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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 1,005 Documents
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The Effect of Travel Distance on Lead Exposure Among Motorcycle Riders Raden Roro Purwa Ratnasari; Tri Harningsih
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2130

Abstract

Lead (Pb) exposure resulting from high traffic density in the Taman Tekno Serpong area, South Tangerang City, may pose significant health risks. The World Health Organization states that there is no safe threshold for Pb exposure. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between daily travel distance and blood lead levels among motorcycle users. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design, and samples were collected using a purposive sampling technique involving 15 male respondents aged 18–60 years who had worked in the area for at least one year. Blood Pb levels were measured from venous blood samples (K3EDTA) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses, while considering potential confounding factors such as age, years of employment, smoking habits, mask usage, and duration of exposure. The results showed that all samples had blood Pb levels ranging from 1,879 to 4,737 µg/L. A significant relationship was found between daily travel distance and blood Pb levels (r = 0,813; p < 0,05), indicating a very strong positive correlation. Multicollinearity testing showed VIF values ranging from 1,5 to 2,9 (<10), indicating no strong correlation among the independent variables. The regression model demonstrated a very strong relationship between the independent variables and blood Pb levels (R= 0,929). Daily travel distance was significantly associated with increased blood Pb levels among motorcycle users in the study area.
The Influence of Hygiene and Sanitation Behavior and Social Capital on the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers Handayani Sri Lestari; Arsita Eka Prasetyawati; Anik Lestari; Hari Wahyu Nugroho; Siti Khoiriyah
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2132

Abstract

Diarrheal disease among children under five remains a critical public health challenge, significantly contributing to early childhood morbidity and mortality due to behavioral and socio-environmental determinants. This research evaluates how hygiene practices and community social capital affect the occurrence of diarrhea among toddlers in Lamongan Regency. Utilizing an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional framework, the study sampled 339 mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months from the Solokuro and Paciran Districts via systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, demonstrating excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.915) and evaluated using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests (α = 0.05). The findings demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between diarrheal episodes and both sanitation hygiene practices (p = 0.000) and social capital (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis identified sanitation hygiene as the primary determining factor (B = 1.828; p = 0.000), with social capital serving as a significant secondary predictor (B = 0.464; p = 0.042). Both hygiene behaviors and community social capital play a vital role in determining the incidence of childhood diarrhea. Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance sanitation education initiatives, reinforced by robust community networks.
Early Maternal Age, Mode of Delivery, and Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study Raudhatul Munawarah; Endah Dian Marlina; Rosita Syaripah; Yulia Fauziah Amizuar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2133

Abstract

Postpartum depression is a prevalent maternal mental health problem adversely affecting both mothers and infants. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal age and mode of delivery with postpartum depression in North Jakarta. A cross-sectional study design was employed with sixty postpartum mothers. Data were gathered using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire distributed through consecutive sampling during scheduled home visits. Data were analyzed via univariate, bivariate (Fisher’s Exact Test), and multivariate multiple logistic regression. Univariate analysis showed most respondents were aged ≥20 years (76.7%) and underwent normal vaginal delivery (58.3%). Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between maternal age and postpartum depression (p=0.001), where mothers aged <20 years had a 5.5-fold higher risk (PR=5.5; 95% CI: 2.42–12.39). Mode of delivery was also significantly associated with postpartum depression (p=0.003), with operative delivery increasing risk by 9.8 times compared to normal delivery (PR=9.8; 95% CI: 2.44–39.34). Multivariate analysis revealed maternal age <20 years (aOR=4.10; 95% CI: 1.75–9.60; p=0.002) and operative delivery (aOR=6.82; 95% CI: 1.90–24.50; p=0.004) remained significantly associated with postpartum depression after mutual adjustment. In conclusion, maternal age <20 years and operative delivery are highly significant postpartum risk factors.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Measuring Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Using an Ultrasound Nunik Rahayu; Dono Indarto; Tri Nugraha Susilawati; Nurul Huda Zaen
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2136

Abstract

Obesity prevalence is rising globally, including in Indonesia. Conventional methods (BMI, WHR, BIA) cannot directly measure subcutaneous fat thickness. Ultrasound (USG) offers a safe, non-invasive alternative. To evaluate the use of ultrasound in measuring subcutaneous fat thickness across all age groups. Articles were searched in ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar following PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Articles published from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2025, using the keywords “subcutaneous fat” OR “adipose tissue” AND “ultrasonography” OR “ultrasound” AND ‘reliability’ OR “Intraclass Correlation Coefficient” OR “ICC”; out of 2,553 articles reviewed, 10. Ten cross-sectional studies across various age groups were analyzed. The pooled ICC was 0.99, indicating near-perfect reliability. Reliability was consistently high in children, adults, and the elderly. USG outperformed skinfold calipers and showed comparable results to MRI, with minimal measurement error (~1 mm). Heterogeneity was high due to differences in USG modes, populations, and operator expertise, but all studies reported reliability above the acceptable threshold. Funnel plot analysis showed high precision and no significant publication bias. Ultrasound is a highly reliable method for measuring abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness across all age groups, making it suitable for widespread application in research and clinical practice.
Relationship between Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Serum Zinc Levels with the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis Miranty Sasmita; Ariyati Yosi; Irma Damayanti Roesyanto Mahadi; Khairina Khairina
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2138

