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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 97726154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 972 Documents
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The Hubungan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan (PJB) Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita: Literature Review: Hubungan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan (PJB) Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita: Literature Review Pertiwi, Nabila Rahma; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1348

Abstract

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a heart condition present at birth, with a global incidence of 9.4 cases per 1,000 live births, and in Indonesia, around 8 cases per 1,000 births. Children with CHD, especially those experiencing malnutrition, are at high risk of growth disorders due to energy imbalance and nutrient deficiencies. Studies on infants with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD show a significant relationship between the type of CHD and the child’s nutritional status. Cyanotic CHD has a greater impact on growth disorders compared to acyanotic CHD, with infants with cyanotic CHD having lower weight and height. The research also indicates that infants with cyanotic CHD have a higher risk of malnutrition due to difficulty meeting their energy needs through food intake. Malnutrition in infants with CHD can be caused by insufficient food intake, inefficient nutrient absorption, and increased energy demands due to the heart working harder. Hypoxemia in cyanotic CHD leads to decreased appetite, increased workload on the heart and lungs, and inefficient thermoregulation, ultimately increasing calorie needs. Additionally, hypoxemia causes changes in body tissue, such as a reduction in fat cells, leading to chronic malnutrition. Increased blood viscosity due to erythrocytosis impedes blood flow and oxygen distribution, worsening the energy imbalance that significantly affects the growth of infants.
Relationship between Student Engagement in Learning and Grade Point Average of Students Kristiani, Rini; Oktafany; Setiawan, Gigih; Lisiswanti, Rika
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1353

Abstract

Student engagement in learning is a form of student participation in the learning process. There are three dimensions in student involvement, namely behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. This study aims to find the relationship between student engagement in learning and its dimensions on GPA in students of the Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Lampung University (PSPD FK Unila). This research design is descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted on students of class 2022 PSPD FK Unila with the sampling technique is total sampling. The data collection process used the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) questionnaire along with demographic data for GPA. The research was conducted in October-November 2024. The analysis was conducted using the spearman test. The results showed that the level of student engagement The highest was in the medium + low category totaling 168 students (80.8%), the most dominant dimension in engagement was behavioral engagement, then cognitive, and the lowest was emotional. Most students' GPA is in the very satisfactory category (64.5%), followed by praise (20.2%), and the last is satisfactory (15.3%). There was a significant relationship between student engagement in learning and GPA (p value = 0.027, r = 0.155). Further analysis found that there was a relationship between behavioral engagement on GPA (p value = 0.014, r = 0.173) and cognitive engagement on GPA (p value = 0.021, r = 0.162), while emotional engagement showed no significant relationship on GPA (p value = 0.558). There is a significant relationship between student engagement in learning and GPA in FK Unila PSPD students. The dimensions that are significantly related to GPA are the dimensions of behavioral and cognitive engagement, while the emotional dimension does not show a significant relationship to student GPA.
Peran Anemia Sebagai Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Resisten pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Nasution, Salwa Salsabila; Kurniati, Intanri; Ratna, Maya Ganda; Ramadhian, M. Ricky
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1354

Abstract

Anemia is one of the most common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that significantly affects quality of life and prognosis. Anemia is a condition where there is a decrease in iron-rich hemoglobin levels, which functions to circulate oxygen throughout the body. Chronic kidney disease is a kidney condition characterized by abnormalities in kidney structure or function. Men have a 2 times higher risk of developing CKD than women due to their generally poorer lifestyle habits. The condition of insufficient oxygen perfusion to tissues leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS system ultimately produces aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones that cause sodium retention in the body and lead to increased blood pressure. Additionally, anemia can cause changes in blood vessels, where there is an increase in vascular resistance, especially in CKD patients. Studies have also shown that erythropoietin therapy can increase the prevalence of hypertension. Resistant hypertension is a condition where someone suffering from hypertension fails to achieve target blood pressure of <140/80 mmHg in normal individuals and <130/80 mmHg in CKD patients despite adhering to a combination dose of three types of antihypertensive medications. Someone suffering from resistant hypertension must comply with the drug dosage prescribed by the doctor and also improve their lifestyle. This article aims to understand how anemia serves as a risk factor for resistant hypertension in CKD patients. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment of resistant hypertension are also discussed in this article.
Demensia Alzheimer pada Lansia Nadhifa, Farin; Ramadhian, Muhammad Ricky; Nareswari, Shinta
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1355

