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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 97726154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula" : 30 Documents clear
Infeksi Protozoa Usus dan Anemia Sebagai Ancaman Kesehatan Global: Literature Review Rahmah, Nisrina Nur; Mutiara, Hanna; Septiani, Linda; Himayani, Rani
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1291

Abstract

Intestinal protozoan infections are a global health issue that needs to be monitored due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation. Intestinal protozoan infections are diseases caused by protozoan parasites, which are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms generally classified under the Kingdom Protista. The most frequently reported intestinal protozoa species responsible for human infections are Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia. There are two key factors contributing to the occurrence of intestinal protozoan infections: individual and environmental factors. Intestinal protozoan infections are known to cause various harmful consequences, particularly regarding the nutritional status of the affected individuals. As a result, intestinal protozoan infections are often associated with iron deficiency anemia, which can ultimately disrupt growth and development in children and decrease productivity in adults. This study aims to identify the pathways through which intestinal protozoan infections cause iron deficiency anemia. The study method involved a literature review and problem analysis. The results indicate that there are three main pathways through which intestinal protozoan infections lead to iron deficiency anemia: the metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms within the human body, the activation of the immune response to pathogenic microorganisms, and the reduction in micronutrient levels. To prevent these infections, the public is advised to improve personal hygiene, such as regularly washing hands, and to enhance environmental sanitation by treating water through filtration or disinfection.
RISK FACTORS FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS COINFECTION IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS Ildha Rosendy Kurnianda; Apriliana, Ety; Putri, Giska Tri; Wardani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1318

Abstract

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. In Indonesia, tuberculosis (TB) is an opportunistic infection that most often occurs in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). HIV infection increases susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thereby increasing the risk of developing TB. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that TB causes 13% of deaths in AIDS sufferers. Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection occurs when a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV at the same time. People with HIV have a 30 times greater risk of suffering from TB than people who are not infected with HIV. There is a significant relationship between these two infections, where each infection accelerates the development of the other infection. HIV infection can trigger reactivation of latent TB into active TB, while TB infection can worsen the clinical condition of patients who have been infected with HIV. The aim of this study was to determine various risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients. The method used is qualitative with literature study as a data collection technique. The results obtained were alcohol consumption and extra-pulmonary TB, education level, monthly income, occupation, family history of PTB, lack of appetite, balanced diet, maintaining healthy nutrition, smoking, and stopping taking medication if you felt the condition was under control and the incidence of PTB were factors associated with an increase in pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection..
Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Trigeminal Neuralgia Zefanya, Ezekial; Berawi, Khairun Nisa; Septiani, Linda; Wardani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1411

Abstract

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a sudden pain in the facial area, short duration for about one second to two minutes, being-stabbed feels like, and occurs repeatedly in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Type 1 (one) as intermittent pain and type 2 (two) as constant pain with different clinical, pathological, and prognostic complaints. The causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia involve peripheral pathology in the roots (compression or traction), brainstem dysfunction, basal ganglia, and cortical pain modulation mechanisms, but the most common is due to neurovascular factors. The diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia is basically clinical, to rule out secondary causes, detect pathological changes in the affected roots and neurovascular compression (NPC), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be used. The choice of first-line drug therapy is carbamazepine, and for the second line patient may use oxcarbazepine, baclofen, lamotrigine, phenytoin, and topiramate. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the surgical treatment of choice for TN that is resistant to medical management. Patients with significant medical comorbidities, without neurovascular compression and multiple sclerosis are generally advised to undergo gamma knife radiosurgery, percutaneous balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy, and radiofrequency thermocoagulation procedures. The most effective medical therapy is with carbamazepine with a reported reduction in facial pain after taking it as much as 47 percent. For patients who do not respond to medical treatment, microvascular decompression surgery is performed with an effectiveness rate in patients as much as 90 percent.
The Literatur Review: Hubungan Kadar Hemoglobin terhadap Lama Rawat Inap Pasien Laparotomi: - Buana, Faris Agung; Darwis, Iswandi; Marcellia, Selvi; Susianti, Susianti
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1432

