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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 97726154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 972 Documents
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Hubungan Daerah Tempat Tinggal dengan Kejadian Dermatitis Atopik Izdihar, Adinda Fairuz; Sibero, Hendra Tarigan; Graharti, Risti; Carolia, Novita
Medula Vol 14 No 8 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i8.1311

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a frequently occurring skin inflammation characterized by pruritus and lesions in specific areas such as the face and extremities. The majority of cases manifest during the first year of life, with a high prevalence among children under five years of age. In Europe, 118 million cases were recorded in 2023, whereas in Indonesia, the prevalence reached 10-20% among children and 1-3% among adults. This condition involves an interplay of exogenous and endogenous factors, including environmental exposure, genetic predisposition, immunological mechanisms, and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Environmental factors contributing to the incidence of atopic dermatitis include exposure to pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, and volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde). Such exposure is a significant risk factor for atopic dermatitis in urban areas. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between residential areas and the incidence of atopic dermatitis at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek during the period of January 2022 to July 2024. Data were collected from medical records, encompassing a total sample size of 82 patients. The chi-square test revealed a statistically significant relationship between residential area and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, with individuals residing in urban areas being 0.23 times more likely to develop atopic dermatitis compared to those living in non-urban areas (p=0.02; OR=0.23)
Hubungan Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit (RNL) Dengan Lama Rawat Inap Pada Pasien Pneumonia Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung Julianti, Dinul Aliya; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu; Pardilawati, Citra Yuliyanda; Tjiptaningrum, Agustyas
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1316

Abstract

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung tissue due to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Increased RNL values in pneumonia patients are biomarkers to systemic inflammatory responses that are easily quantified, inexpensive, and easily interpretable in the prognosis of pneumonia patients associated with length of stay. However, there is still not much relevant amount of research, and its application in daily practice is still minimal. This study aimed to identify the relationship of NLR with the length of hospitalization in pneumonia patients. This study used a cross sectional design. The data collection technique is a total sampling with a sample size of 39 patients. The research location is at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital, Lampung Province and will take place in July-December 2022. The independent variable is RNL, while the dependent variable is the length of stay. Data obtained from the results of laboratory supporting examinations in the medical records of pneumonia patients. The collected data were then analyzed using the Chi-square test with a CI of 95%. The results showed that the majority of patients came from the age group of 51-60 years (51.3%) and were male (61%). The average pneumonia patient had a high ANC value (9,260) and a normal ALC (1,244) so that a high NLR average (10,067) was obtained with an average long stay (6 days). There is a relationship between NLR and length of stay in pneumonia patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital, Lampung Province (p<0.05).
Literature Review: Antioxidant Activity of Water Apple Leaves (Syzygium aqueum) Justisia, Adilla; Susianti; Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa; Busman, Hendri
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1321

Abstract

Antioxidant is a complex inhibit, prevent or dampen the reactions of free radicals and oxidants, as well as to prevent tissue damage. Antioxidant works by donating one of its electron to oxidant compounds thereby inhibiting the activity of these oxidant compounds. An imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals, where free radicals are more prevalent, can damage molecular organisms and cause oxidative stress that triggers damage to body cells. Oxidative damage to DNA triggers mutations that initiates cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorder, autoimmune diseases, aging processes and several hereditary diseases. Currently, the use of natural antioxidants as traditional treatments is widely consumed by the community. Natural antioxidants are found in several plant sources, it is known to be more affordable and have lower side effects, making it as popular treatment choice in the community. One of the plants with a high antioxidant content is the water apple leaf (Syzygium aqueum) which rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a common method to measure antioxidant activity, it works with the principle of hydrogen capture from antioxidants by free radicals. The parameter IC50 is used to represents the sample concentration required to capture 50% of DPPH radicals. Several studies using the DPPH method have shown that water apple leaves have strong antioxidant activity, indicated by its low IC50 value. The lower the IC50 value, the stronger the antioxidant activity.
Faktor Risiko Nyeri Leher Non Spesifik Pamarta, Rachel Dwyana; Setiorini, Anggi; Maulana, Muhammad; Utama, Winda Trijayanthi
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1323

