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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 651 Documents
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Perbandingan Akurasi Berbagai Formula untuk Mengestimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus pada Penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring Stadium Lanjut Sebelum Mendapat Kemoterapi Cisplatin Nissa, Camelia Khairun; Oehadian, Amaylia; Martakusumah, Abdul Hadi; Dewi, Yussy Afriani
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Cisplatin adalah obat sitotoksik dengan efektivitas tinggi dan digunakan secara luas, termasuk pada karsinoma nasofaring (KNF). Salah satu keterbatasan penggunaan cisplatin adalah nefrotoksisitas, terutama pada tubulus ginjal. Formula HARUS 15-30-60 dan HADI merupakan formula baru dalam menilai laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) dengan memperhitungkan  fungsi tubulus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan akurasi formula Cockroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), HARUS 15-30-60, dan HADI dengan klirens kreatinin dalam menilai LFG pada penderita KNF stadium lanjut. Dilakukan penelitian analitik komparatif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Data diambil dari rekam medik penderita KNF yang akan mendapat kemoterapi cisplatin di Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung mulai Agustus 2012 sampai Agustus 2013. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 70 subjek, 28 perempuan (40%) dan 42 laki-laki (60%), dengan usia rata-rata 42±12,3 tahun. Estimasi LFG berdasarkan MDRD, CG, dan HADI berbeda dengan klirens kreatinin (p<0,05), sedangkan estimasi LFG berdasarkan HARUS 15-30-60 tidak berbeda (p>0,05). Formula HARUS 15-30-60 memiliki CCC 0,401, lebih besar daripada CG (CCC=0,387), HADI (CCC=0,258), dan MDRD (0,136). Simpulan, formula HARUS 15-30-60 lebih akurat dibanding dengan formula CG, HADI, dan MDRD dalam menilai LFG pada penderita KNF stadium lanjut. [MKB. 2015;47(1):42–8]Kata kunci: Cockroft-Gault, formula HADI dan HARUS 15-30-60, klirens kreatinin, laju filtrasi glomerulus,  modification of diet in renal diseaseAccuracy Comparison of Various Formulas for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients before Cisplatin AdministrationCisplatin is a widely used and highly effective cytotoxic agent, including for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). One of the side effects of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity, especially in tubulus. HARUS 15-30-60 and HADI are new formulas for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which also calculate tubular function. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of Cockroft–Gault (CG), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), HARUS 15-30-60 and HADI formula with creatinine clearance in assessing GFR. This was a cross-sectional study with comparative design in patients with advanced NPC before administration of cisplatin in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected from August 2012 to August 2013 and analyzed using ANOVA and concordance correlation coefficient test (CCC). There were 70 patients, consisted of 28 (40%) females and 42 (60%) males with the mean age of 42±12.3 years. LFG estimations based on MDRD, CG, and HADI were different from the creatinine clearance  (p<0.05), whereas no difference was found between HARUS 15-30-60 and creatinine clearance (p>0.05). HARUS 15-30-60 with creatinine clearance had CCC 0.401 was greater than CG (CCC=0.387), HADI (CCC=0.258), and MDRD (CCC=0.136). In conclusion, HARUS 15-30-60 formula is more accurate than CG, HADI, and MDRD formula in assessing renal function (GFR) in patients with advanced NPC. [MKB. 2015;47(1):42–8]Key words: Cockroft-Gault, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HADI and HARUS 15-30-60 formula, modification of diet in renal disease DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n1.396   
Karakteristik Penderita Dakriosistitis di Pusat Mata Nasional Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo Dahlan, Rinaldi; Boesoirie, M. Kautsar; Boesoirie, Shanti F.; Kartiwa, Angga; Puspitasari, Helda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n4.626

Abstract

