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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 651 Documents
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Density Gradient Centrifugation Pra-freezing Mengoptimalkan Persentase Morfologi Normal Spermatozoa Pasca-thawing Suyono, Seso Sulijaya; Hinting, Aucky; Lunardhi, Hamdani; I'tishom, Reny
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (129.265 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1348

Abstract

Kriopreservasi akan mengganggu struktur dan fungsi spermatozoa. Preparasi semen mampu menghasilkan spermatozoa dengan kualitas baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh preparasi semen dengan density gradient centrifugation (DGC) pra-freezing terhadap kualitas spermatozoa pasca-thawing. Penelitian dilakukan di boratorium Biologi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga periode November 2017–Januari 2018. Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dilakukan menggunakan cairan ejakulat volunter pria infertil. Semua sampel dibagi menjadi dua bagian, kelompok kontrol serta kelompok perlakuan berupa preparasi mini DGC. Setelah penambahan krioprotektan, selanjutnya dilakukan freezing. Pemeriksaan kualitas spermatozoa, meliputi motilitas, viabilitas serta persentase morfologi normal menggunakan metode WHO 2010, baik pra-freezing maupun pasca-thawing. Persentase perubahan kualitas spermatozoa pasca-thawing kedua kelompok dibandingkan menggunakan uji t dan bermakna jika nilai p<0,05. Total 20 sampel cairan ejakulat digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Persentase penurunan motilitas progresif, motilitas total, serta viabilitas pasca-thawing antara kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,422; 0,873 serta 0,432. Namun, penurunan persentase morfologi normal pasca-thawing pada kelompok kontrol jauh lebih besar daripada kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai p<0,001. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa preparasi semen berupa mini DGC pra-freezing mampu menghasilkan spermatozoa pasca-thawing dengan persentase morfologi normal yang lebih baik daripada protokol direct freezing.Pre-freezing Density Gradient Centrifugation Optimizes the Percentage of Post-thawed Sperms with Normal Morphology Cryopreservation impairs sperm structure and functions. Sperm preparation is a selection technique to obtain a population of high quality sperms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of pre-freezing Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC) sperm preparation on the quality of post-thawed sperms. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using the ejaculates collected from volunteers visiting to our department. Samples were split into two fractions: control group and treatment group. In the treated group, mini-DGC sperm preparations were developed. After some cryoprotectants were added, samples were then cryopreserved using rapid freezing protocol. The evaluation of sperm quality that included evaluation on motility, viability and percentage of sperm morphology was performed by referring to 2010 WHO standardization on semen analysis. Evaluation was performed under pre-freezing and post-thawed condition. The percentage of sperm parameter changes between the two groups were compared using t-test with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. A total of 20 samples were included in this study. Post-thawed progressive motility, total motility, and viability considerably declined between two groups with p-values of 0.422, 0.873, and 0.432 respectively. In post-thawed observation, the percentage of sperms with normal morphology was significantly lower in the control group when compared to the treatment group  (p<0.001). In conclusion, the pre-freezing mini-DGC can optimize the post-thawed percentage of sperms with normal morphology compared to direct freezing protocol
Perbedaan Kadar Platelet Activating Factor Plasma antara Penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Demam Dengue Setiabudi, Djatnika; Setiabudiawan, Budi; Parwati, Ida; Garna, Herry