Abstract

Non-specific neck pain is a form of acute, subacute, or chronic neck pain, and there is no abnormal anatomical structure as the cause of the pain. Bad posture habits are a contributing factor to non-specific neck pain. This bad posture will cause muscle tension in the neck which can increase intramuscular pressure which can reduce circulation in the joints, as well as compression of the nervous system and blood vessels around it. This ends in the emergence of pain complaints. The cause of non-specific neck pain is multifactorial consisting of several risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for non-specific neck pain. The method used is article review. Searching for articles both nationally and internationally then summarizing the discussion topics and comparing the results presented in the article. Based on the review that has been done. Non-specific neck pain has a multifactorial cause consisting of several risk factors. Individual factors of non-specific neck pain include gender, age, BMI, and medical history. Work factors include duration of work, length of service, and work posture. Psychological factors include stress, depression, and lack of sleep. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are also risk factors for non-specific neck pain.
Resistensi Antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Literature Review Syarif, Muhammad Reza; Kurniawaty, Evi; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 8 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i8.1324

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative aerobic bacterium. This bacterium often causes infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. This bacterium usually causes opportunistic infections and plays an important role in nosocomial infections. Treatment and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are very difficult because the mutation of this bacterium occurs rapidly and this bacterium is easily adaptable, causing high rates of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria included in the MDR ESKAPE pathogen group by WHO. This article is a literature review that examines several literatures to be made into a discussion and conclusion. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to various types of antibiotics through 3 mechanisms, namely intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive. This bacterium has minimal nutritional needs and can tolerate various temperatures, this is one of the strengthening factors for antibiotic resistance to this bacterium. WHO includes this bacterium in the critical list because of its resistance to carbapenem antibiotics. Research shows high resistance of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems, quinolones, and aztreonam. While piperacillin and tazobactam are the most effective antibiotics for this bacteria. Many classes of antibiotics have become resistant to this bacteria, so that renewal is needed in the line of treatment for infections by P. aeruginosa. Therefore, wise and rational use of antibiotics is needed so that the number of antibiotic resistance, especially to this bacteria, does not increase.
Dermatitis Seboroik: Etiologi & Faktor Risiko, Patofisiologi, Diagnosis, dan Tatalaksana Sudarmanto, Syifa Hasna; Sibero, Hendra Tarigan; Ratna, Maya Ganda; Darwis, Iswandi
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1327

Abstract

Seborrheic dermatitis is a type of chronic skin inflammation caused by the fungus Malassezia sp. which is often found among patients. The prevalence reaches 4.38% on a global scale and 2% - 30% in Asia. Often found in infantile (self-limited) and adult (chronic) patients. This disease is considered to reduce the patient's quality of life. The high number of cases and the rate of decline in patient quality of life due to seborrheic dermatitis became the basis for conducting this research. Research was conducted to collect and analyze articles that raise topics related to clinical aspects of seborrheic dermatitis. The research design used was a literature review. Article collection was carried out using relevant article search applications such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Prospero. The articles used have a range of publication criteria in 2013-2024. Based on the articles collected, results were obtained in the form of risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of seborrheic dermatitis. Risk factors that are considered to trigger seborrheic dermatitis include high sebaceous gland activity, low body immunity, physical environmental factors in the form of humidity and temperature, and a history of poor personal hygiene. The appearance of the disease is in the form of reddish lesions covering fine colored scales, sometimes accompanied by oil or white powder. The severity of the disease is determined through the SDASI score or Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Area Severity Index. Healing therapy aims to reduce symptoms and improve skin function. The type of therapy given is based on the lesion severity index and the patient's response to therapy.
Faktor Risiko Personal dan Lingkungan dalam Kejadian Demam Tifoid Kurniawan, Diva Ardhana; Apriliana, Ety; Sutarto, Sutarto; Himayani, Rani
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1328

Abstract

Typhoid fever is one of the infectious diseases that has a fairly high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in developing countries, especially in Indonesia. Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. This disease can be transmitted through consuming water or food contaminated with urine and feces from typhoid fever sufferers, for example, water that will be used for drinking, cooking, or washing food ingredients. There are more serious clinical symptoms, such as high fever or hyperthermia, remittent fever, and decreased level of consciousness that can lead to coma or delirium. Further complications such as dehydration and acidosis can also occur, which have negative impacts in cases of typhoid fever. The purpose of this review article is to determine what personal and environmental risk factors are present in the occurrence of typhoid fever. The method used in this study is a review article with specific research of various articles found, then combined and a summary conclusion is drawn. The journals used have been published for the past 5 years (2019-2024). The results and conclusions show that several personal and environmental risk factors in the occurrence of typhoid fever include age, gender, personal hygiene, and clean water sources.
Dysmenorrhea Primer: Tinjauan Pustaka Ananda Felicia Aziza; Dian Isti Angraini; Ramadhana Komala; Rika Lisiswanti
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1330