Infeksi sistem lakrimal yang paling umum adalah dakriosistitis. Infeksi biasanya didahului oleh obstruksi duktus nasolakrimalis dan dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari jumlah kasus, karakteristik demografi dan klinis, serta pengelolaan dakriosistitis di RS Mata Cicendo periode 1 Maret 2014 sampai dengan 30 September 2014. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu dengan meninjau secara retrospektif rekam medis penderita dakriosistitis di Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo Bandung selama periode 1 Maret 2014 sampai dengan 30 September 2014. Jumlah kasus, karakteristik demografi dan klinis, serta manajemen kasus ini ditinjau. Terdapat 13 pasien (13 mata) yang didiagnosis sebagai dakriosistitis. Sebagian besar pasien adalah perempuan. Usia rata-rata adalah 41,3 tahun. Semua kasus adalah unilateral. Infeksi akut adalah dominan dari pada infeksi kronik. Sebelas kasus diterapi dengan obat-obatan dan dua kasus kronik diterapi dengan dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Sebagai kesimpulan, terdapat 13 pasien (13 mata) yang didiagnosis sebagai dakriosistitis akut dan kronik. Sebagian besar pasien adalah wanita di usia pertengahan, kasus unilateral, serta penatalaksanaan dengan obat-obatan dan DCR. Kata kunci: Dakriosistitis, karakteristik, penatalaksanaanCharacteristics of Dacryocystitis Patients in National Eye Center of Cicendo Eye HospitalThe most common infection of the lacrimal apparatus is dacryocystitis. Infection is usually preceded by obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and may occur in any age group.The aim of this study was to discover number of cases, demographic and clinical characteristics, and management of dacryocystitis in Cicendo Eye Hospital during the period of March 1, 2014 to September 30, 2014.Medical records of dacryocystitis patients attending Cicendo Eye Hospital during the period of March 1, 2014 to September 30,2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Number of cases, demographic and clinical characteristics, and the management of these cases were reviewed.There were 13 patients (13 eyes) diagnosed as suffering from dacryocystitis with most of them were female patients (92.31%). The mean age was 41.3 years old. All cases were unilateral. Acute infection was predominant than chronic infection. Eleven cases were treated with medication therapy and two chronic cases were treated with dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Hence, there were 13 patients (13 eyes) diagnosed as acute and chronicdacryocystitis. Most of them were  middle age female patients with  unilateral cases and treated with medication therapy and DCR. Key words: Characteristic, dacryocystitis, treatment 
Efek Ekstrak Air Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Muda terhadap Gambaran Histologi Kelenjar Mamma Mencit Laktasi Kharisma, Yuktiana; Ariyoga, Armaya; Sastramihardja, Herri S.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 43, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi. Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 2005,ASI eksklusif di perkotaan 4−12% dan pedesaan 4–5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak air buah pepaya muda (Carica papaya L.) terhadap gambaran histologi kelenjar mamma laktasi. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Farmakologi Klinik Unpad dan laboratorium Unit Penelitian Kesehatan RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada bulan Juli−September 2009. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium terhadap 21 ekor induk mencit laktasi galur Swiss Webster, diacak menjadi 3 kelompok (n=7) dengan jumlah anak 10 ekor/induk. Kelompok I merupakan kontrol negatif. Kelompok II diberikan luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BB/hari per oral (p.o.) dan kelompok III diberikan sediaan uji 20 mg/30 g BB/hari (p.o.). Peningkatan produksi air susu diketahui melalui peningkatan jumlah dan diameter rata-rata alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke-4 hingga ke-16 masa menyusui. Hasil dianalisis dengan uji analysis of variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian terhadap jumlah alveoli kelompok I: 310,57±30,16; kelompok II: 464,42±25,83 dan kelompok III: 465,14±72,41. Diameter alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi kelompok I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 296,50±21,27 μ; 394,57±53,97 μ; dan 384,29±40,40 μ. Simpulan bahwa ekstrak air buah pepaya muda memberikan efek lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan sebanding dengan luteotropin dalam meningkatkan jumlah dan diameter alveoli rata-rata kelenjar mamma laktasi. [MKB.2011;43(4):160–5].Kata kunci: Carica papaya L., histologi kelenjar mamma, produksi air susuEffect of Unripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Aqueous Extract on Histological Feature of Mice Lactating Mammary GlandsBreast milk is the best food for infants. Household Health Survey in 2005 showed exclusive breastfeeding were 4–12% in urban and 4–5% in rural areas. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of unripe papaya aqueous extract (Carica papaya L.) on lactating mammary glands histological appearance. The experiment was held on July–September 2009 at Padjadjaran University Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory and Health Research Unit of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in July–September 2009. A laboratorium experimental study conducted to 21 lactating Swiss Webster mice with 10 babies each. They were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=7). Group I was negative control. Group II: luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral) and group III: unripe papaya aqueous extract 20 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral). Increased milk production was measured by average lactating mammary glands alveolar amounts and diameter count. Experiment started at 4th–16th lactation day. The result was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The average of alveolar amounts of group I, II and III, were 310.57±30.16, 464.42±25.83, and 465.14±72.41, respectively. The average lactating mamary glands alveolar diameter of group I: 296.50±21.27 μ, group II: 394.57±53.97 μ and group III: 384.29±40.40 μ. Research showed that unripe papaya aqueous extract has better than negative control and equivalent effect with luteotropin on lactating mammary glands histological appearance. [MKB. 2011;43(4):160–5].Key words: Carica papaya L., histological mammary glands, milk production DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n4.63
TROMBOEMBOLI PARU PADA ANAK Diah Asri Wulandari; Heda Melinda D. Nataprawira
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Tromboemboli paru dapat terjadi akibat adanya obstruksi pembuluh darah paru oleh trombi. Tromboemboli paru jarang didiagnosis dan dilaporkan pada anak, kebanyakan bahkan tidak terdiagnosis sampai setelah dilakukan otopsi. Penyakit yang pada dewasa meningkatkan risiko terjadinya tromboemboli juga berlaku untuk anak dan remaja. Penderita dengan tromboemboli paru biasanya mempunyai penyakit yang mendasari ataupun faktor pencetus, seperti imobilisasi, penggunaan vena sentral, penyakit jantung, trauma, operasi, infeksi, dehidrasi, keganasan, kelainan hematologi, serta kegemukan. Lokasi anatomis trombus vena pada anak berbeda dengan dewasa yaitu pada vena kranialis dan abdominalis, serta seringkali manifestasi klinisnya tidak jelas. Pada anak, tomboemboli paru harus dipertimbangkan pada beberapa keadaan, antara lain dalam mengevaluasi hipertensi paru yang tidak bisa diterangkan penyebabnya, insufisiensi respirasi, dan koagulasi intravaskular diseminata (KID). Pemeriksaan angiografi paru masih merupakan gold-standard untuk mendiagnosis tromboemboli paru dan merupakan pemeriksaan yang invasif. Pemeriksaan non-invasif multidetector helical/spiral computerized tomography scanning yang mempunyai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tinggi merupakan teknik yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan pemeriksaan angiografi paru. Protokol pengobatan untuk anak masih belum berkembang, tetapi hingga saat ini antikoagulasi merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk mencegah perluasan bekuan dan rekurensi tromboemboli.Kata kunci: Tromboemboli paru, angiografi paru, multidetector helical/spiral computerized tomography scanning, anakPULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM IN CHILDRENPulmonary thromboembolism could be happened because of pulmonary vessel obstruction by thrombi. Pulmonary thromboembolism is rarely diagnosed and reported in children, most of them are not diagnosed before autopsy was done. All adult diseases that increase the risk of thromboembolism occur in children and adolescent as well. Patients with pulmonary thromboembolism usually have serious underlying disorders or precipitating factors, such as immobility, central venous catheterization, heart disease, trauma, surgery, infection, dehydration, malignancies, hematologic disorders, and obesity. The anatomic site of venous thrombi in children differs from those in adult, which more likely to involve cranial or abdominal veins, and often asymptomatic. Pulmonary thromboembolism in children should