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Manifestasi klinis infeksi virus dengue dapat berupa demam dengue atau keadaan yang lebih berat yaitu demam berdarah dengue. Patogenesis yang menerangkan hal tersebut belum jelas. Teori yang sering dikemukakan yaitu pada penyakit dengue berat terjadi peningkatan kadar mediator proinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perbedaan kadar platelet activating factor plasma penderita demam berdarah dengue dengan demam dengue. Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang dilakukan pada Januari–Februari 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita dengue usia 1–14 tahun yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, RSUD Kota Bandung (Ujungberung), dan RSUD Kota Cimahi (Cibabat). Diagnosis dengue dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan antigen nonstruktural-1 dan atau pemeriksaan serologis imunoglobulin M dan G. Sampel darah fase demam, kritis dan pemulihan diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar platelet activating factor plasma menggunakan metode enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Selama kurun waktu penelitian didapat 26 penderita dengue, terdiri atas 14 kasus demam dengue dan 12 demam berdarah dengue. Kadar platelet activating factor plasma pada fase kritis penderita demam berdarah dengue [541,45 (239,30–2.449,00)] pg/mL lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan penderita demam dengue [289,55 (149,50–961,50)] pg/mL; p=0,007. Simpulan, kadar platelet activating factor plasma pada fase kritis penderita demam berdarah dengue lebih tinggi daripada penderita demam dengue. [MKB. 2013;45(4):251–6]Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, demam dengue, platelet activating factor The Difference of Platelet Activating Factor Plasma Level between Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Fever patientsDengue virus infection can manifest as dengue fever and, more severely, as dengue hemorrhagic fever. Their pathogenesis until now is not fully understood. One of the most favorable theories stated the presence of increasing titer of pro-inflammatory mediator in severe dengue. The aim of this study was to determine the difference of plasma platelet activating factor titer between dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue fever patients. This observational study with cross sectional design was conducted during January–February 2013. Subjects were dengue patients, 1 to 14 years old, hospitalized at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung District Hospital (Ujungberung), and Cimahi District Hospital (Cibabat). Dengue cases were confirmed based on nonstructural-1 antigen and/or immunoglobulin M and G rapid test. Blood samples from febrile, critical and recovery phase were drawn for the examination of platelet activating factor titer using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. There were 26 dengue cases (14 as dengue fever and 12 as dengue hemorrhagic fever). Plasma platelet activating factor titer at the critical phase was significantly higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients [541.45 (239.30–2,449.00)] pg/mL compared to dengue fever patients [289.55 (149.50–961.50)] pg/mL; p=0.007. In conclusion, plasma platelet activating factor titer at the critical phase is higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients than in dengue fever patients. [MKB. 2013;45(4):251–6]Key words: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, platelet activating factor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n4.172
Penggunaan Genogram dalam Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Penyakit Degeneratif dan Keganasan di Masyarakat Arisanti, Nita; Gondodiputro, Sharon; Djuhaeni, Henni
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (440.581 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n2.452

Abstract

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dapat dimulai sejak usia produktif. Umumnya masyarakat baru memeriksakan diri setelah timbul gejala, padahal deteksi dini penyakit penting dilakukan. Sebagian penyakit bersifat familial atau diturunkan yang dapat dideteksi dini dengan menggali riwayat penyakit individu dan keluarga. Genogram merupakan salah satu alat untuk menggali faktor risiko dalam keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sejauh mana fungsi genogram dalam mendeteksi dini faktor risiko penyakit keganasan dan degeneratif. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap 231 pasien di puskesmas se-Kota Bandung. Kriteria inklusi adalah pengunjung puskesmas, berusia 18 tahun ke atas, kooperatif, dan bersedia diwawancara. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan cluster sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner genogram yang mencatat faktor risiko PTM dari 3 generasi. Dilakukan analisis genogram dan disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus–September 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, sebanyak 183 dari 231 responden mempunyai faktor risiko penyakit degeneratif dan keganasan yang tergambar dari genogram. Dari riwayat keluarga, penyakit terbanyak adalah hipertensi dan penyakit jantung yang didapatkan dari generasi bapak. Penelitian ini memperkuat penelitian mengenai fungsi genogram yang efektif untuk mendeteksi secara cepat faktor risiko penyakit degeneratif dan keganasan pada individu dan keluarga. [MKB. 2016;48(2):118–22]Kata kunci: Degeneratif, deteksi dini, faktor risiko, genogram, keganasan Genogram as An Early Detection Method for the Risk Factors of Degenerative Diseases and Malignanciesy in the CommunityNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be found at young age and the people are not aware about the diseases. People seek medical care after symptoms occurred. Most of NCDs are familial or hereditaryy; hence, require family explorationin the detection that should be detected by exploring family history. Genogram is tool for describing multigenerational risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the functions of genogram in the early detection of risk factors for degenerative diseases and malignanciesy. A quantitative study was conducted on 231 patients who visited primary health centers (Puskesmas) in Bandung with the inclusion criteria were of patients at visited the selected Puskesmas, aged 18 years, and more, cooperative, and willing to be interviewed. Sampling technique used was cluster sampling. Data collecting were performed using questionnaires that recorded genogram and risk factors from three previous generations of the family. Interpretation of genogram was used to analyze the risk factors. This study was conducted from August to September 2013. The results showed that 183 of 231 respondents have risk factors for degenerative diseases and malignancies, which was reflected from the family genogram. Based on family history, most of respondents had have risk factors for hypertension and heart disease, specifically obtainedespecially from the father’s side.  from father’s generation. This research study confirms the results of previous research studystudies that the on the function of genogram that is effectiveo for in detecting the risk factors for degenerative diseases and malignancies in individuals and families in the community. [MKB. 2016;48(2):118–22]Key words: Degenerative diseases, early detection, genogram, malignancy, risk factors 
Ekspresi Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) dan Heat-Shock Protein-70 (Hsp-70) pada Pertumbuhan Janin Terhambat Sulistyowati, Sri; Eka, Anak Agung
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan janin terhambat (PJT) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal. Maladaptasi imun berakibat gangguan invasi trofoblas dan remodeling arteri spiralis yang akan menyebabkan hipoksia pada jaringan plasenta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekspresi human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) dan heat-shock protein-7 (Hsp-70) pada trofoblas PJT dan hamil normal, dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik dan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta, mulai bulan November‒Desember 2011. Jumlah sampel 30, terdiri atas 15 sampel trofoblas pada PJT dan 15 sampel trofoblas pada kehamilan normal. Pada semua sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi HLA-G dan Hsp-70 dengan imunohistokimia. Analisis data menggunakan uji-t. Ekspresi HLA-G rata-rata pada kelompok PJT sebesar 32,42±8,90, sedangkan ekspresi HLA-G rata-rata pada kelompok kehamilan normal 43,92±14,91 (p=0,016). Ekspresi Hsp-70 pada kelompok PJT 2,4355+0,26647 dan kelompok kehamilan normal 1,5920+0,17142 (p=0,008). Simpulan, pada PJT ekspresi HLA-G lebih rendah dan ekspresi Hsp-70 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal. [MKB. 2014;46(1):22–7]Kata kunci: HLA-G, Hsp-70, pertumbuhan janin terhambatHuman Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) and Heat-Shock Protein-70 (Hsp-70) Expression on Intra Uterine Growth RetardationIntra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) is one of the leading causes of higher morbidity and mortality in perinatal. Immune maladaptation affects trophoblast invasion and spiralis arteria remodeling that will cause placental tissue hypoxia. This research aimed to analyze human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and heat-shock protein-70 (Hsp-70) expression on the IUGR trophoblast and normal pregnancy, by applying analytical observational method and cross sectional approach. This research was conducted at the Obstetric and Gynecology Department