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The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20872852     EISSN : 23381655     DOI : 10.21776/ub.jels
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) is a scientific journal published by Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya as distribution media of Indonesian researcher’s results in life science to the wider community. JELS is published in every four months. JELS published scientific papers in review, short report, and articles in Life Sciences especially biology, biotechnology, nanobiology, molecular biology, botany, microbiology, genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology, toxicology, and Applied Life Science including fermentation technology, food science, immunotherapy, proteomics and other fields related to life matter. JELS is a scientific journal that published compatible qualified articles to the academic standard, scientific and all articles reviewed by the expert in their field. The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) have a vision to become qualified reference media to publish the best and original research results and become the foundation of science development through invention and innovation on cellular, molecular, nanobiology, and simulation work related to life matter rapidly to the community. The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) has objectives to published qualified articles on research’s results of Indonesian researchers in life science scope. JELS encompasses articles which discuss basic principles on natural phenomenon with cellular, molecular, and nanobiology approach.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 299 Documents
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Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) Leaves Ethanol Extract Improves the Production of IL-6 and IL-17 Cytokines in Mice with Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Nabilah, Sarah Nahdah; Christina, Yuyun Ika; Dwijayanti, Dinia Rizqi; Rifa’i, Muhaimin; Djati, Muhammad Sasmito
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.01.02

Abstract

IL-6 and IL-17 are pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines that increase pulmonary fibrosis due to lung alveolar epithelial cell damage. Tapak liman leaves (Elephantopus scaber L.) have anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Elephantopus scaber L. ethanol extract (ESEE) on IL-6 and IL-17 produced by CD4+ and CD8+ in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model. Fifty-six male BALB/c mice will be divided into seven groups consisting of healthy mice (N), vehicle mice (V), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), Dexamethasone (DEX) as a drug control, and three doses of ESEE (0.0504, 0.1008, and 0.2016 mg.kg-1 BW). ESEE will be administered orally, followed by intraperitoneal bleomycin injection for 14 days. Mice are then dissected on days 7 and 14, and the spleen will be isolated for analysis of the expression of IL-6 and IL-17. The results showed that ESEE effectively reduced levels of IL-6 and IL-17 cytokines produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and doses three of ESEE (0.2016 mg.kg-1 BW)  (0.2016 mg.kg-1 BW) showed the most effective reduction activity than the Dexamethasone group. The treatment was proven to reduce the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 in mice with a model of pulmonary fibrosis. Keywords: bleomycin, Elephantopus scaber L., IL-6, IL-17, pulmonary fibrosis.
Optimization of Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Annealing Temperatures for the Detection of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus) Liver Martati, Erryana; Kirana, Pramudhia Khansa; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.01

Abstract

Free radicals exposure causes oxidative stress in the human body and leads to various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and aging. The endogenous enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts directly to reduce free radicals, and thus, its levels in tissue organs represent an important biomarker for oxidative stress in humans. One of the most reliable methods for detecting SOD is real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Still, the annealing temperatures and their results can vary widely depending on the samples. This study aims to optimize the annealing temperature of RT-PCR to detect SOD levels in liver tissue from Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue of one healthy Wistar rat using a cell lysis reagent. Purified RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The RT-PCR annealing temperature was optimized for detecting the expression of SOD with GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) as a reference housekeeping gene. The optimum RT-PCR annealing temperature for detecting SOD was 50°C, and GAPDH was 60°C. The optimization of annealing temperatures in RT-PCR is essential to obtain single peak readouts (higher specificity) and lowest Ct values possible (higher sensitivity). Keywords: Annealing temperature, Free radicals, RT-PCR, Superoxide dismutase, Wistar rat liver.
The Impact of Self-Induced Anaerobic Fermentation (SIAF) on Coffee Antioxidants: A Review Kartika, Annisa Aurora; Sunarharum, Wenny Bekti; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.01.06