Abstract

Alzheimer’s dementia in the elderly is a health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and their families. This study aims to explore the risk factors, prevention, and management of Alzheimer's Dementia in the elderly, focusing on the use of information technology for early detection, and the impact of physical activity as a preventive strategy. This research utilizes a literature review method by analyzing previous studies related to Alzheimer's dementia in the elderly. The analysis includes risk factors for dementia, prevention through physical activity, and the role of information technology in early detection and disease management. The results of the literature review indicate that the risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia in the elderly include age, genetics, and lifestyle. The study also shows that physical activity has a positive effect in reducing the risk of dementia. Moreover, information technology has significant potential in aiding early detection and disease management, allowing for more timely and effective intervention. Alzheimer’s dementia in the elderly requires a comprehensive approach involving early detection, prevention, and disease management. Physical activity and the use of information technology play vital roles in preventive and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's dementia.
Challenges and Strategies in Dealing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review Nisa, Lutfi Khoirun; Perdani, Roro Rukmi Windi; Graharti, Risti; Wardhani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis; Fiana, Dewi Nur; Rahmayani, Fidha
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1356

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children permanently. The exact cause of GSA is not yet known and affects more men than women with a ratio of 4:1. This autism disorder in children appears from birth or a few months after birth, but is often diagnosed when the child is less than 3 years old. Confirmation of GSA diagnosis can use two screening tools, namely DSM-5 and M-CHAT. The management that can be given to children with GSA can be pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, 1 in 100 children in the world is diagnosed with autism. Children with GSA have many disorders that can affect their daily activities, both verbally and non-verbally. The main symptoms that are often encountered in children with GSA are difficulties in social interaction, problems in communication, including difficulty learning language or abnormalities in speech, and a tendency to be obsessive about maintaining a consistent daily routine and environment. The prognosis of GSA depends on the severity of each individual and the accompanying disease. This of course makes parents who have children with GSA will be faced with specific challenges in raising their children because children with GSA have different characteristics. Effective strategies that can be carried out to improve disorders in GSA children include the use of visual aids, the creation of a structured daily schedule, good interpersonal communication, the application of the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) method, integrated sensory therapy, occupational therapy, and play therapy. In addition, to overcome the stress experienced by parents of children with GSA, especially in mothers, it can be done by providing parenting education through psychoeducation.
Peran Shunt Ventrikuloperitoneal dalam Strategi Pengobatan Hidrosefalus Pada Anak : Literature Review Sari, Indah Purnama; Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani; Diana Mayasari; Intanri Kurniati; Fidha Ramayani; Rizki Hanriko; Dewi Nur Fiana
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1357

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricles, presents a significant challenge in pediatric care. The increased intracranial pressure resulting from this CSF buildup can lead to severe neurological damage if left untreated. Ventricular peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) surgery remains a primary surgical intervention aimed at diverting excess CSF, thereby reducing intracranial pressure and mitigating the risk of irreversible neurological damage. This literature review provides a comprehensive review of the role of VP shunts in the management of pediatric hydrocephalus, encompassing a detailed examination of indications and contraindications for shunt placement, various surgical techniques employed, and the effective management of common post-operative complications such as infection, shunt malfunction (obstruction or overdrainage), and hemorrhage. We meticulously analyze current literature data to assess the effectiveness of VP shunts in improving neurological outcomes, fostering cognitive development, and enhancing the overall quality of life for children affected by hydrocephalus. The analysis will incorporate a review of long-term followup studies to evaluate the durability and efficacy of different shunt types and materials. Case studies and clinical experiences are integrated to provide a nuanced understanding of current clinical practices and to highlight the complexities often encountered in managing this condition. Furthermore, this literature review delves into recent advancements in shunt technology, including the development of programmable valves and less invasive surgical approaches. It also addresses the persistent challenges in optimizing hydrocephalus care, emphasizing the crucial need for a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, pediatric neurologists, developmental pediatricians, and other healthcare professionals to ensure holistic and individualized patient care. The ultimate goal is to provide practical, evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals in the effective and safe management of pediatric hydrocephalus using VP shunts, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Transient Ischemic Attack : Tantangan dalam Mendiagnosis Akuba, Nanda Nurrohim; Susianti; Daulay, Suryani Agustina; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1360

Abstract

Stroke is a condition characterized by the rapid development of clinical signs of focal and global neurological deficits, which can worsen and persist for 24 hours or more, potentially leading to death, with no clear cause other than vascular. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary neurological dysfunction caused by a blockade or reduction in blood perfusion to brain tissue, lasting from a few seconds to minutes, and in some cases, up to 24 hours. Diagnosing TIA is challenging because patients typically present after the TIA has resolved, making it crucial to diagnose TIA clinically before confirming the diagnosis with additional examinations such as CT-Scan or MRI. There are meta-analysis studies that describe the role of certain biomarkers in supporting the diagnosis of TIA. Due to the closely related pathomechanisms between TIA and ischemic stroke, almost all the same biomarkers can be used to diagnose both conditions. There are scoring systems used to identify the risk of stroke in patients with TIA, with the ABCD² score being the most commonly used. Rapid assessment and the implementation of adequate therapy reduce the risk of TIA progressing to ischemic stroke.
Paparan CO pada Lingkungan Kerja dan Dampak terhadap Kesehatan Izzati, Marwah Aulia; Soeprihatini, Retno Ariza; Komala, Ramadhana
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1364