of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from November to December 2011. The total samples were 30, divided into two groups. There were 15 samples trophoblast on IUGR and 15 samples trophoblast from normal pregnancy. All samples were tested for HLA-G and Hsp-70 using immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by using t-test. The mean of HLA-G expression on the IUGR groups was 32.42±8.90 and on the normal pregnancy groups was 43.92±14.91 (p=0.016). Heat-shock protein70 expression on the IUGR groups was 2.4355+0.26647 and on the normal pregnancy groups was 1.5920+0.17142 with p=0.008. In conclusion, in IUGR, the HLA-G expression is lower and the Hsp-70 expression is higher than in normal pregnancy. [MKB. 2014;46(1):22–7]Key words: HLA-G, Hsp-70, intra uterine growth retardation DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n1.223
Surveillance of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Prasetyo, Dwi; Martiza, Iesje; Soenarto, Yati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

The diarrhea morbidity in Indonesia has increased, however, all the reports had not been done carefully, so that accurate surveillance are essential for improving quality of morbidity data. To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of rotavirus diarrhea and to characterize the circulating rotavirus strains, children below 5 years old who were admitted to Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung because of diarrhea, from January 2006 through March 2007 were enrolled in a surveillance study and had stool specimens tested for the presence of rotavirus using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The strains of rotavirus were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rotavirus were detected in 47.8% analyzed samples (87/184), G and P-genotype of rotavirus were G[1] (37.5%) and P[6] (53.5%). Most subjects were males (56%), 6–11 months of age (35%). Most common clinical manifestations besides diarrhea were dehydration (72.7%) and vomiting (50%). Subjects with positive rotavirus more common had dehydration (72% vs 28%) and vomiting (61% vs 39%). In conclusion, vomiting and dehydration are the prominent clinical manifestations of diarrhea with positive rotavirus infection. G1 and P6 are the most common genotype of rotavirus. [MKB. 2010;42(4):155–60].Key words: Clinical manifestations, diarrhea, genotype, prevalence, rotavirus Surveilans Diare Rotavirus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungMorbiditas diare di Indonesia meningkat, tetapi semua laporan belum dilakukan secara cermat, sehingga surveilans yang akurat penting untuk memperbaiki kualitas data. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan prevalensi dan manifestasi klinis diare rotavirus serta karakteristik strain rotavirus, anak usia di bawah 5 tahun yang dirawat karena diare di RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, dari Januari 2006 sampai Maret 2007, diikutsertakan dalam suatu penelitian surveilans dan spesimen fesesnya diperiksa untuk mendeteksi adanya rotavirus dengan menggunakan enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Strain rotavirus diperiksa dengan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rotavirus terdeteksi pada 47,8% sampel analisis (87/184), genotipe-G dan P adalah G[1] (37,5%) dan P[6] (53,5%) dari strain. Kebanyakan subjek adalah laki-laki (56%) usia 6–11 bulan (35%). Manifestasi klinis terbanyak adalah dehidrasi (72,7%) dan muntah (50%). Subjek dengan rotavirus positif lebih sering mengalami dehidrasi (72% vs 28%) dan muntah (61% vs 39%). Simpulan, muntah dan dehidrasi adalah manifestasi klinis terbanyak pada diare dengan infeksi rotavirus. Genotipe G1 dan P6 merupakan genotipe rotavirus yang paling sering ditemukan. [MKB.2010;42(4):155–60].Kata kunci: Diare, genotipe, manifestasi klinis, prevalensi, rotavirus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n4.29
PERBAIKAN PARAMETER LIPID DARAH MENCIT HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA DENGAN SUPLEMEN PANGAN BEKATUL Hernawati, -; Manalu, Wasmen; Suprayogi, Agik; Astuti, Dewi Apri