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world and plays a crucial role in Indonesia's economy. The price of coffee is intricately tied to its quality and perceived health benefits. Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying the effect of post-harvest processing, particularly fermentation, on coffee antioxidants. Among the various fermentation techniques, self-induced anaerobic fermentation (SIAF) has emerged as an innovative approach to enhance coffee antioxidants. Despite its potential, the effects of SIAF on coffee antioxidants appear to be inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review aims to evaluate the potential impacts of SIAF on coffee's antioxidant contents and activities. Relevant articles from 2013 to 2023 that discuss the effects of SIAF on coffee antioxidants were reviewed. The results indicate that SIAF may enhance coffee's antioxidant contents and activities, but the effects appear to depend on the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process. The effects may be linked to the microbial activities and enzymatic processes that change the biochemical compositions of the coffee during fermentation. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects is important for optimal integration of SIAF into the coffee industry. This study contributes valuable insights into the promising role of SIAF in enhancing coffee antioxidants and emphasizes the importance of continued research in this field. Keywords: Antioxidant, Anaerobic Fermentation, Coffee, Microbes, Polyphenol.
Identification of Microplastics in The Outer Ambon Bay, Mollucas Lekatompessy, Vanela Chatrin; Marhendra, Agung Pramana Warih; Kurniawan, Nia
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.02

Abstract

Marine plastic debris that enters the sea can be fragmented by physical and chemical factors, then float in the water column or accumulate in sediments, which have the potential to be ingested by marine biota, causing digestive system disorders, fecundity, eating capacity, reproduction, and death. This study aimed to identify the accumulation of microplastics in water and sediments in Outer Ambon Bay using a purposive sampling method and descriptive analysis for data related to microplastics' type, color, and size, as well as follow-up tests of the least significant difference. The results show that the waters of Outer Ambon Bay have been polluted by microplastics. The number of microplastic particles found in water samples at three different depths (0, 50, and 100 cm) was 201 particles L-1, and in sediment samples, it was 325 particles g-1. It is supported by the fact that the type of fiber has a thin shape and size and can float on the surface of the water and by the existence of beaches where there are fishing activities, boat ports, rivers, and densely populated areas, as well as sandy and muddy sediments that can trap more microplastics during the tidal period. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the waste problem in the waters of Ambon Bay. Keywords: Identification, Marine Pollution, Microplastics, Outer Ambon Bay.
Purple Roselle Fortified Yogurt Supplementation Prevents Dioxin-Induced Oxidative Testicular Impairment in Rats Setianingrum, Ani; Nindhyasari, Shintya; Pratiwi, Herlina; Haskito, Ajeng Erika Prihastuti; Noviatri, Aldila
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.03

Abstract

Dioxins are highly toxic and hurt multiple organs and systems, including the reproductive organs. This study determined the supplementation of purple roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima) extract into yogurt to prevent testicular deterioration induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The fortification of purple roselle extract into yogurt (RY) was used as a supplement because bioactive components are known to be efficacious in preventing cell damage. Five groups of male Wistar rats were group as follows: 1) negative control (C), 2) TCDD (T), 3) TCDD and 0.5% RY (P1), 4) TCDD and 1% RY (P2), 5) TCDD and 1.5% RY (P3). All treatments were carried out orally for 12 days. Testicular Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and histopathological changes were described quantitatively by one-way ANOVA. The study's results showed that treatment groups P1 (0.5% RY) and P2 (1% RY) had significantly (P<0,05)  lower MDA levels than the T group, while group P3 had no significant decrease in MDA level. It proved that supplementation of purple roselle yogurt reduced the formation of MDA in testicular tissue. Histopathology changes show that all groups exposed to TCDD have depleted spermatogenic, Sertoli, and Leydig cells compared to the C group. Suggests that dioxin exposure can have adverse effects on male reproductive organs. This research concludes that supplementing yogurt fortified with purple roselle extract can prevent increased testicular MDA levels. The decrease in testicular cells due to TCDD toxicity was inevitable. However, antioxidant activity from roselle yogurt supplementation can prevent further damage in rat testicular cells. Keywords: Histopathology, MDA, Purple Roselle, Testis, TCDD, Yogurt.
Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Bulbil Explant Growth and In Vitro Shoot Formation in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Febriyanti, Vera; Waluyo, Budi; Harijati, Nunung; Martasari, Chaireni; Widoretno, Wahyu
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.04

