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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)" : 10 Documents clear
Genetic Diversity of Rhizophora mucronata in Rote Island, Indonesia Based on RAPD Molecular Marker Ihwan, Ihwan; Uslan, Uslan
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.02

Abstract

The coastal region of Rote Island is predominantly inhabited by Rhizophora mucronata. However, there is a lack of information about the genetic diversity of this mangrove species. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of Rhizophora mucronata on Rote Island, Indonesia, using RAPD molecular markers. We collected 21 R. mucronata samples from seven coastal sites on Rote Island, and subsequent data analysis occurred at the Genetic and Molecular Laboratory of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Clustering analysis was carried out using PAST software (version 3.15). The findings indicated that 10 out of the 15 tested primers (OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 4, OPA 5, OPA 6, OPA 7, OPA 8, OPA 10, OPA 19A, and OPA 20) yielded successful outcomes, resulting in the production of polymorphic bands. This finding indicates an elevated degree of genetic diversity among the samples under consideration. The genetic diversity values (He) for the R. mucronata population on Rote Island were found to be 0.244 (moderate category), with the highest genetic diversity value (He) of 0.465 recorded at Oelaba, while the population demonstrating the lowest genetic diversity was 0.100 at Pantai Baru. Notably, the population grouping of R. mucronata on Rote Island did not correlate with geographical positioning.
Microbial Contaminants Evaluation of White Pomegranate Peel, Seeds, and Beetroot as Validation of Herbal Raw Material Quality Faisal, Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rofiidah, Anisatul; Nirwana, Linggar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.10

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris) are recognized for their numerous health benefits, attributed to their bioactive. However, the use of natural ingredients as traditional medicine requires attention to microbiological safety, given the potential for contamination by pathogenic microbes. This study aims to analyze microbial contamination on the skin and seeds of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Samples were tested at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Islamic University of Malang using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method to count total microorganisms and qualitative tests to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus.  The results showed that the total microbes and mold/yeast for all samples were within the safe limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). The highest TPC was found in white pomegranate peel extract (2,1x10? CFU/g), while the highest Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) was found in white pomegranate seed extract (8,2x10? CFU/g). Although Salmonella sp. was not detected in all samples, Staphylococcus aureus was identified positively in white pomegranate seed extract. These findings underscore that, although the total microbial count is low, contamination by specific pathogens can occur, most likely during post-harvest handling. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus highlights the importance of implementing strict sanitation controls and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the processing of herbal raw materials to ensure product safety.
The Effect of IBA and NAA on Root Induction of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Ramadhani, Dwi Nova; Hidayati, Irul; Faizah, Hanik
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.06

Abstract

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) is a plant that has a lot of potential for use in several sectors, so that large-scale and short-time propagation efforts are needed. Tissue culture is an appropriate technique for cultivating Tithonia diversifolia plants. The success of root induction in tissue culture is largely determined by the auxin growth regulator. This study aimed to determine the effect of IBA and NAA on root induction of T. diversifolia plants. The method was an experimental study with a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Tithonia diversifolia plant node explants were planted into Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with growth regulators IBA (1 and 2 mg/L), NAA (1 and 2 mg/L), and a combination of IBA and NAA (1 mg/L + 1 mg/L; 1 mg/L + 2 mg/L; 2 mg/L + 1 mg/L; and 2 mg/L + 2 mg/L) and control group, consisting of explants cultured on a hormone-free medium which were then incubated for 4 weeks. The observation data were analysed statistically using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that all parameters significantly affected auxins IBA and NAA in the root induction of T. diversifolia plants. The NAA 2 ppm treatment was the most effective in terms of root emergence time (3.67 DAP). Additionally, the combination of IBA and NAA was the optimal treatment in terms of root growth percentage (1.00%). The IBA 2 ppm + NAA 2 ppm treatment yielded the best results in terms of root number (10.17 strands). The NAA 1 ppm treatment yielded the best results in terms of root length (11.3 cm), root fresh weight (0.0967 g), and root dry weight (0.0144 g).
Do Biodegradable Microplastics Threaten Chlorella spp.? First Study in Indonesia Using Leachate Exposure Azizah, Nur Aini; Hindarti, Dwi; Herawati, Endang Yuli; Nainggolan, Dicky Willy; Sartimbul, Aida
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.08