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease with varying disease severity, commonly assessed using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Based on the pathogenesis of AD, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum zinc are potential biomarkers that may reflect inflammation and skin barrier integrity. Evidence regarding their association with AD severity is still limited, particularly in Indonesia. To analyze the association between NLR and serum zinc levels with the severity of AD based on SCORAD. This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design included 30 adult patients with AD. Diagnosis was established based on clinical history, dermatological examination, and Hanifin–Rajka criteria. Disease severity was assessed using SCORAD. NLR was obtained from routine blood tests, and serum zinc levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation. There was a significant positive correlation between NLR and SCORAD (r=0.567; p=0.001) and a significant negative correlation between serum zinc levels and SCORAD (r=−0.414; p=0.023). Most subjects had mild disease (50%), followed by moderate (40%) and severe (10%). Higher NLR values and lower serum zinc levels were observed in subjects with more severe AD. NLR and serum zinc levels are associated with AD severity and have potential to be additional indicators of disease activity.
Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid, Serum Uric Acid-to-Creatinine Ratio and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Stage 3–5 Chronic Kidney Diseases Shella Shella; Nindia Sugih Arto; Radar Radius Tarigan; Malayana Rahmita Nasution; Mohammad Riza Lubis; Sylvia Youvella
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2140

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with high disease progression. Hyperuricemia is frequently observed in CKD; however, its diagnostic value is limited in advanced stages due to decreased renal excretion. Therefore, the serum uric acid–to–creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) has the potential to serve as a more representative parameter, as it reflects uric acid metabolism adjusted for kidney function. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum uric acid levels, the SUA/SCr ratio, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with stage 3, 4, and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling involving 50 patients with stage 3, 4, and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) at Adam Malik Hospital. Serum uric acid and creatinine levels were measured using enzymatic methods, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson or Spearman tests, and comparisons among CKD stages were conducted using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum uric acid levels showed no significant correlation with CKD stage (r=0.025; p=0.861) or eGFR (r=0.093; p=0.523). In contrast, the SUA/SCr ratio demonstrated a strong negative correlation with CKD stage (r=–0.784; p<0.001) and a strong positive correlation with eGFR (r=0.784; p<0.001). The SUA/SCr ratio also decreased significantly with increasing CKD stage. The serum uric acid-to-creatinine (SUA/SCr) ratio demonstrates a stronger correlation with renal function compared to serum uric acid levels in patients with non-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3, 4, and 5. This parameter may serve as a potentially more sensitive alternative biomarker for assessing declining renal function.
Analysis of UKS/M Program Implementation Supporting Clean and Healthy Living Behavior Vepti Triana Mutmainah; Susi Susilawati; Rita Damayanti; Mery Aderita Romaulina; Ecep Setyadi; Bambang Budi Rahardjo
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2142

Abstract

The School/Madrasah Health Program (UKS/M) is a strategic initiative to improve students health through health education, health services, and the development of healthy school environments. In DKI Jakarta, UKS/M is implemented under Governor Regulation Number 8 of 2018; however, several indicators of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) among students remain suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the UKS/M program in supporting Clean and Healthy Living Behavior among students in DKI Jakarta Province. A mixed methods approach with a descriptive evaluative design was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and secondary data analysis involving UKS/M stakeholders at provincial, district/city, sub-district, and school levels. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The implementation of UKS/M has been conducted through the Trias UKS/M approach, including health education, health services, and healthy school environment development. The program contributed to improving PHBS among students, particularly through health education and school-based health promotion. However, challenges were identified, including limited human resources, weak cross-sectoral coordination, non-integrated reporting systems, and uneven UKS/M stratification. UKS/M implementation supports PHBS improvement, but strengthening coordination, human resources, reporting systems, and monitoring is essential.
Application of Evidence Based Practice Intradialytic Exercise on Fatigue and Intradialytic Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients Sri Lestari; Alfi Mardiyah; Dian Hudiyawati; Dyan Kurniasari
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2146