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint among adolescent girls and young women, characterized by disruptive menstrual pain. This condition can affect health, social relationships, as well as school and work activities. The WHO in 2017 stated that 90% of women of reproductive age worldwide experience dysmenorrhea, while in the Southeast Asia region, the prevalence reaches 50.9% in Malaysia and 64.25% in Indonesia. Dysmenorrhea can be classified into primary dysmenorrhea, which occurs without any underlying pelvic pathology, and secondary dysmenorrhea, which occurs due to pelvic pathology such as endometriosis. The severity of primary dysmenorrhea can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe using the WaLIDD Score, a tool that helps measure the intensity and impact of pain. Management of dysmenorrhea can include NSAID medications, hormonal therapy, and alternative therapies such as exercise, although their effectiveness has not been consistently proven. Most teenage girls often consider dysmenorrhea to be a normal part of a menstrual cycle. However, dysmenorrhea that does not receive proper treatment will later impact cases of endometriosis in the future. With a better understanding of the causes and management of dysmenorrhea, it is hoped that patient awareness can be increased and they can be encouraged to seek appropriate medical treatment.
Article Review: Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients with History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Wahdah, Annisa Shohifatul; Windarti, Indri; Setyaningrum, Endah; Sukohar, Asep
Medula Vol 14 No 9 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i9.1344

Abstract

Kanker paru merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di dunia, dengan angka kejadian yang sangat tinggi. Di Indonesia, kanker paru menduduki peringkat kedua setelah kanker payudara dengan jumlah kasus mencapai 38.904 pada tahun 2022. Penyakit ini lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan. Berbagai faktor risiko berkontribusi terhadap kejadian kanker paru, termasuk kebiasaan merokok, paparan polusi udara, paparan radon, faktor genetik, serta riwayat penyakit paru seperti tuberculosis (TB) paru dan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK). Tuberculosis paru adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, dengan lebih dari satu juta kasus pada tahun 2023. Infeksi TB dapat menyebabkan inflamasi kronik yang mengarah pada fibrosis jaringan paru, yang dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker paru. Inflamasi kronik ini juga memicu peningkatan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) dan sitokin proinflamasi, yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA serta memicu mutasi genetik yang berkontribusi terhadap karsinogenesis. PPOK, di sisi lain, merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang umumnya dikaitkan dengan paparan asap rokok dalam jangka panjang. PPOK ditandai dengan inflamasi kronik pada saluran napas yang menyebabkan penyempitan dan kerusakan alveoli secara ireversibel. Proses inflamasi ini melibatkan pelepasan berbagai mediator inflamasi seperti TNF-α, IL-6, dan IL-8, yang dapat memicu stress oksidatif dan mempercepat proses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suatu mekanisme penting dalam perkembangan kanker paru. Hubungan erat antara TB paru, PPOK, dan kanker paru menunjukkan bahwa kedua penyakit paru ini bukan hanya sekadar faktor risiko, tetapi juga berkontribusi secara langsung dalam proses karsinogenesis melalui mekanisme inflamasi, fibrosis, dan mutasi genetik. Oleh karena itu, deteksi dini dan penanganan yang tepat terhadap TB paru dan PPOK dapat menjadi strategi penting dalam pencegahan kanker paru.
Pendekatan Diagnostik Berbasis Manifestasi, Pemeriksaan Klinis dan Tatalaksana Pada Tuberkulosis Paru Juliana, Risna; Soleha, Tri Umiana; Yunianto, Andi Eka; Ismunandar, Helmi Ismunandar
Medula Vol 14 No 9 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i9.1347

Abstract

TB is a disease caused by MTB bacteria where this bacteria is able to attack the lung organs or extrapulmonary organs. The etiology of TB is caused through spit or phlegm from patients whose phlegm contains MTB bacteria. MTB bacteria have a rod shape and are acid-resistant, so they are known as acid-resistant bacteria (AFB). These bacteria do not have spores, so they will easily die if exposed to sunlight. However, this type of bacteria will be difficult to dye because it is acid-resistant, so a special staining method is needed, namely Ziehl Neelsen  staining. When a person coughs, water splashes will spread into the air and will then be inhaled by a healthy person, so the bacteria will enter the lungs and carry out the infection process. Usually, TB disease attacks at a productive age because at that age many people interact socially, making it easier for infectious infections to occur. . In general, the main symptoms are coughing up phlegm, which in some cases can mix with blood, chest pain, and shortness of breath . Confirmation of TB diagnosis can be done by conducting an anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examination. TB treatment takes 6-12 months for patients who do not experience drug resistance. TB treatment consists of two stages, namely the initial stage and the advanced stage. The initial stage will last for two months, with the type of drug given is a combination of 2 HRZEs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pirazinamid, and Etambutol). The advanced stage of treatment lasted for 4 months, with the drug given in the form of a combination of 4HR (isoniazid and rifampicin).

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