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Serat pangan telah banyak digunakan sebagai pangan fungsional dan direkomendasikan untuk menurunkan kadar lipid darah untuk mencegah hiperkolesterolemia. Bekatul merupakan bahan pangan yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan bekatul pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di kandang hewan Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor periode Agustus 2011?Maret 2012. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberi pakan standar tanpa suplementasi bekatul dan kontrol positif mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi bekatul, selanjutnya kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia diberi suplementasi bekatul 16%, 38%, dan 57%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), dan glukosa darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi bekatul dalam diet menurunkan bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol serum total dan hati, trigliserida dan LDL-c, serta menaikkan konsentrasi HDL-c dan kolesterol feses, tanpa mengubah konsentrasi glukosa darah. Suplementasi bekatul sebesar 57% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 10,31%, kadar total kolesterol 17,28%, trigliserida 28,63%, dan LDL-c 79,35%, serta meningkatkan HDL-c sebesar 24,41%. Suplementasi bekatul menurunkan kolesterol hati 57,76% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 39,86%. Simpulan, bekatul sebagai suplemen makanan memperbaiki parameter lipida darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia dengan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses dan menurunkan bobot badan tanpa mengubah kadar glukosa darah [MKB. 2013;45(1):1?9]Kata kunci: Bekatul, hiperkolesterolemia, lipid darah, mencit, serat pangan Improvement of Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice by Supplementation of Rice BranDietary fiber is widely used as a functional food and recommended to reduce blood lipid level to prevent hypercholesterolemia. An experiment was conducted on the effects of rice bran that has high dietary fiber content on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice, which was conducted at the Biology Education Department animal cages, Indonesia University of Education and the Veterinary Medicine Faculty Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute from August 2011 to March 2012. The mice were randomly assigned into groups with 5 different treatments: negative control group i.e. normocholesterol mice with a standard diet without rice bran; positive control group i.e. hypercholesterolemic mice with a standard diet without rice bran; and groups with hypercholesterolemic mice with 16%, 38%, and 75% rice bran supplements. The parameters were body weight as well as blood serum, liver and feces cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and glucose levels. Body weight, blood serum and liver cholesterol as well as triglyceride and LDL concentrations decreased while serum HDL-c and feces cholesterol increased without any significant effect on blood glucose concentration with rice bran supplement. Supplementation of rice bran by 57% (14.30% of nonsoluble dietary fiber content) decreased body weight, total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-c of 10.31%, 17.28%, 28.63%, and 79.35%, respectively, and increased HDL-c by 24.41%. Rice bran supplement reduced liver cholesterol levels by 57.76% and increased fecal cholesterol excretion by 39.68%. In conclusion, 57% rice bran supplementation is effective to improve blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice by increasing feces excretion and decreasing body weight with no change in blood glucose level. [MKB. 2013;45(1):1?9]Key words: Blood lipid, dietary fiber, hypercholesterolemia, mice, rice bra DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.93
Public Health Orientation Program (PHOP): Persepsi Dokter Internship Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Gondodiputro, Sharon; Paramita, Sekar Ayu; Amalia, Indah; Djuhaeni, Henni
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Perubahan paradigma sakit menjadi sehat, kuratif menjadi preventif dan berbasis komunitas menempatkan ilmu kesehatan masyarakat yang dikemas dalam Public Health Oriented Program (PHOP) sebagai materi yang sangat penting di Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad. Persepsi mahasiswa mengenai materi dalam kurikulum pendidikan dapat menggambarkan bagaimana efektivitas kurikulum tersebut. Atas dasar tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian tentang persepsi dokter internship FK Unpad mengenai manfaat PHOP pada saat mereka menjalankan internship. Penelitian deskriptif dilakukan terhadap 97 dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad kelas reguler Angkatan 2007 dan 2008 (respons rate 74,2%), telah atau sedang melakukan program internship periode Juli–November 2014. Kuesioner yang telah diuji coba dan divalidasi, berisi 52 pertanyaan skala Likert, dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok serta, disebarkan kepada responden menggunakan Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Data diolah menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden menyatakan bahwa materi-materi yang terdapat di PHOP bermanfaat pada waktu internship, namun  beberapa topik kurang aplikatif, peranan mereka sebagai dokter fungsional, tidak diberi kesempatan untuk melakukan fungsi manajemen, preventif dan promotif di masyarakat. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan, perlu ada penyesuaian materi lebih aplikatif, laboratorium khusus untuk PHOP, mendatangkan expert dari lapangan dan  wahana intership melibatkan dokter dalam bidang manajemen, preventif dan promotif di masyarakat. [MKB. 2015;47(2):115–23] Kata kunci: Internship, persepsi, Public Health Oriented Program (PHOP)Public Health Orientation Program (PHOP): Perception of Medical Doctor Internship Program Participants at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas PadjadjaranAbstractThe shift  from disease paradigm to healthy paradigm, from curative to preventive and community-based medical education has positioned the Public Health Oriented Program (PHOP) as a very important program of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Students’ perception of  the educational curriculum materials can describe the effectiveness of the curriculum. Based on this situation, the aim of this study was to describe the perception of doctors who participated in the internship program of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran on the benefits of PHOP. A descriptive study was carried out on 97 doctors of the Faculty of Medicine class 2007 and 2008 (response rate 74.2%) who had been and was involved in the internship program as participants. A validated questionnaire was used, containing 52 questions in Likert scale, divided into 4 groups of questions that was distributed to the respondents using Redcap (Research Electronic Data Capture). A consecutive sampling was used. The data was analyzed using frequency distribution and narratives.The results showed that most of the respondents stated that the materials in PHOP were very useful  during internship but some topics were  less applicable because the main role they played during internship was the role of a clinician and they were not given the opportunity to perform management, preventive and promotive functions in the community. From these results it can be concluded that there are needs for material adjustment towards more applicable, special laboratory activities for PHOP, inviting public health practitioners/experts to give lecture, and creating opportunities for the students to apply management, preventive and promotive actions during internship. [MKB. 2015;47(2):115–23]Key words: Internship, perception, Public Health Oriented Program (PHOP) DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n2.570
Gambaran Kontainer Potensial dan Kondisi Lingkungannya Sebagai Tempat Perindukan Nyamuk di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor Faridah, Lia; Hamda, Muhammad Ersyad; Syafei, Neneng Syarifah; Agrianfanny, Yukan Niko
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (614.967 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n2.1151

Abstract

Nyamuk memiliki peran penting sebagai vektor penyakit menular seperti demam berdarah dengue, malaria, filariasis, demam kuning, dan chikungunya sehingga keberadaan nyamuk perlu dikontrol. Pengawasan tempat perindukan nyamuk akan membantu pihak berwenang untuk merancang pengendalian kepadatan nyamuk. Pertumbuhan larva nyamuk dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu air, kelembapan udara, dan pH air. Kondisi tersebut dapat bervariasi karena perbedaan geografis, variasi musiman, atau bahkan perubahan iklim.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kontainer potensial dan kondisi lingkungannya sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. Penelitian deskriptif dilakukan dengan mengamati larva nyamuk dalam wadah air baik di dalam maupun di luar gedung fakultas. Kondisi lingkungan (pH, suhu dan kelembapan) diukur dan dicatat selama pengamatan untuk setiap kontainer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 582 kontainer yang diteliti terdapat 72 (12,4%) positif  larva nyamuk. Kontainer yang paling potensial di dalam bangunan adalah ember, sedangkan di luar bangunan adalah bambu Aedes sp. Mendominasi penemuan larva di lapangan. Suhu air rerata yang diperoleh adalah 24,3oC, kelembapan 66,7% dan pH 8,1. Kondisi suhu dan pH sesuai dengan kondisi optimum perkembangan larva pada umumnya. Sementara tingkat kelembapan yang lebih rendah (kelembapan 