be considered in the evaluation of unexplained pulmonary hypertension, respiratory insufficiency, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pulmonary angiography is considered to be the gold-standard for diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism, and it is an invasive procedure. Non-invasif procedure multidetector helical/spiral computerized tomography scanning with high sensitivity and specificity is promising technique may replace pulmonary angiography. Although definitive protocols for treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism in children have not been improved yet, but until now anticoagulation drugs is used to prevent clot extension and recurrent thromboembolim.Key words: Pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary angiography, multidetector helical/spiral computerized tomography scanning, children DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n1.257
Pengendalian Risiko Ergonomi Kasus Low Back Pain pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Kurniawidjaja, L. Meily; Purnomo, Edy; Maretti, Nadia; Pujiriani, Ike
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Perawat berisiko tinggi nyeri pinggang bawah. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai faktor risiko akivitas fisik dan sarana kerja yang dominan dapat menimbulkan low back pain (LBP) pada perawat di ruang Rawat Inap dan Unit Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit di Jakarta serta memberikan rekomendasi pengendalian risiko LBP. Observasi dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas berisiko tinggi LBP, metode rapid entirebody assessment (REBA) menilai tingkat risiko ergonomi, kuesioner dan Nordic body map menilai faktor risiko lainnya serta keluhan LBP, desain potong lintang untuk analisis asosiasi, pengukuran dan analisis untuk menilai alat kerja. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi LBP cukup tinggi pada perawat UGD di RSUD Tarakan tahun 2013 (61,1%) dan perawat rawat inap di RS Bhayangkara tahun 2012 (31,8%), namun rendah pada perawat UGD di RSS bila dibandingkan dengan hasil survei global (43,1–87%); aktivitas yang dominan menimbulkan LBP adalah membungkuk dan angkat angkut pasien. Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna postur membungkuk (p=0,031; OR=1,18–133,89), sudut lengkung punggung (p=0,024; OR=1,65-196,31), dan transfer pasien (p=0,011; OR=5,22–176,83) dengan tingkat risiko LBP. Simpulan, aktivitas fisik perawat dan sarana kerjanya dapat menyebabkan LBP sehingga disarankan menyediakan sarana kerja yang adjustable serta ‘meja’ dinding di toilet untuk pengukuran urin, memenuhi rasio perawat-pasien minimal, SOP, mendidik perawat agar mampu melakukan pengendalian.. Kata kunci: Ergonomi, low back pain, perawatErgonomic Risk Control on Low Back Pain among Hospitals' NursesAbstract Nurses are at high risk of low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to assess physical activities and working facilities as the risk factors that can lead to LBP in nurses in the wards and the emergency units of several hospitals in Jakarta  to provide recommendations for controlling the risk of LBP. Observations were performed to identify high-risk activities and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) method was used to assess the ergonomic risk. Questionnaires and Nordic body map were also used to assess the other risk factors and LBP-related complaints. In addition, the cross-sectional design for association analysis, measurement and analysis to assess the working tools were also applied. The results showed that the prevalence of LBP among nurses was higher in the RSUD Tarakan emergency unit in 2013 (61.1%) and RS Bhayangkara wards in 2012 (31.8%). In the private hospital  emergency unit, the LBP is lower compared to the results of a global survey (43.1–87%). The dominant causes of LBP were bending and patient-lifting. A significant association was evident between the risk level of LBP and bending posture (p=0.031, OR=1.18–133.89), curved spine angle (p=0.024, OR=1.65–196.31), and patients transfer (p=0.011, OR=5.22–176.83). In conclusion, nurse physical activities and their work facilities can induce LBP. Therefore, it is suggested to provide adjustable facilities and wall-mounted tables in the toilets for urine measurements. Meeting the the minimum nurse: patient ratio, providing SOPs, and educating the nurses to control the risks of LBP are also needed.Key words: Ergonomic, low back pain, nurse DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n4.342
