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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 651 Documents
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In-silico study of the Effectiveness of Allium sativum L. extract as an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor in Hypertension Limanto, Agus; Husain, Elma Eka Fitra; Dewajanti, Anna Maria
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 55, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n3.3287

Abstract

Over the last decade, the global prevalence of hypertension rate has increased by 5.2% and, in Indonesia, the prevalence rate has increased significantly from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1% in 2018. Hypertension treatments using blood pressure-lowering drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, often cause unpleasant side effects. These side effects increase the interest in using potentially effective natural remedies, such as garlic. This study aimed to determine which organosulfur compounds in garlic can act as an ACE inhibitor to reduce blood pressure in hypertension using a cheminformatics approach. Eighteen organosulfur compounds of Allium sativum L. were screened based on Lipinski’s rules and ADMET evaluation. Seven compounds passed the screening and were subjected to QSAR analysis, molecular docking analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of the protein. The seven compounds then underwent molecular docking and QSAR analysis. Ajoene (4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene-9-oxide) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) were two compounds with better docking values compared to the positive control compound. The QSAR analysis also showed that SAMC had an activity as an ACE inhibitor. The ADMET evaluation showed that Ajoene and SAMC had good absorption and could not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Molecular dynamics simulation of ACE complexes Ajoene, SAMC, and Captopril ranged from 0.05 to 5.61 Å but exhibited a pattern of synonymous fluctuations for most residues. Based on the simulation data, the organosulfur compounds from garlic, Ajoene, and SAMC are proven to have a mechanism of action as ACE inhibitors to reduce blood pressure in hypertension.
Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Jember Agricultural Workers Caused by Oxidative Stress and Neurotransmitter Disturbance Narwanto, Muhammad Ihwan; Purwandhono, Azham; Sofiana, Kristianningrum Dian; Febianti, Zahrah; Jauhani, Muhammad Afiful; Kusumastuti, Inke; Putri, Elvia Rahmi Marga
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3508

Abstract

Increased use of pesticides can have detrimental health consequences, one of which is chronic neurotoxicity. The symptoms include degenerative and neurobehavioral issues. Chronic neurotoxicity occurs through oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter disturbances. This study aimed to determine chronic neurotoxicity and test malondialdehyde and cholinesterase levels as neurotoxicity biomarkers among agricultural workers in Wuluhan, Jember, Indonesia. The 60-person research sample was divided into two groups: agricultural and non-agricultural workers. The interview utilized a mini-mental score examination, Chan's questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire to analyze the cognitive impairment, Parkinsonism, and depressive symptoms. The examination of serum malondialdehyde levels was performed using the TBARS method and cholinesterase levels by photometric kinetic method at a biochemistry laboratory from October to November 2022. Results showed cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in agricultural workers, as well as high levels of malondialdehyde and low cholinesterase levels. This study concludes the presence of chronic pesticide neurotoxicity among agricultural workers in Jember, Indonesia, and that malondialdehyde and cholinesterase levels might serve as biomarkers of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity.
Bilateral Optic Nerve Atrophy Case Report Naqeeb, Mohammed R.; Abdulmannan, Dina M
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3334

Abstract

Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and deafness, is a genetic neurological condition. This case report provides a description on the first instance of Wolfram syndrome in a Saudi family, which manifested as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a powder-like cataract, among the other unusual ophthalmological findings. This case involved a 27-year-old Saudi woman with bilateral optic nerve atrophy who was first diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the age of 8 years. At the age of 18, bilateral optic nerve atrophy was identified. At the age of 27, diabetes insipidus and hearing loss were verified. There were no signs of renal, neurological, or psychiatric issues. Atypical ophthalmological traits were examined and addressed in this study. Any individual with bilateral optic nerve atrophy and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus within the first 30 years of life should be evaluated for the possibility of Wolfram syndrome. Microvascular diabetes is an incredibly rare complication of Wolfram syndrome. Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe consequences can result in improved survival rates and quality of life.
Use of sEMG for Swallowing Muscles Activity Quantification in Acute Phase of Stroke Biben, Vitriana; Tanuwijaya, Andre; Wardhani, Ildzamar Haifa; Amalia, Lisda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 55, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n4.3150