Abstract

Hemoglobin is an important protein in the blood whose job is to transport oxygen to body tissues. Low hemoglobin levels (anemia) in laparotomy patients can affect postoperative recovery time, including the duration of hospitalization. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative hemoglobin levels and length of stay in laparotomy patients. Data were obtained from medical records of patients who underwent laparotomy at the hospital, including hemoglobin levels before surgery, length of stay, and additional variables such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and Surgical Apgar Score (SAS). The analysis showed that patients with low hemoglobin levels had a greater risk of experiencing longer hospital stays. This is due to suboptimal oxygen supply to the tissue, thereby slowing wound healing and increasing the risk of complications, such as infection and organ failure. Treating anemia with blood transfusions or iron supplementation has proven effective in increasing hemoglobin levels and speeding up patient recovery, with the average length of stay reduced to less than four days. Apart from hemoglobin levels, factors such as BMI, SAS, level of complexity of surgery, and the patient's health condition also influence the length of treatment. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and correcting hemoglobin levels before surgery as a preventive measure to speed recovery, minimize complications, and reduce hospital operational burden, especially in health facilities with limited resources. Further research is needed to determine the most effective clinical interventions in managing anemia in preoperative patients.
Review Literature: Relationship of Food Intake and the Incidence of Dyspepsia Syndrome in Medical Students Napitupulu, Cindy Cecilia Anasthasya; Rahmanisa, Soraya; Happy, Terza Aflika; Sari, Ratna Dewi Puspita
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1443

Abstract

Dyspepsia syndrome is a digestive disorder characterized by symptoms such as epigastric pain, burning, bloating and nausea. In Indonesia, the prevalence is high, with most cases classified as functional dyspepsia. In medical students, poor and irregular diets are common due to academic pressure, busy schedules, and unhealthy lifestyles, which are thought to be the main risk factors for dyspepsia. These habits are further exacerbated by the consumption of unhealthy foods, such as fast food, as well as the habit of eating at irregular times. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between diet and the incidence of dyspepsia syndrome in medical students in Indonesia through a literature review. A literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar with the keywords “dyspepsia syndrome,” “medical student dyspepsia syndrome,” and “medical student diet.” Of the 635 articles found, 16 were screened based on relevance of content, availability of full text, use of Indonesian language, and time of publication within the last 5 years. Five relevant articles were selected for further review. The review showed a significant association between disordered eating patterns and the incidence of dyspeptic syndrome. Habitual skipping of breakfast, consumption of fast food, eating under stressful conditions, and lack of balanced nutritional intake contributed to the risk of dyspepsia. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of health education on regular diet, stress management, and healthy lifestyle to prevent dyspepsia syndrome and improve the quality of life of medical students.
Faktor Risiko yang Dapat Diubah pada Demensia Lansia: Ulasan Literatur Naratif Singkat Hatimi, Fahmi Ilham; Hardiansyah, Ridwan; Islami, Suryadi
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1182

Abstract

The gradual neurological disease known as dementia causes a substantial reduction in cognitive function, which impairs an older person's capacity to carry out everyday tasks on their own. Dementia is a serious worldwide health concern since its prevalence rises with age. Through a narrative literature review, this study seeks to uncover modifiable risk factors for dementia in the elderly. Utilizing the terms "dementia risk factors," "factors of dementia," and "dementia in elderly," information was obtained from databases including Google Scholar, Garuda, and NCBI. The results show that reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, managing diabetes mellitus, and engaging in regular physical activity are all effective ways to avoid dementia. Increased cerebral blood flow from exercise supports cognitive function and slows the progression of dementia. Quitting smoking and drinking less alcohol reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxic damage—all of which hasten the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Controlling diabetes helps avoid hypoxia and vascular damage, both of which can worsen cognitive impairment. These lifestyle changes not only lessen the risk of dementia but also greatly lessen the financial, social, and emotional strain on people, families, and communities. This article highlights the value of early intervention through lifestyle modifications and how it can enhance older people's overall quality of life. It offers practical advice on how to lessen the effects of dementia, one of the most important health issues of our time.
Anterpartum Eclampsia and Partial HELLP Syndrome in Multigravida at 38 Weeks of Pregnancy: Case Report: Eklampsia Antepartum dan Partial HELLP Syndrome pada Multigravida Usia Kehamilan 38 Minggu: Laporan Kasus Catherine, Agatha; Zulfadli, Zulfadli
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1196