Abstract

Air pollution is waste produced from human activities in meeting their needs can become air pollution that has an impact on disorders and diseases due to air pollution, especially in the respiratory tract due to long-term exposure. Carbon monoxide is one of the toxic substances resulting from the process of imperfect combustion and driving fumes. Exposure to carbon monoxide in the respiratory system results in the formation of a bond of carbon monoxide (CO) with hemoglobin to become COHb. Carbon monoxide (CO) and O2 compete to occupy the same binding site in Hb, but the affinity of Hb for CO is 240 times greater than for O2. Other factors that cause the formation of COHb in the blood besides exposure to CO pollution such as smoking habits. chemicals contained in each cigarette, some of which are toxic, including CO gas. A person who smokes one pack of cigarettes/day can have a COHb level of 3% to 6% in the blood, with two packs/day the level can be 6% to 10% and as much as 20% with three packs/day. The easiest effort to avoid risk is the use of proper personal protective equipment. In this case, the use of masks can be useful because the exposure process is through inhalation. This study is a literature review that collects and evaluates research using Google Scholar with the keywords "Carbon Monoxide, COHb, Carbon Monoxide, workers, pollution". The results of the article review obtained several data on CO levels in the bodies of workers caused by exposure to CO gas that occurs due to their work environment. This concludes that exposure to CO gas can increase CO levels in the human body which has an effect on a person's health, especially in their breathing.
Transmisi dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada Gastritis: Literature Review: Transmisi dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada Gastritis: Literature Review Dharmesti, Rizky Aleyda; Utama, Winda Trijayanthi; Wijaya, Sofyan Musyabiq; Sukohar, Asep
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1368

Abstract

Gastritis a common health issue with high prevalence both globally and nationally. Acute gastritis often associated with lifestyle factors and stress, while chronic gastritis is primarly caused by infection of Helicobacter pylori. This review aims to provide a detail understanding of Helicobacter pylori transmission and risk factor for its infection. This review is a narrative literature review that comparing multiple studies about the topic. Literature was gathered from various database and analyzed to find relevant findings. Result of this study indicate that Helicobacter pylori transmission occurs trough multiple routes such as fecal-oral and oral-oral. Hygiene status and sociodemographic conditions are the most significant risk factor that influence this infection. Chronic gastritis a prevalent condition often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Risk factors for this infection include low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, inadequate sanitation, and exposure to contaminated environments. H. pylori bacteria can persist for extended periods in specific environments, such as water, food, and dairy products, but struggle to survive in acidic conditions, such as found in yogurt. The prevalence of infection notably higher among children living in areas with poor sanitation and unhygienic food practices. Prevention strategies involve enhancing hygiene standards, improving sanitation, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting health education to minimize the risk of transmission. Early treatment is crucial to restore the gastric mucosa's health and prevent further damage.
Penatalaksanaan Sindrom Terowongan Karpal: Tinjauan Literatur Sihaloho, Yohanna Christiani; Ismunandar, Helmi; Maulana, Muhammad
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1373

Abstract

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve, resulting in increased carpal tunnel pressure on the wrist. Dominant paresthesia at night, pain that is worse at night, and weakness in the hands (for example, holding objects, making fists, and impaired fine motor skills in the hands) are symptoms that can occur in CTS sufferers. The incidence of CTS is estimated at 2.7-5.8% in the world, 7-16% in the UK, and 2.6 million adults (1.55%) experience CTS in the United States. The incidence of CTS is not yet known with certainty in Indonesia, but research in Denpasar reported that there was an incidence of CTS in workers of 79.2% (Paramita et al., 2021). CTS risk factors are divided into internal and external factors. Internal factors, including age, gender, nutritional status, pregnancy, menopause, other medical conditions (fracture or dislocation, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis). External factors, including repetitive wrist and hand movements, stiff and inappropriate work postures, long work duration. Physical and supporting examinations need to be carried out to help diagnose CTS. Examinations that can be carried out include provocation examinations, electrodiagnostic examinations and ultrasound examinations. Patients who have been diagnosed with CTS can be treated immediately to prevent further severity, including conservative therapy, pharmacological therapy, surgical therapy, or occupational therapy.

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