugasi, dan uji daya sebar. Hasilnya, semua formulasi menunjukkan karakteristik organoleptis yang baik. pH sediaan sebesar 7,77; 7,60; dan 7,53. Viskositas berada pada rentang 2,5-6,75 cPs serta transmitan mikroemulgel basil oil sebesar 99,80; 99,33; dan 91,60%. Sediaan juga stabil setelah disentrifugasi dan daya sebar 5,50; 5,83 dan 5,83 cm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu mikroemulgel basil oil menunjukkan karakteristik fisika dan kimia yang baik. Kata Kunci : Basil Oil, P. acnes, Jerawat, Mikroemulgel, Minyak Acne is a skin condition characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin. Infection with the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) can be one of the causes of acne. Basil oil has been proven to have potential as an acne treatment with the ability to inhibit the growth of P. acnes bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2% v/v and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3.5% v/v. This study aims to formulate basil oil microemulsions and test the physical characteristics of the preparations. Microemulsions were formulated with basil oil concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4%. Characterization was performed using organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, transmittance, centrifugation, and spreadability tests. The results showed that all formulations had good organoleptic characteristics. The pH of the preparations was 7.77, 7.60, and 7.53. The viscosity was in the range of 2.5-6.75 cPs and the transmittance of the basil oil microemulsions was 99.80, 99.33, and 91.60%. The preparations were also stable after centrifugation, with spreading power of 5.50, 5.83, and 5.83 cm. The conclusion of this study is that basil oil microemulsions exhibit good physical and chemical characteristics.
Formulasi Lip Tint Alami Ekstrak Stroberi: Peran Tween 80 dan Propilen Glikol Dalam Optimasi Stabilitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Menggunakan Design Expert Software Benni Iskandar; Revina Tasya Azkiyah; Wira Noviana Suhery; Rudi Hendra
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23810

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan formulasi sediaan lip tint berbasis ekstrak buah stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) sebagai antioksidan alami melalui variasi konsentrasi Tween 80 dan propilen glikol. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Design Expert versi 13 dengan metode Box-Behnken Design yang menghasilkan 17 formula. Evaluasi mencakup parameter pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, homogenitas, organoleptis, aktivitas antioksidan, uji stabilitas, serta uji iritasi. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak stroberi mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, dan terpenoid, dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 188,29 µg/mL yang tergolong antioksidan kategori sedang. Formula optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi Tween 80 sebesar 8% dan propilen glikol 5%, dengan prediksi pH 5,64, daya lekat 0,67 detik, daya sebar 5,65 cm, serta nilai desirability 1,00. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan prediksi dan memenuhi persyaratan mutu sediaan lip tint, baik dari aspek fisik, stabilitas, maupun keamanan. Studi ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak stroberi berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami sekaligus antioksidan dalam formulasi lip tint yang stabil dan aman digunakan. Kata Kunci: Lip Tint, Fragaria X Ananassa, Pewarna Alami, Antioksidan, Box- Behnken Design This study aimed to optimize the formulation of a lip tint preparation using strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract as a natural antioxidant by varying the concentrations of Tween 80 and propylene glycol. Optimization was carried out using Design Expert version 13 with the Box-Behnken Design method, resulting in 17 formulations. Evaluations were conducted on pH, spreadability, adhesion, homogeneity, organoleptic properties, antioxidant activity, stability, and irritation tests. Phytochemical screening revealed that strawberry extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids, with an IC₅₀ value of 188.29 µg/mL, classified as a moderate antioxidant. The optimum formula was obtained with 8% Tween 80 and 5% propylene glycol, predicting a pH of 5.64, adhesion of 0.67 seconds, spreadability of 5.65 cm, and a desirability value of 1.00. Verification results showed consistency with predictions and met the requirements of a lip tint preparation in terms of physical properties, stability, and safety. These findings demonstrate that strawberry extract has potential as a natural colorant and antioxidant in the formulation of stable and safe lip tint products. 
Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) dan Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) terhadap Ekspresi Gen eNOS pada Jaringan Hati Tikus Obes Agus Sulaeman; Salim Agustian; Elis Susilawati; Soni Muhsinin; Marita Kaniawati; Marita Feliana
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23813

Abstract

Obesitas adalah kondisi patologis akibat akumulasi lemak berlebih yang meningkatkan risiko gangguan metabolik, termasuk disfungsi endotel yang ditandai oleh penurunan produksi Nitric Oxide (NO) sintesis oleh enzim Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek kombinasi ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) dan daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) terhadap kadar NO serum dan ekspresi gen eNOS pada jaringan hati tikus obesitas. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan tikus jantan yang diinduksi obesitas dengan pakan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat selama 60 hari. Tikus dibagi enam kelompok: normal (kontrol negative), obesitas (kontrol positif), pembanding orlistat 10,8 mg/kgBB, ekstrak kunyit 200 mg/kgBB, ekstrak pegagan 20 mg/kgBB, dan kombinasi kunyit-pegagan 200:100 mg/kgBB. Parameter yang diukur meliputi berat badan, kadar NO serum (metode Griess), ekspresi gen eNOS (qPCR), kadar SGOT dan  SGPT. Hasil menunjukkan kombinasi ekstrak secara signifikan menurunkan berat badan dan meningkatkan kadar NO dibandingkan kelompok obesitas (p < 0,05), meningkatkan ekspresi gen eNOS serta secara (p< 0,05) signifikan menurunkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT . Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi kombinasi ekstrak kunyit dan pegagan sebagai agen preventif disfungsi endotel pada obesitas melalui peningkatan produksi NO dan regulasi ekspresi gen eNOS serta berperan sebagai hepatoprotektor. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Kunyit, Ekstrak Pegagan, Ekspresi Gen eNOS, Jaringan Hati, Obesitas  Obesity is a pathological condition caused by excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of metabolic disorders, including endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis by the enzyme Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS). This study aims to evaluate the effects of a combination of ethanol extracts of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) on serum NO levels and eNOS gene expression in the liver tissue of obese rats. This experimental study used male rats induced to become obese with a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 60 days. The rats were divided into six groups: normal (negative control), obese (positive control), orlistat 10.8 mg/kgBW, turmeric extract 200 mg/kgBW, gotu kola extract 20 mg/kgBW, and turmeric-gotu kola combination 200:100 mg/kgBW. The measured parameters included body weight, serum NO levels (Griess method), eNOS gene expression (qPCR), SGOT and SGPT levels. The results showed that the combination of extracts significantly reduced body weight and increased NO levels compared to the obesity group (p < 0.05), increased eNOS gene expression, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased SGOT and SGPT levels. This study indicates the potential of the combination of turmeric and pegagan extracts as a preventive agent for endothelial dysfunction in obesity through the enhancement of NO production and regulation of eNOS gene expression as well as acting as a hepatoprotector.

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