Abstract

Biodegradable plastics are increasingly being promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastics. However, under aquatic conditions, their degradation may remain incomplete, leading to the formation of microplastics and leachates containing potentially toxic compounds. These leachates can threaten aquatic organisms, particularly microalgae, which act as primary producers and form the base of marine food web. Despite these concerns, limited research has examined the sublethal toxicity of biodegradable microplastic leachates on microalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of leachates derived from biodegradable polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics on the growth of the green microalgae Chlorella spp. A 96-hour static toxicity test was conducted under laboratory conditions using a completely randomized design with five concentration levels (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L). The algae were cultured in EDTA-free Walne medium with an initial cell density of 104 cells/mL. Cell density was measured at the end of exposure to determine growth inhibition and calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). The results showed a clear concentration-dependent response, with PP leachate exhibiting significantly higher toxicity (IC50 = 0.48 mg/L) compared to HDPE leachate (IC50 = 682.49 mg/L). These findings suggest that the chemical composition and leachability of additives differ among plastic types, influencing their environmental impact. This study highlights the potential ecological risks of biodegradable plastics and emphasizes the need for stricter regulation of additives and comprehensive ecotoxicological assessments.
In Silico Analysis of Untranslated Region 5’ and 3’ of Dengue Virus for mRNA Vaccine Development Safrullah, Muhamad Iqbal; Dewi, Beti Ernawati; Sjatha, Fithriyah
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.05

Abstract

Dengue fever is mosquito-borne viral infection that occur widely in tropical and sub-tropical area. With limited vaccine against dengue virus (DENV) available, the development of DENV mRNA vaccine is promising future  for disease control. This study provides an in-depth in silico analysis of the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the DENV genome. These regions play critical roles in viral protein translation and replication, and may serve as valuable targets for optimizing mRNA vaccine design. In this study, we comparing the nucleotide composition, secondary structure stability, and structural features of DENV UTRs across all four serotypes representative with those of Pfizer’s UTRs, aiming to identify key differences that could be utilise in the development of DENV mRNA vaccine design. From computational secondary structure, we can see some essential structure in DENV UTR, like S1 for ribosomal recognition, CS for genome cyclization. Methods involved computational analysis of nucleotide content (GC and AT percentages), secondary structure prediction, and thermodynamic stability assessment using Gibbs free energy (?G) calculations. The results revealed that DENV UTRs are highly conserved and structurally complex with higher GC content in the 5’ UTRs contributing to increased stability and potential impact on translation efficiency. DENV UTRs also exhibited more negative ?G values, indicating greater thermodynamic stability compared to Pfizer UTRs. The study concludes that understanding these structural and compositional differences can guide the rational design of mRNA vaccines, enhancing antigen expression. Future research should focus on functional validation of engineered UTRs to improve vaccine efficacy and safety, leveraging the insights gained from these structural analysis.
The Effect of Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi) on the Histology of Testes in Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Savira Ayunda Rakhmanira; Huda, Zainul; Rohmah, Meisya Putri Maulida; Sri Rahayu; Aris Soewondo; Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.09

Abstract

This study analysed the effect of starfruit leaf extract (SL) on the testicular histology of mice exposed to MSG. This study used 25 male mice with a body weight of 25-30 grams and an age of 3-4 weeks. Mice were grouped into five groups: K(-) (healthy male mice), K(+) (male mice induced with MSG 4 mg/gBW), P1, P2, and P3 (male mice induced with MSG and SL extract (A. bilimbi) 250mg/kgBW, 500mg/kgBW, 750mg/kgBW for 21 days). Following the completion of the treatment, the mice were euthanised via cervical dislocation, and the testicular organs were collected. The left testicular organ was used for histological observation of the testes, with parameters including the percentage of spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelium thickness. The right testicular organ and SL extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Data was analysed using the SPSS program with one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. These results indicate that the administration of SL extract at a dose of 750 mg/kgBB can increase testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium thickness, number of spermatogenic cells, and Leydig cells due to MSG exposure.  The results of the testicular antioxidant capacity test showed the highest %inhibition of 45.65% at the first dose.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Some Xylariaceous Fungi Panjaitan, Desimaria; Noraini; Norwahyunie; Fastanti, Fandri Sofiana; Naibaho, Frans Grovy
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.01

Abstract

The Xylariaceae family comprises cosmopolitan ascomycetous fungi that predominantly live as saprobes, contributing ecologically and forming interactions with various organisms. Due to their cultivability under laboratory conditions and potential to produce bioactive metabolites, members of Xylariaceae are increasingly explored for bioprospecting. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of mycelial extracts from Xylariaceae isolates collected from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, as an initial step in exploring their bioprospective traits. Fungal specimens obtained from forest exploration were cultured in vitro to obtain axenic cultures. Liquid-state fermentation was performed to induce metabolite secretion, and the biomass was extracted (macerated) using ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH). The antimicrobial activity was tested against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay and expressed as IC50 values. Morphological examination of six isolates (DP61–DP66) revealed characteristic features of Xylariaceae, such as upright stromata, clavate dark structures, and smooth to punctate surfaces, while their mycelia appeared white and unpigmented. Ethyl acetate extracts generally exhibited broader antibacterial effects than methanolic extracts. The EtOAc-DP62 extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 13.3 mm and 13.2 mm against B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively. MeOH-DP66 demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity, with an inhibition zone of 21.7 mm. DP62 also exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.44 µg/mL), surpassing ascorbic acid (IC50 = 28.32 µg/mL). Molecular identification based on ITS-rDNA sequences revealed DP62 as Nectriopsis epimycota (Bionectriaceae) and DP66 as Xylaria plebeja (Xylariaceae). Interestingly, DP62 may represent an endohyphal fungus initially associated with a xylariaceous fruiting body. These findings highlight the bioprospective value of these fungal isolates as promising antimicrobial and antioxidant-producing agents.
Exploration of Actinomycetes from Krueng Aceh River Estuary Sediments for Antibacterial Compounds Harahap, Diannita; Wahyuni, Rosi
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.04