81,6–89,5%) masih mampu membuat larva nyamuk tumbuh dengan baik di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor.Kata kunci: Kelembapan, larva nyamuk, pH, suhu air, Universitas Padjadjaran Potential Container and Its Environmental Conditions for Mosquito Breeding Site in Universitas Padjadjaran JatinangorPlaying pivotal role as vector of infectious disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, filariasis, yellow fever and chikungunya, mosquito needs to be controlled. Surveillance for mosquito breeding places will help the authorities in devising means in controlling mosquito density. The growth of mosquito larvae is influenced by environmental conditions such as water temperature, humidity, and pH. Those conditions may vary due to geographic differences, seasonal variations, or even climate change. The purpose of this study was to understand the potential container and its environmental conditions for larvae in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. A descriptive study was conducted by observing the presence of mosquito larvae in water containers both inside and outside of faculty buildings. Environmental conditions (pH, water temperature and humidity) were measured and recorded during observation for each water container.  Results showed that from 582 containers examined, 72 (12.4%) were positive for larvae. The most potential container in the building was bucket, while foroutside of the building, the most potential container was bamboo. Aedes sp. dominated larvae discovered in this study. The average water temperature obtained was 24.30C with 66% humidity, and pH 8.1. These temperature and pH values are the optimum condition for larvae development in general.  However, lower humidity level (humidity 81.6–89.5%) can still enable good growth of mosquito’s eggs in the campus area of Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor.Key words: Humidity, mosquito larvae, pH, water temperature, Universitas Padjadjaran 
EFEKTIVITAS MEMBRAN AMNION LIOFILISASI (HANDMADE TUBULAR) SEBAGAI NERVE CONDUIT PADA PERBAIKAN CEDERA SARAF PERIFER TIKUS DENGAN GAP 5 MM G. Gandadikusumah, R. Dadan; Rasyid, Hermawan N.; Hidajat, Nucki N.; Ismiarto, Yoyos D.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Cedera saraf perifer dengan gap sekitar 5?30 mm baik akibat cedera langsung (87%) maupun iatrogenik (12%) mendapat perhatian khusus karena dapat mengakibatkan kecacatan di kemudian hari. Untuk itu dibutuhkan metode perbaikan saraf dengan tanpa menambah morbiditas penderita, salah satunya dengan metode entubulasi berbahan alamiah atau sintetik. Penelitian berupa eksperimental hewan coba dengan rancang acak sederhana telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung periode Mei 2012. Sampel tikus Wistar dewasa dengan jumlah 14 dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Setelah dibuat gap pada saraf iskiadikus, pada kelompok perlakuan dilakukan pemasangan nerve conduit dengan bahan membran amnion liofilisasi yang telah dibuat secara manual sebelumnya (handmade tubular). Pada kelompok kontrol tanpa pemasangan nerve conduit. Setelah observasi selama 21 hari, dilakukan uji konduksi dan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Data diolah dengan analisis statistik nonparametrik sign test. Semua hewan coba selamat tanpa ada yang mengalami komplikasi pascaoperasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol, uji konduksi sebesar 0,016 (p<0,05), pertumbuhan saraf hingga distal gap sebesar 0,063 (p<0,05), arah pertumbuhan saraf yang tidak radier sebesar 0,031 (p<0,05). Pada reaksi peradangan tampak minimal dan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Simpulan, membran amnion liofilisasi (handmade tubular) efektif untuk digunakan sebagai nerve conduit dalam perbaikan cedera saraf perifer tikus dengan gap 5 mm. [MKB. 2013;45(3):192?9] Effectivity of Handmade Tubular Lyophilized Amnion Membrane as a Nerve Conduit in Repairing of Peripheral Nerve Injury with 5 mm Gap in RatsPeripheral nerve injury with 5?30 mm gap which is caused by direct injury cases (87%) or iatrogenic (12%) become a special concern because it could cause a serious disability in the future. Therefore, we need many kinds of nerve repair methods without adding morbidity to the patient. One of the methods is entubulation method, by using natural or synthetic material. This was an animal experimental research by using simple random design in Departement Pharmachology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung in May 2012. The samples were used 14 Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups. After