Abstract

Early diagnosis of dysphagia and aspiration risk is very important in minimizing the risk of various medical consequences. This study aimed to establish a scientific database for future sEMG-based dysphagia screening investigations by examining the electrical activity of swallowing muscles in acute stroke cases. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 stroke inpatients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from July to November 2019. The objective of this study was to quantify electrical activities of the suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles during swallowing. Patients participated in both dry swallowing and a 3 mL water swallowing task, with the sEMG used to measure electrical activity parameters (duration, swallowing initiation, time-to-peak, and amplitude) on both paretic and normal sides. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the electrical activity parameters between the patients paretic and normal sides. Only amplitude showed a significant difference between the paretic and normal side (p=0.023) when performing the 3 mL water swallowing test. Other parameters did not exhibit significant differences in activity between muscle groups during both swallowing tests (p>0.05),  although varying water volumes led to distinct activities in both muscles. Despite the absence of a clear pattern in SH and IH contractions during swallowing, the result showed that the sEMG quantification method might become a promising method for screening dysphagia, complementary to FEES and VFSS. The non-invasive and cost-effective sEMG method can serve as an early screening tool for dysphagia in stroke patients. This study underscores the importance of further investigation on sEMG use, incorporating a larger sample size and diverse cohort results with various swallowing exercises (varying in volume and viscosity) to validate the use of sEMG in dysphagia screening.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Covid-19 Tinambunan, Nicholas Christian; Faried, Ahmad; Djajakusumah, Teguh Marfen; Yohana, Raden; Rizki, Kiki Ahmad; Sobana, Mirna
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3229

Abstract

Head trauma is a head injury caused by external forces in the head or body that results in disruption of the normal functioning of the brain. According to the CDC, deaths from head injuries were about 60,000 in 2016, and rose to more than 61,000 in 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic had caused poor non-COVID patient care, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries with limited access to health facilities, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, including among patients with head injuries. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics, duration of hospital stay, and difference of time to surgery interval in Traumatic Brain Injury patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was performed through analytical methods with a cross-sectional study design using analysis of medical records of head trauma patients treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in the period before the pandemic (February 2018-February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020 - September 2021). Data analysis showed significant differences in length of hospitalization and operating intervals before and during the pandemic (p=0.04 and p=0.03), showing that there are differences in interval operation and duration of stay between patients with head trauma before the pandemic and during the pandemic.
Non-Metallic and Metallic Toxicant Exposures from Personal Care Products in Indonesian Male and Female Medical Students Putra, Alby Dwinanda; Syamsir, Elmatris; Yulistini, Yulistini; Khaira, Fathiyyatul; Asri, Ennesta; Ilmiawati, Cimi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 55, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n4.3254

Abstract

Students can gain various benefits from their daily personal care products. However, the chemicals contained in these products may have adverse health effects. Regardless the inspection performed by regulatory agencies on these products, the products circulating in the market may still contain toxicants thus may jeopardize their safety for use. This study evaluated toxicant ingredients contained in personal care products used by male and female college students. This study was conducted from September to December 2022 on 23 male and 46 female college students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia. Data were collected using a 69-items validated questionnaire. Results were then presented as a distribution of products used categorized by body areas and potentially toxic metallic and non-metallic ingredients identified from their labels. Female college students used at least 10 personal care products, with a median of 19 products. Male students used at least four products and a median of eight products. Investigation on the label of skin, hair, eye, dental and oral, lips, and nail personal care products demonstrated the presence of metallic and non-metallic toxicants. Five metallic toxicants (aluminum, titanium, zinc, copper, and chromium) and 15 non-metallic toxicants (triclosan, talc, fragrance, parabens, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, phthalates, benzophenone-3, acetone, and fluoride) were identified. Thus, numerous toxicants are present in marketed personal care products, and females are exposed more than males to these toxicants. Consumers need to be more critical in their choice of personal care products.
Effect of Community Education on Community Knowledge of Premature Rupture of Membranes Aziz, Muhammad Alamsyah; Pramatirta, Akhmad Yogi; Kharismawati, Nuniek; Almira, Nadia Larastri; Sutjighassani, Tjut
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 55, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n3.3112