Uji Toksisitas Akut yang Diukur dengan Penentuan LD50 Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar Makiyah, Arfatul; Tresnayanti, Sumirat
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n3.1130

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles  (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) dengan penentuan LD50 pada tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental laboratorium pada tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan April–Mei 2017. Tikus putih strain Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Tikus putih strain Wistar pada setiap perlakuan diberikan secara oral ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles selama 7 hari pada tanggal 20–27 April 2017. Parameter uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dengan penentuan Lethal Doses (LD50) dengan dosis tunggal (limited doses) 2000 mg/kgBB menunjukkan tidak terjadi efek toksik dilihat dari bobot badan rata-rata sesudah perlakuan, perbandingan bobot badan antarkelompok sesudah perlakuan, kematian hewan coba (LD50 24 jam) dan gejala-gejala toksik klinis tikus putih strain Wistar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan bobot badan tikus putih strain Wistar pada kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 2000 mg/kgBB tidak menimbulkan efek toksik dibanding dengan kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 220 mg/kgBB, 110 mg/kgBB dan 55 mg/kgBB (p<0,05), begitu juga jika dibanding dengan kelompok pembanding Na CMC 1% dan kontrol akuades (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) tidak memiliki efek toksik pada gejala-gejala klinisnya. [MKB. 2017;49(3):145–55]Kata kunci: Bobot badan, Ekstrak etanol, LD50, uji toksisitas akut, umbi iles-iles  (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract of Iles-Iles Tuber (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) by Measuring Its LD50 in Wistar White MiceThis study aimed to analyze the acute toxicity test of ethanol extract of iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) through the measurement of LD50 in Wistar White Mice. This study was a laboratory experimental study using Wistar white mice conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran during the period of April to May 2017. Thirty six Wistar white mice were divided into 6 groups. The experimental Wistar mice in treatment group received oral ethanol extract of iles-iles tuber for 7 days between 20 and 27 April 2017. The acute toxicity test of the iles-iles tuber ethanol extract as measured using the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) with a single dose (limited doses) of 2,000 mg/KgWt did not show any toxic effects as indicated by the mean body weight after treatment, weight ratio between groups after treatment, death of experimental animals (24 hours LD50), and clinical toxic symptoms of Wistar white mice. It was shown that the weight change in the mice receiving 2,000 mg/KgWt of iles-iles tuber ethanol extract did not lead to any toxic effect when compared to those receiving 220 mg/KgWt, 110 mg/KgWt, and 55 mg/KgWt (p<0,05). This was also true when compared to the comparison group of Na CMC 1% and aquadest control (p<0,05). Hence, iles-iles tuber (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) ethanol extract does not have any toxic effect based on the clinical symptoms.  [MKB. 2017;49(3):145–55]Key words: Acute toxicity test, body weight, ethanol extract, iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.), LD50 
Akurasi Indeks Antropometri Obesitas dalam Mempediksi Kontrol Glicemic Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kota Pekanbaru Arfianti, Arfianti; Deyana, Frilly; Rosdiana, Dani; Ardini, Nadiah Yamanza; Armi, Wahyuli; Kesumah, Dewi Iramayana Sandra
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1361

Abstract

Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah. Kontrol gula darah merupakan salah satu tujuan utama tata laksana pasien DM. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko utama dari DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan indeks antropometri dengan kontrol gula darah pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang dirawat jalan di puskesmas Kota Pekanbaru. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini meliputi 103 pasien DM tipe 2 yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Sidomulyo dan Simpang Tiga Kota Pekanbaru pada bulan Mei–Juni 2018.Subjek penelitian paling banyak perempuan (58,3%) dan berusia ≥45 tahun (96,1%). Tingkat pendidikanterbanyak adalah SMA (42,7%) dan 54,4% tidak bekerja. Riwayat diabetes ditemukan pada 68,9% subjek dan 85,4% subjek tidak memiliki riwayat merokok. Sebanyak 98,1% pasien diabetes mendapat obat hipoglikemik oral dan 84,5% pasien diabetes memiliki kadar gula darah tidak terkontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa obesitas berdasar atas IMT dan WC tidak berhubungan dengan kontrol gula darah. Sebaliknya, obesitas berdasarkan WHR (p=0,014) dan WHtR (p=0,015) memiliki hubungan dengan kontrol gula darah pada pasien DM. Namun WHR dan WHtR secara tunggal memiliki akurasi yang sangat lemah dalam memprediksi kontrol gula darah pada penderita DM tipe 2.Accuracy of anthropometric Indexes of Obesity to Predict Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Care in PekanbaruType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Glycemic control is the main goal of DM patient management. Obesity is a major risk factor for DM. This study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric indexes and glycemic control in DM patients visiting primary health care facilities in Pekanbaru. This was a cross-sectional analytical observational study on 103 type 2 DM patients from Sidomulyo and Simpang Tiga public health centers in Pekanbaru during the period of May-June 2018. More female subjects participated in this study (58.3%) with overall average age of ≥45 years (96.1%). The highest level of education of the subjects was senior high school (42.7%) and most subjects were unemployed (54.4%). The family history of DM was found in 68.9% subjects and majority had no smoking history (86.4%). As many as 98.1% DM patients were taking oral hypoglicemic drugs. Most of the DM patients had uncontrolled glycemic status (84.5%). This study showed that BMI-based and WC-based obesity was not associated with glycemic control in DM patients. On the other hand, the association between obesity based on WHR (P = 0.02; OR = 5.26) and WHtR (P = 0.008; OR = 6.82) and glycemic control in DM patients was statistically significant. However, WHR dan WHtR alone has no discrimination power to predict glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients.
Penatalaksanaan Oligodontia pada Anak 14 Tahun dengan Sindrom Ectodermal Dysplasia: Laporan Kasus Anie Apriani; Inne Suherna Sasmita
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Ectodermal dysplasia adalah kelainan herediter yang jarang didapatkan, lebih kurang 7.000 kasus di dunia. Pada kelainan ini terjadi gangguan perkembangan struktur organ-organ yang berasal dari lapisan ektodermal seperti rambut, gigi, kuku, dan kelenjar keringat. Dilaporkan kasus sindrom ectodermal dysplasia pada seorang anak perempuan berusia 14 tahun dengan manifestasi klinis berupa oligodontia (kehilangan gigi lebih dari 6 gigi pada rahang atas dan bawah), rambut tipis dan keriting, abnormalitas bentuk kuku kaki, dan gangguan ekskresi keringat. Tujuan perawatan pasien ini adalah mendapatkan fungsi estetik dan pengunyahan pasien yang terganggu akibat tidak terdapat benih gigi permanen, selain itu juga untuk menjaga supaya pertumbuhan rahang tetap berkembang normal. Penatalaksanaan oligodontia berupa pembuatan gigi tiruan lepasan dan mahkota akrilik pada seluruh gigi anterior rahang atas dan bawah. Simpulan yang didapatkan pada pasien ini adalah tercapainya perbaikan  estetika dan pengembalian fungsi pengunyahan serta pemeliharaan pertumbuhan rahang  dapat terjaga dengan baik.  [MKB. 2015;47(4):255–60]Kata kunci: Ectodermal dysplasia, gigi tiruan, oligodontiaOligodontia Management in Children 14 Years with Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndrome: Case ReportAbstractEctodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder that is rarely seen with approximately 7000 cases in the world. In this disorder, Ectodermal dysplasia occurs as a developmental disorder of organ structures derived from the ectodermal layer such as hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands. This is a case report of ectodermal dysplasia in a 14-year-old girl with clinical manifestations of oligodontia (tooth loss, more than 6 teeth on the upper and lower jaw), thin and curly hair, abnormal toenail shape, and impaired excretion of sweat. The purpose of the treatment was to make the patient regains her esthetic and masticatory functions, which were disrupted by the absence of permanent tooth buds, as well as to maintain the normal growth of the developing jaws. Treatment for the patient’s with oligodontia included the use of removable denture in lower jaw and application of acrylic crowns on all upper and lower anterior teeth resulting in improved esthetics and masticatory function. It is concluded that the treatment has been able to improve the esthetics and to return the masticatory function of the patient while maintaining the normal growth of the jaws. [MKB. 2015;47(4):255–60]Key words: Ectodermal dysplasia, oligodontia, prothes DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n4.622