Abstract

Porang is one of the plant commodities with high economic value due to its high glucomannan content in the tubers. Currently, the global demand for porang tubers continues to rise, but domestic production has not yet met this demand due to the limited supply of superior porang seeds. Mutation breeding with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) can be one of the alternative methods for developing superior porang to enhance tuber production. This study aims to determine the response of porang bulbil explants to EMS mutagen treatment in vitro. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of six EMS concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1%). The research stages included pre-culture of bulbil explants on MS + BAP 3 mg.L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg.L-1 for two weeks in dark conditions and EMS mutagen treatment on bulbil cultures for four weeks. The results showed that adding EMS mutagen to the medium for four weeks caused the explants browning, inhibited shoots forming, and decreased the fresh weight and growth index. The higher the EMS concentration in the medium, the increased percentage of browning explants and reduced explant growth and shoot formation. The EMS concentration (≥0.06%) inhibited explant growth and shoot formation. While EMS concentration (0.02-0.04%) increased explant growth, shoot formation was not significantly different from control, even though there was an increase. Up to four weeks of culture, there was no explant death, so LD50 is not yet known. The LD50 EMS can also be calculated by explant browning and shoot proliferation. Based on explant browning and shoot proliferation, the LD50 EMS in porang bulbil explants was 0.07% and 0.09%. The EMS concentration and length of culture age need to be increased to obtain an LD50 survival rate. Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, bulbil, EMS, In Vitro mutagenesis.
Prevalence of Anemia, Iron Level, Total Iron Binding Capacity Level, and Body Mass Index of Medical Students Living in Hostels in South India Senthilkumar, Kalimuthu; Kalaiyazhagan, Magendran; Lalamiya Abdul Rahiman, Baba; Ravichandran, Shanmugasundaram
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.07

Abstract

Studies have evidenced that hostel-staying medical students are at increased risk for anemia due to improper diet and long periods of studies that ultimately affect their performance. The nature of medical education, student efforts, and stress also raise the risk of anemia. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of anemia in medical students and iron levels, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels, and body mass index (BMI) in residing medical students in the hostel. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Swamy Vivekanandha Medical College Hospital and Research Institute (SVMCHRI). The Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) was obtained from IEC-SVMCHRI. The total number of students who participated in this study was 115 first-year medicine students (female = 76, male = 39) aged 18-24 years and were boarded in the hostel. Samples were collected after obtaining informed consent from students. Demographic parameters such as name, age, sex, and anthropometric parameters including weight, height, and BMI were recorded. Haemoglobin (Hb) was analyzed by a cell counter analyzer, iron levels, and TIBC levels were measured by a semi-autoanalyzer, and a blood smear study was performed. Anemia prevalence was higher in females than males; therefore, statistical analysis for male and female associations was observed through the Chi-squared test. The Hb cut-off followed the anemia classification per the World Health Organization (WHO). Overall, students had severe anemia (0.9%), moderate (8.7%), and mild (26.1%) anemia in hostels studying medicine. Females had a higher prevalence of anemia than males.  The comparison of Hb, iron levels, and TIBC levels between men and women was highly significant: Hb 14.93 and 11.85 g.dL-1 in men vs. women (P<0.001); iron levels 122.07 and 77.5289 µg.dL-1 in men vs. women (P<0.001); and TIBC levels 323.02 and 349.92 µg.dL-1 in men vs. women (P<0.008), consecutively. BMI was not significant between male and female associations. Overall, 18 participants had microcytic and hypochromic anemia in the blood smear study. This research finding concludes that the anemia prevalence is more common in female medical students with a tendency to microcytic and hypochromic anemia. Therefore, they may suffer from anemia due to nutritional deficiencies and benefit from iron supplementation. Keywords: Anemia, Iron, Hemoglobin, Microcytic and Hypochromic, Total Ion Binding Capacity.
An Assessment of Polar Solvent Extraction on Free Scavenging Activity of Sonneratia caseolaris Iranawati, Feni; Oktavia, Yoan; Kasitowati, Rarasrumdyah; Kartikaningsih, Hartati; Harlyan, Ledhyane Ika; Arifin, Sunanto
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.06