Abstract

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is still a health problem with a reasonably high incidence among pregnant women in Indonesia. The PROM is defined as the rupture of membranes before signs of labor are observed. Better knowledge on the causes, signs, symptoms, and complications of PROM is believed to help in reducing maternal and infant mortality caused by PROM. This was a cross-sectional, analytic observational study conducted in Cipacing Village, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia during the period of June–July 2022. Community education was held to give better knowledge about PROM for women with an obstetric and gynecology specialist and fetomaternal consultant as the resource person. Total sampling was obtained from 62 women. Data were collection using pre-test and post-tests before and after the education session. The mean pre-test score was 6.48, while the mean post-test score was 7.96. A dependent T-test was used to determine the relationship between scores before and after the community education with a p-value of 0.0001. There was a significant increase in knowledge about PROM after the education session compared to before the session. This means community education is effective and impactful to increase the level of knowledge about PROM among women.
Self-Medication using Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Fathoni, Rifqilya Nurul; Ebtavanny, Tamara Gusti; Yunita, Ema Pristi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3207

Abstract

Self-medication refers to the use of medications by a person without consulting health professionals and  prescription. One of the common drugs used for self-medication is chlorpheniramine maleate (CTM), a drug indicated to relieve symptoms of allergy. However, the lack of knowledge about the indications of CTM leads to its significant misuse. Long-term effects of CTM misuse include heart rate regularity disorder, central nervous system disorders, and even coma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between sociodemographic factors and the appropriateness of CTM use for self-medication from the perspective of the experience of using CTM for self-medication. This cross-sectional study was performed in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from October to November 2022 on 117 respondents sampled randomly using cluster sampling method. A questionnaire that was already proven as valid and reliable was used. Results for the appropriateness of CTM use showed that 95.7% of respondents were in good category, 3.4% were in fair category, and 0.9% were in poor category. The hypothesis tests, which were the Somers’d test and the contingency coefficient, showed no correlation between age (p=0.242), gender (p=0.307), income level (p=0.789), experience (p=0.176), and the appropriate use of CTM for self-medication. However, there is a correlation between education level (p=0.048) and the appropriate use of CTM for self-medication, albeit very weak (r=0.065). Therefore, only the level of education affects the appropriate use of CTM for self-medication.
Correlation Between Physical Activity and Fitness Level Among Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Residents Firdaus, Wildan; Fuadi, Iwan; Erlangga, M. Erias
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 55, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n4.3007

Abstract

Anesthesiologists have a highly varied scope of work. Previous studies demonstrated that the physical activity of anesthesiologists and their residency program in the work environment does not meet the recommended standards. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and level of physical fitness among anesthesiology residents. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted on residents of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, between January and April 2022. All anesthesiology residents were asked to fill out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and had their number of steps measured using a pedometer while the physical fitness level was assessed using the Harvard Step Test. Physical activity was assessed based on the IPAQ and pedometer. The results of IPAQ measurement showed that more subjects had low physical activity (n=44) compared to good physical activity (n=31). When measured using a pedometer, 38 subjects were classified as having low physical activity while 36 had good physical activity. Low fitness level (n=43) was associated with less physical activity on IPAQ (41 and 2)and pedometer (30 and 13). No residents had moderate or better fitness levels. Correlation analysis between physical activity and physical fitness showed a significantpositive correlation with a p-value <0.05 (Spearman Rho: 0.618). Thus,physical activity and fitness level are well-correlated among of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care residents.
Risk Factors for Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Arifin Achmad Hospital Riau, Indonesia Anggraini, Dewi; Rosdiana, Dani; Kasih, Rani Rindang; Triani, Zhana Daisya
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3484

Abstract

Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria that produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) isolates pose a global threat to human health, including in Indonesia. The availability of therapeutic options for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) is limited, making early recognition of patients with ESBL crucial to preventing the spread of these bacteria within the hospital. This study aimed to examine the risk factors associated with ESBL-KP in the Arifin Achmad General Hospital Riau, Indonesia. This prospective case-control study was performed from January to March 2018, with the diagnosis of ESBL established using the Vitek 2 compact automated tool. The risk factors examined were gender, age, specimen type, ward of origin, hospitalization exceeding seven days, history of antibiotic usage, presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, immunocompromised status, ICU care, and hospitalization within the past month. Patients hospitalized for more than seven days were 4.75 times more likely to develop ESBL-KP, while immunocompromised patients were 2.92 times more likely to develop ESBL-KP. However, the history of antibiotic use, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, ICU care, and hospitalization within the past month did not exhibit statistically significant associations with ESBL-KP infection. Therefore, ESBL-KP infection should be anticipated in patients hospitalized for more than seven days and those who are immunocompromised. It is crucial to implement infection prevention and control measures, as well as selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy.

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