Abstract

Eclampsia defined as the occurrence of seizures in women whom meet the criteria for preeclampsia. The effects of preeclampsia that progress to eclampsia will cause neurological symptoms, including seizures, cerebral circulation dysregulation and neuropathology. Signs and symptoms of eclampsia include seizures, severe agitation and altered of consciousness. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are the causes of the high level of maternal mortality in the world. A 38 years old woman came to emergency room at RSUD Dr H Abdul Moeloek because of convulsion 1 hour ago which lasted about 5 minutes. Patients complain of blurred vision, nausea and vomiting. Patient founded hypertension was 174/110 mmHg and pretibial edema. Obstetric examination shows the pelvic inlet has not yet entered, his cannot be palpable, vaginal toucher found a soft portion without opening, amniotic and presentation cannot be assessed. Laboratory examination shows Hb 11.6 gr/dl, leukocytosis 19,700/µL, increased liver function SGOT 40 U/L, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 655 U/L and proteinuria 500 mg/dL. Management in the ER consists of observation, administration of conservative and abortive therapy to stop seizures. MgSO4 injection was given at slow bolus dose of 4 grams followed by 500 ml RL infusion mixed with 6 grams of MgSO4 used up for 6 hours. Corticosteroid administration in this case was represented by an injection of Dexamethasone 10 grams every 12 hours. Nifedipine was given at 3x10 mg and Methyldopa at 3x500 mg. Keywords : Eclampsia, Partial HELLP Syndrome, Conservative Management, Antihypertensive Agent.
Wanita Usia 32 Tahun, Hamil 34 Minggu dengan Plasenta Previa Totalis dan Janin Letak Lintang Ilham, Arifin; Zulfadli, Zulfadli
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1201

Abstract

Complaints of vaginal bleeding since 5 hours before admission to hospital. In this case, a physical examination and supporting examination in the form of ultrasonography were carried out so that it could be concluded that the cause of vaginal bleeding was placenta previa totalis with a single live fetus in the latitude. Placenta previa is a placenta that implants in the lower segment of the uterus so that it covers all or part of the internal uterine ostium. The frequency of antepartum bleeding is around 3% to 4% of all deliveries. The incidence of placenta previa varies between 0.3-0.5% of all births. Placenta previa is the most common cause of all cases of antepartum hemorrhage. This study is a case report of a pregnant woman, 32 years old, G2P1A0 34 weeks, who came with complaints of vaginal bleeding without pain and abnormalities in the position of the fetus. During the obstetric physical examination, it was found that the results of the inspection showed vaginal bleeding, the results of the palpation showed that the fetus was in a horizontal position, the results of the inspection showed that there was flux coming out of the external uterine ostium. Supporting examinations revealed an Hb level of 8.2 g/dl. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with placenta previa totalis and the fetus was transversely located. The management of this patient was expected to be discharged in good condition and scheduled for a cesarean section cesarean.
Fotokimia dan Farmakologi Daun Alpukat (Persea americana mill.) pada Aktivitas Antihipertensi Husnandari, Aqila; Carolia, Novita; Putri, Giska Tri; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1246

Abstract

Hypertension is the number one generative disease in the world that has blood pressure of more than 140/90 mmHg. Hypertension without therapy will become chronic and complicated. Therapy carried out for a long period of time causes a fairly high risk factor so that herbal therapy becomes an alternative. This literature review aims to determine the photochemistry and pharmacology of avocado leaves (Persea americana mill.) On antihypertensive activity. Photochemistry contained in avocado leaves can lower blood pressure in the form of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The method used is to review journal articles that have been published in Google Scholar and Pubmed. Using keywords such as "photochemistry, pharmacology, avocado leaves, and antihypertensive activity" 231 scientific articles and journals were obtained. This review article uses 10 selected scientific articles and journals. Experimental studies show that there are pharmacological functions that fight hypertension, which means that they can lower blood pressure.
Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Metabolit Sekunder dalam Biolarvasida Annasya, Benazhir Saninah; Mutiara, Hanna; Marcellia, Selvi
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1252

Abstract

Larvicide is a compound that can be toxic, inhibit growth and development, affect behavior, affect hormones, inhibit feeding, and act as a larval killer. Larvicide is divided into two types, namely chemical larvicide and biolarvicide. Chemical larvicide is the larvicide most widely used by the community because it has a large substance strength. However, the use of chemical larvicide can cause damage, especially insects become resistant to drugs, in addition to causing environmental pollution because synthetic larvicide is difficult to decompose and causes poisoning in humans. The use of chemical larvicide can cause damage, especially insects become resistant to drugs, in addition to causing environmental pollution because synthetic larvicide is difficult to decompose and causes poisoning in humans. Therefore, a substitute for chemical larvicide in the form of biolarvicide is needed. Biolarvicide can act as a larval killer, attractant, antifertility agent (sterilization tool), biocide, and other forms that minimally cause drug resistance in insects. Biolarvicide comes from plant materials containing active compounds of secondary metabolites such as essential oils, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics that can kill mosquito larvae and are obtained by extraction. This article provides a broader explanation of the content of secondary metabolite compounds in biolarvicide so that it can be more effectively used as a larvicide from natural materials. The contents of the article were obtained through searches of several national and international journals through the search keywords: Biolarvicide, secondary metabolites, and active compounds.

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