Combination Effect of Cecendet (Physalisangulata L.) Extract and Methylprednisolone in Reducing Inflammation and Improving Renal Functions in Pristane-induced Lupus Rat Models Sheba, Shiane Hanako; Setiani, Nur Asni; Sutjiatmo, Afifah B.; Vikasari, Suci Nar; Sukandar, Elin Yulinah
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 51, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v51n1.1599

Abstract

Cecendet (Physalis angulata L.) is a herbal plant commonly used for traditional remedies in Indonesia to prevent inflammation in rheumatic disease. Several studies have determined that cecendet has an immunosuppressant activity towards pristane-induced lupus animal model. A preliminary study has proven that its use is safe in animals based on acute and sub-chronic toxicity tests. In management of lupus, methylprednisolone is used for primary immunosuppressant agent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cecendet ethanolic extract in combination with methylprednisolone on inflammation, urinalysis, and serum creatinine level of rats as pristane-induced lupus animal models. This study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory of Pharmacy Faculty of Jenderal Ahmad Yani University in January 2016. Four groups of female rats were used i.e. normal group, control group, 62.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) cecendet ethanolic extract group, and group receiving 62.5 mg/kg bw cecendet ethanolic extract combined with 0.36 mg/kg body weight methylprednisolone for six weeks, followed by thirty days of 0.5 mL pristine-induced. Examinations on anti-inflammation effect, urinalysis, and serum creatinine level  were performed in week 3 and 6 during the intervention. The results showed that the administration of cecendet ethanolic extract alone and in combination with methylprednisolone could inhibit inflammation and reduce proteinuria and serum creatinine level when compared to the control group.Key words: Anti-inflammation, cecendet, creatinine, methylprednisolone, Physalis angulata L. Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Ekstrak Cecendet (Physalisangulata L.) dan Metilprednisolon terhadap Penurunan Radang dan Perbaikan Fungsi Ginjal Pada Model Tikus Lupus yang Diinduksi PristanaTanaman cecendet (Physalis angulata L.) sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional di Indonesia, antara lain sebagai antiradang untuk mengobati reumatik. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa cecendet memiliki aktivitas imunosupresan pada hewan model lupus yang diinduksi pristana dan aman berdasar s ata uji toksisitas akut dan subkronis. Pada penanganan lupus, metilprednisolon digunakan sebagai obat utama imunosupresan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji khasiat ekstrak etanol herba cecendet dalam penggunaan tunggal dan kombinasi dengan metilprednisolon terhadap radang, urinalisis, dan kadar kreatinin serum pada tikus yang diinduksi pristana sebagai model hewan lupus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani pada bulan Januari 2016.  Tikus betina sebagai hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 grup, yaitu: grup normal, grupkontrol, grup diberi sediaan ekstrak etanol herba cecendet 62,5 mg/kg BB tunggal, dan grup hewan uji diberi sediaan ekstrak etanol herba cecendet 62,5 mg/kg BB kombinasi dengan metilprednisolon 0,36 mg/kg BB selama enam minggu, setelah tiga puluh hari diinduksi 0,5mL pristana. Tiga dan enam minggu setelah pemberian sediaan uji, dilakukan uji efek antiradang, pemeriksaan urin, dan pengukuran kadar kreatinin serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol herba cecendet tunggal maupun sebagai komplemen dengan metilprednisolon selama enam minggu memperlihatkan pengaruh penghambatan pembentukan radang, menurunkan proteinuria dan menurunkan kadar kreatinin serum jika dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol.Kata kunci: Anti-radang, Cecendet, kreatinin, metilprednisolon, Physalis angulata L.