Abstract

Actinomycetes are major producers of various classes of antibiotics, including those that work against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. River sediments have varying physical and chemical conditions and a source of highly complex material that is suitable for the growth of Actinomycetes. This study investigated the characteristics and genus of Actinomycetes from the Krueng Aceh Estuary sediments and their ability to produce antibiotics. Sediment samples were collected from the Krueng Aceh estuary using a purposive sampling method. The isolates were cultured on Yeast Malt Extract Agar (YMA) and identified based on morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. Antibacterial screening was conducted using the well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Environmental parameters, including current speed, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature, were measured in-situ to characterize the habitat. The research identified six isolates belonging to the genera Streptomyces and Nocardia. Antibiotic activity tests using the well diffusion method revealed varying degrees of growth inhibition of against the test bacteria. Streptomyces sp.A3 demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against E. coli with an inhibition diameter area of 15.86 mm, while Streptomyces sp.A4 showed moderate activity of 4.12 mm. In addition to the tested S. aureus, Streptomyces sp.A2 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, showing  an inhibition diameter of 16.56 mm, and Streptomyces sp.A3 showed moderate activity (4.42 mm). This study concludes that Streptomyces isolated from the Krueng Aceh river estuary possesses the potential to produce antibacterial compounds capable of inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.
The Effect of Avocado Oil Cream on Accelerating Wound Healing Process: A Macroscopic Analysis Amalia, Fia; Paramanandi, Dini Agusti; Monica, Yelis Tria
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.03

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases. Natural compounds such as avocado (Persea americana) oil, rich in oleic and linoleic acids, have shown potential in supporting tissue regeneration. This study aimed to analyse the macroscopic wound healing effects of avocado oil cream at different concentrations in mice. Eighteen male Swiss Webster mice (8 weeks old, 30 g) were divided into three groups: K (0%) as a control group, P1 (25%) and P2 (50%) as the treatment groups. A 6 mm excisional wound was created on each mouse, and cream was applied once daily for seven days. Wound area and contraction were measured on days 1-7 using a digital calliper and analysed using one-way ANOVA (p>0.05). Results showed a consistent decrease in wound area and an increase in wound contraction across all groups, indicating progressive healing. Although statistical differences were not significant (p>0.05), the P2 (50%) group demonstrated a faster rate of wound area reduction and higher contraction compared to other groups. Macroscopically, P2 (50%) wound exhibited cleaner surfaces, earlier granulation tissue formation, and better epithelial coverage. These effects are likely related to the bioactive properties of avocado oil, which modulate inflammation, stimulate fibroblast proliferation, and enhance collagen remodelling. In conclusion, the topical application of avocado oil cream, particularly at a 50% concentration, showed promising macroscopic improvement in wound healing. Further studies with longer observation periods and histological analysis are recommended to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from The Tobacco Rhizosphere in Prancak Village to Degrade Organic Matter Hefdiyah, Hefdiyah; Ach. Kholish; Safitri, Soviana Fila
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.07

Abstract

Organic agriculture is growing in Sumenep due to heightened awareness of the negative impacts of synthetic chemical use. Utilising Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the rhizosphere of tobacco plants in Prancak Village presents an alternative to chemical fertilisers and pesticides. It may serve as a biostimulant, encouraging farmer independence and maintaining the organic farming practices. This study examined the diversity of bacteria in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants in Prancak Village. It also examined the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria, or PGPR, in decomposing organic matter. The bacterial population was measured using the total plate count method. The soil physicochemical factors considered included pH, texture, and colour, while the potential for organic matter degradation was assessed of measuring inhibition zones. The results showed that the PGPR population in the tobacco rhizosphere ranged from 0.83 to 6.68 × 106 CFU. Nine isolates of potential organic matter-degrading bacteria were identified, with index values for the Amylolytic Index (AI) ranging from 16.7 mm to 42.8 mm, Cellulolytic Index (CI) from 68 cm to 4.31 cm, Proteolytic Index (PI) from 2.05 mm to 5.94 mm, and Lipolytic Index (LI) from 1.62 mm to 5.20 mm.

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