creating gap on sciatic nerve, nerve conduit was installed on case group by using handmade tubular lyophilized amnion membrane. Nerve conduit was not installed in control group. After 21 days observation, conduction test and histopathology examination were done. Data were analyzed by using non-parametric statistical analysis sign test. All animals survived without any serious surgical complication. Result showed a significant difference between groups; the conduction test=0.016 (p<0.05), nerve growth to distal gap=0.063 (p<0.05), no radier direction of nerve growth=0.031 (p<0.05). Reaction of inflammation was minimum and there was no difference between two groups. In conclusion, handmade tubular lyophilized amnion membrane is effective as nerve conduit in repair of peripheral nerve injury with 5 mm gap. [MKB. 2013;45(3):192?9] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n3.150
Potensi Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L) sebagai Antioksidan pada Toksisitas Timbal yang Diinduksi pada Mencit Wiyasihati, Sundari Indah; Wigati, Kristanti Wanito
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (657.338 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n2.758

Abstract

Seiring dengan peningkatan industrialisasi dan transportasi, polusi logam berat yang ditimbulkan pun semakin meningkat. Timbal merupakan toksin yang paling bermakna di antara logam berat lain yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk mengkatalisis reaksi oksidasi dan menimbulkan terbentuknya Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L) mengandung komponen antioksidan yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar timbal dalam darah dan mencegah toksisitasnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga selama bulan Agustus–September 2012. Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris ini menggunakan posttest only control group design. Tiga puluh ekor mencit dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: K0 sebagai kelompok kontrol yang diberikan akuades dan plasebo, K1 sebagai kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan timbal asetat 0,75 mg/10 gBB dan plasebo, K2 sebagai kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan timbal asetat 0,75 mg/10 gBB dan 382,2 mg/10 gBB jus bayam merah selama 28 hari. Darah diambil dari vena ekor tikus untuk pemeriksaan superoxide dismutase (SOD) dan malondialdehyde (MDA). Hasil pemeriksaan kadar SOD rata-rata darah mencit pada K0 (n=10) 55,91 ± 9,61%, K1 (n=10) 31,29 ± 12,87%, dan K2 (n=10) 34,83 ± 10,12% (p=0,000). Nilai kadar MDA rata-rata darah mencit pada K0 9,9 nmol/mL, K1 12,04 nmol/mL, dan K2 11,05 nmol/mL (p=0,002). Berdasarkan uji ANOVA, disimpulkan bahwa bayam merah dapat meningkatkan SOD dan menurunkan MDA plasma pada toksisitas yang diinduksi timbal asetat pada mencit. [MKB. 2016;48(2):63–7]Kata kunci: Amaranthus tricolor linn, antioksidan, bayam merah, toksisitas timbal The Potency of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L) as an Antioxidant for Lead-Induced Toxicities in MiceAbstractAlong with the increasing industrialization and transportation, the generated heavy metal pollution is increasing. Lead is the most significant toxin among heavy metals and has a tendency to catalyze the oxidation reaction and lead to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L) contains antioxidant properties which have a potential to reduce the blood lead level and prevent the lead-induced toxicities. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, during August–September 2012. This laboratory experimental study used pos-ttest only control group design. Thirty mice were divided into 3 groups: K0 as the control group with aquadest and placebo; K1 as the treatment group with lead acetate 0.75 mg/10 gBW and placebo treatment; and K2 as the treatment group with  lead acetate 0.75 mg/10 gBW and 382.2 mg/10 gBW red spinach juice treatment for 28 days. Blood was drawn from the mouse’s tail vein for examination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Mean blood SOD value in K0 (n=10) was 55.91 ± 9.61%, K1 (n=10) was 31.29 ± 12.87%, and K2 (n=10) was 34.83 ± 10.12% (p=0.000). Mean blood MDA value for K0 was 9.9 nmol/mL, K1 was 12.04 nmol/mL, and K2 was 11.05 nmol/mL (p=0.002). Based on ANOVA test, it is concluded that the administration of red spinach can increase SOD and decrease MDA plasma on lead-induced toxicity in mice. [MKB. 2016;48(2):63–7]Key words: Amaranthus tricolor linn, antioxidant, lead-induced toxicities, red spinach

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