Distribusi Genotipe dan Subtipe Virus Hepatitis B pada Penderita Hepatitis B Kronik di Pekanbaru Arfianti, -; Zainal, Andi; Andrini, Fauzia; Endriani, Rita
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 43, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Variasi genetik virus hepatitis B (VHB) dapat mempengaruhi manifestasi klinis, risiko karsinoma hepatoselular (KH), dan respons terhadap terapi antiviral. Desain penelitian adalah analitik cross-sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan distribusi genotipe dan subtipe VHB pada berbagai manifestasi klinis hepatitis B kronik di Pekanbaru. Sebanyak lima puluh dua serum penderita hepatitis B kronik di Pekanbaru diperoleh sejak bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2009 telah diperiksa pada penelitian ini. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Fisher. Penentuan genotipe VHB dilakukan dengan membandingkan sikuens gen S pada penelitian ini dengan sikuens gen S yang telah dipublikasi pada GenBank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 31 (60%) penderita terinfeksi oleh genotipe C dan 21 (40%) oleh genotipe B. Berdasarkan manifestasi klinis, genotipe C merupakan genotipe yang paling banyak ditemukan pada donor darah (7/10 penderita) dan sirosis (7/10 penderita), sedangkan pada penderita hepatitis B kronik aktif dan KH ditemukan frekuensi genotipe B dan C yang hampir sama. Subtipe adr (60%) merupakan subtipe yang paling banyak ditemukan, diikuti oleh subtipe adw (38%) dan ayw (2%). Berdasarkan hasil uji stastitik tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna distribusi genotipe dan subtipe pada berbagai manifestasi klinis infeksi VHB. Namun, genotipe C (8/9 penderita) merupakan genotipe VHB yang paling banyak ditemukan pada penderita KH dengan sirosis, sedangkan genotipe B (8/11 penderita) merupakan genotipe VHB yang paling banyak menginfeksi penderita KH tanpa sirosis (p=0,01). Simpulan, genotipe VHB mungkin berhubungan dengan patogenesis karsinoma hepatoselular dengan sirosis dan tanpa sirosis. [MKB. 2011;43(3):105–11].Kata kunci: Genotipe, hepatitis B kronik, karsinoma hepatoselular, sirosis, subtipe Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subtypes Among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in PekanbaruGenetic variance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the clinical manifestation, development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and response to antiviral treatment. This was analytic cross-sectional study which aimed to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes and subtypes among different clinical status of chronic hepatitis B in Pekanbaru. A total of fifty-two of sera from chronic hepatitis B patients in Pekanbaru was collected from March to August 2009. Statistical analysis was performed by using Fisher test. HBV genotypes were examined based on homology of S gene from this study with those of GenBank database. Of these subjects, 31 (60%) and 21 (40%) were infected by genotype C and B, respectively. Based on clinical manifestation, genotype C was predominantly found among HBsAg-positive blood donors (7/10 patients) and liver cirrhosis (7/10 patients), whereas genotype B and C were comparable among chronic hepatitis B active and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Subtype adr (60%) was the most prevalent, followed by subtype adw (38%) and subtype ayw (2%). There were no significant difference in the distribution of HBV genotypes and subtypes among diverse clinical manifestation of HBV infection. However, genotype C was predominantly detected among cirrhotic-HCC (8/9 patients) , while genotype B was mostly identified among non cirrhotic-HCC (8/11 patients) (p=0.01). In conclusion, HBV genotype may be associated with the pathogenesis of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic-HCC. [MKB. 2011;43(3):105–11].Key words: Chronic hepatitis B, genotype, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, subtype DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n3.54

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