Abstract

Long-term hemodialysis procedures can cause complications such as fatigue due to anemia, accumulation of uremic toxins, and hemodynamic changes. Furthermore, intradialytic hypertension due to fluid overload, sodium imbalance, and increased vascular resistance during dialysis can impact patients' quality of life. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions such as intradialytic exercise are needed as evidence-based practice to address fatigue and intradialytic hypertension. This case study aims to apply evidence-based practice to reduce fatigue and blood pressure during hemodialysis. This evidence-based practice was implemented using a case study approach in five patients undergoing hemodialysis. The intradialytic exercise intervention was performed for 15–20 minutes in the first 2 hours after hemodialysis commences, twice a week for two weeks. Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer before and after the intervention. This case study shows that all participants were female (5 patients) (100%), so the characteristics based on gender are homogeneous. Based on age, the majority of respondents were in the 46–60 years age category (3 patients) (60%), while the 26–35 years and 36–45 years age categories each had 1 patient (20%). There were no respondents in the 17–25 years age category. After being given intradialytic exercise intervention, all respondents experienced a decrease in fatigue levels. The fatigue score before the intervention (pretest) was in the range of 58–82 and decreased after the intervention (posttest) to 38–52. These results indicate an improvement in fatigue levels in all patients after the administration of intradialytic exercise. In addition, there was a change in intradialytic blood pressure before and after the intervention with an average blood pressure before the intervention of 179.6/88 mmHg and decreasing after the intervention to 148/86.6 mmHg, with an average decrease in systolic blood pressure of 31.6 mmHg and diastolic of 1.4 mmHg. Intradialytic exercise administered to 5 patients undergoing hemodialysis has been shown to reduce fatigue and hemodialytic blood pressure.
The Effect Of Surfactants In Greywater On Microalgal Growth and Lipid Accumulation Alia Rahmat; Falisha Safa; Rita Suzana; Fiestyo Agung Prabowo
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2153

Abstract

The​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ rising consumption of domestic water has largely resulted in urban wastewater pollution by generating an excessive amount of greywater containing surfactants derived from household detergents and personal care products. These surfactants typically lower the performance of conventional wastewater treatment systems. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines 27 peer-reviewed papers published in the period 2020-2025 which study the impact of surfactants in greywater on microalgal growth, biomass productivity, and lipid accumulation. The results show that the response depends on the concentration of surfactants. At low concentrations (≤5–8 mg/L), surfactants can promote microalgal growth and lipid accumulation possibly due to mild stress–induced metabolic activation and partial biodegradation of surfactants. However, moderate to high levels (>15–20 mg/L) cause inhibition of growth, reduction of photosynthetic efficiency, membrane destabilization, and oxidative stress. Moreover, the interaction with moderate levels of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 fatty acids helps in stabilizing the membranes. Generally, this review makes it clear that the concentration of surfactants is a decisive element for the effective use of microalgae in greywater treatment and biofuel production, pointing out the necessity for controlling surfactant levels to prevent ​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌toxicity.
Oral Squamous Papilloma on Tongue: A Case Report Edison Febrianto; Made Hemina Laksmi; Anak Agung Ari Agung Kayika Silayukti; Tjokorda Istri Amrita Rosvanti; Anak Agung Istri Saraswati Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2159

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common virus involved in sexually transmited disease. It is one of etiology in a variety of skin and mucosal disease. Squamous papilloma is the most common benign epithelial tumor in the oral cavity. It can occur at any age but mostly seen in third to fifth decades and it associated with HPV type 6 and 11 in approximately 50% cases. Gross description of the lesion can be like papillary (cauliflower-like), exophytic, and tan-white lesion. A 50-year old male with chief complaint of white cauliflower-like lesion on left side of his tongue. The lesion was a cauliflower-like white papule with a verrucous surface. Fully cauterized with a electrocauter. One week after the treatment patient came with great wound healing and no sign of new lesion appear. This case report  discuss about unique presentation of oral squamous papilloma, the main purpose is to help other clinicians to diagnose clinically even without advance tool. We encounter with the patient at outpatient clinic, the patient already been informed about the study and agreed that his case to be used in this study. One of most common benign epithelial tumour of oral mucosa is squamous papilloma. Defined as exophytic proliferation with finger-like projections. It is usually asymptomatic and detected through clinical examination by clinicians. The color depends on the degree of keratinization, there are variety of the color including red, pink, or white. The most common site for oral squamous papilloma is tongue, soft palate/uvula, lips, ginggiva, also may occur in oropharynx and larynx. The option for treatment in oral squamous papilloma is surgical excision. Oral squamous papilloma is a benign lesion of the oral cavity. It is presented as exophytic mases arising in the oral cavity and usually asymptomatic. Even though it is asymptomatic, early detection and management is important to prevent further growth.

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