Abstract

Degenerative diseases such as stroke and cancer arise due to oxidative stress by a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Free radical scavenging (antioxidant) compounds are needed to neutralize the ROS. The natural antioxidant potential of mangrove species Sonneratia caseolaris has been widely explored. However, its extraction is usually carried out with polar solvents such as methanol. Besides being more toxic than ethanol, methanol can cause blindness and death when inhaled in large quantities. Additionally, Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim population, requires the use of halal products for food and cosmetics. This study aims to analyze the scavenging activities of S. caseolaris with methanol and distilled water as the polar solvents for extraction. Antioxidant activity was tested with the free radical assay method of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals). The test results were calculated as the IC50 value, a concentration capable of reducing free radicals by 50%. The antioxidant activity test showed that the IC50 values of methanol and distilled water were 18.9 ppm and 36 ppm, respectively. Therefore, both are considered very strong antioxidants. It indicates that distilled water is an acceptable substitute for methanol in the extraction process. Keywords: antioxidant, extraction, mangrove, solvent, Sonneratia.
Resistance Test of Potential Mercury-Reducing Bacteria Using Agar Plate Method Amandita, Fitri Yola; Efadeswarni, Efadeswarni; Aini, Nabillah; Fatma, Lania Yuchanitz
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.05

Abstract

The restoration of mercury-contaminated sites is a global concern, and countless studies have been conducted to formulate the best remediation practice. Mercury pollution in Indonesia has been a national issue. Thus, the government has enforced the reduction and elimination of this toxic and persistent chemical element and its compounds since 2019. As claimed to be the most environmentally friendly and cost-efficient technique, bioremediation using indigenous bacteria offers excellent potential to be implemented in developing countries such as Indonesia. This study is a preliminary part of four-year research at formulating a bioremediation technique to restore mercury-contaminated soils, especially in agricultural areas. In this investigation, fifteen indigenous bacterial isolates were tested for their resistance to mercury using two different techniques: the agar plate method, namely the disk-diffusion technique, and a modified version of the cup-plate technique. Inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) was measured and compared using Bland-Altman analysis between two techniques with supplementation of HgCl2 2-100 ppm range to the Mueller-Hinton agar media. The disk-diffusion technique appeared to give inconsistent measurements of IZD along the increase of HgCl2 concentration, in which the highest IZD mean was obtained from samples with 8 and 10 ppm HgCl2. Meanwhile, the cup-plate technique shows a lower average of IZD compared to the disk-diffusion technique. This report provides insights on the resistance of potential bacteria for mercury bioremediation. Further study should consider the accuracy of the agar plate method to test the bacterial resistance to any particular compound. Keywords: bioremediation, cup-plate, disk-diffusion, inhibitory zone diameter, method accuracy.
Assessment of Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital Kalimuthu, Senthilkumar; Philip, Sachu; Elango Nandhini, Natarajan; Baba, Lalamiya Abdul Rahiman; Ravichandran, Shanmugasundaram
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.03.01

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency has become a global health issue and is associated with the multifactorial clinical manifestations of diabetes. The objective of this study is to analyze vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients in association with biochemical parameters and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study was a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital conducted after the Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) approval. The available descriptive data of patients, such as age, gender, biochemical parameters, TSH, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were collected. Vitamin D was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The descriptive parameters were statistically analyzed using chi-square analysis. The results comprise 322 T2DM patients, with 187 males and 135 females. Vitamin D status levels were observed to have severe deficiency < 10 ng.mL-1 (23.6%), deficiency >10-20 ng.mL-1 (42.2%), insufficient >20-29 ng.mL-1 (22.7%), and sufficient > 30 ng.mL-1 (11.5%). The male and female patients with vitamin D status were significantly (p<0.001) different between groups. No significant (p = 0.122) association was observed between HbA1c and vitamin D. The high status of vitamin D deficiency with high glycemic levels is associated with poor diabetic control. Therefore, patients require awareness about their vitamin D status; with a proper diet, adequate exposure to sunlight, and exercise can help them improve their health. Keywords: Cholesterol, HbA1c, TSH, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D.

Page 28 of 30 | Total Record : 299

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