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Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2339076X     EISSN : 25022458     DOI : -
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management is managed by the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC-MEDMIND), research collaboration between Brawijaya University, Mataram University, Massey University, and Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences-China Papers dealing with result of original research, and critical reviews on aspects directed to the management of degraded and mining lands covering topography of a landscape, soil and water quality, biogeochemistry, ecosystem structure and function, and environmental, economic, social and health impacts are welcome with no page charge
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Articles 905 Documents
Geostatistical modeling of soil contamination by arsenic and mercury in Mollehuaca, Peru Tumy-Gomez, Enmanuel Hernan; Arizaca-Avalos, Americo; Huisa-Mamani, Fidel; Apaza-Chino, Julian; Pastor-Contreras, Wilber
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8547

Abstract

This study focused on the geostatistical modeling of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) contamination levels in soils of the Mollehuaca settlement, Arequipa, Peru, an area significantly affected by artisanal mining. Using advanced geostatistical techniques, such as ordinary kriging, 35 soil samples were evaluated to determine the spatial distribution of these heavy metals and their extreme concentrations. The results showed that As concentrations reached a maximum of 808.00 mg/kg, far exceeding the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) limit for soils (50 mg/kg) according to D.S. N° 011-2017-MINAM. Similarly, Hg levels presented maximum values of 207.00 mg/kg, also above the threshold of 6.6 mg/kg established by the same regulation. Structural analysis using spherical variograms revealed a high spatial continuity with ranges of 369 m for As and 302.4 m for Hg, indicating that both metals exhibit a strong spatial relationship influenced by geological factors, such as mineralized veins and fractures. This significant correlation between As and Hg, with a determination coefficient r² = 0.6399, suggests a common source of contamination associated with the informal mining practices that characterize this region. In conclusion, the results highlighted the urgent need to implement remediation measures in the most affected areas, as the concentrations of these metals exceed the limits established by Peruvian regulations, representing a considerable risk to human health and local ecosystems. Additionally, continuous monitoring is recommended to improve environmental management and reduce the negative impacts of artisanal mining in this critical area of southern Peru.
The hydrological functions of Ultisols: Study of biopores and oil palm waste application impact in oil palm plantations Sunarti, Sunarti; Endriani, Endriani; Azani, Muhammad Raidan
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8751

Abstract

Ultisol is one type of soil available for the development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. Oil palm development is faced with negative perceptions due to the degradation of soil and regional hydrological functions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of the application of biopores filled with various types of oil palm waste on the hydrological function of Ultisols with oil palm plantations. This research used an experimental method designed by creating eight experimental plots consisting of seven plots with biopores filled with various types of oil palm waste and one plot without biopores. The research data included organic carbon content, bulk density, porosity, permeability, infiltration, and water retention of soil. Data were obtained through analysis of soil samples in the laboratory and field measurements. Data were analyzed descriptively and by regression analysis with a confidence level of 95% (? = 0.05). The research results showed that the application of biopores with various oil palm wastes was able to improve soil characteristics and hydrological functions of Ultisols in oil palm plantations. The application of biopores with a combination of Mucuna bracteata, empty oil palm fruit bunches, oil palm pruning leaves, and oil palm shell biochar showed the best effect on improving soil characteristics and hydrological functions. Improvement of soil characteristics was correlated with improvement of hydrological function in Ultisols. Therefore, biopores filled with oil palm waste can be recommended as an integrative soil and water conservation technology for controlling the hydrological functions of Ultisols in oil palm plantations.
Typology of artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites along the Singingi River, Riau Province Okalia, Deno; Iskandar; Mulyanto, Budi; Sudadi, Untung
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8719

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Singingi Watershed has precipitated a multifaceted transformation of the landscape, resulting in severe geomorphological, sedimentological, and hydrological alterations. This study leveraged an integrative quantitative descriptive framework and advanced spatial analysis to systematically delineate post-mining land typologies along a 51.25 km stretch of the watershed, using high-resolution remote sensing data and validation from 243 strategically distributed sample points. Eight distinct land typologies (A-H) were identified based on detailed assessments of topographic attributes, particle size distribution, pit depth, and tailing mound characteristics. Notably, typology H—characterized by a flat terrain (slope <8%), shallow pit depths and tailing mound heights (<2 m), and a predominance of fine-textured soils—emerged as the most amenable to passive reclamation and natural vegetation regeneration. Overlay analyses further demonstrated that Sungai Paku Village harbors the largest expanse of typology H (108.16 ha), underscoring its critical priority for reclamation interventions. These findings provide a robust, evidence-based foundation for the development of adaptive reclamation strategies, offering valuable insights for restoring ecological and physical functions in mining-impacted environments. The study underscores the importance of integrating multidisciplinary spatial data to inform sustainable land management practices in regions severely affected by ASGM activities and as a reference for the community for reclamation priorities based on land typology.
Ecological environment quality assessment using remote sensing models and a machine learning approach for land consolidation Kanchanamala, P; Venu Madhav, T; Kachancheeri, Muhammed Shameem; Sutar, Ajim Shabbir; Muthukumaran, N; Kannan, S.P.M.; Gupta, Rupesh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8605

Abstract

The development of land consolidation (LC) in Kochi leads to ecological alterations, requiring effective methods to assess ecological environmental quality (EEQ). This study introduced a remote sensing (RS)-based framework using pre-, during-, and post-LC data. The Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), incorporating four factors wetness (LSM), greenness (NDVI), heat (LST), and dryness (NDBSI)—was applied to evaluate EEQ variations. Land Use Land Cover (LULC) was derived using Random Forest classification to highlight changes during Kochi’s smart city project. RSEI values range from 0 (low EEQ) to 1 (high EEQ). The results showed that EEQ was good before LC, declined during LC, and significantly dropped after LC, with areas such as Pazhangad, Fort Kochi, and Mattancherry experiencing severe degradation. Recovery of EEQ took over a decade. This approach offers a reliable, scientific method for long-term EEQ monitoring at the project scale and supports sustainable planning in ecologically sensitive urban developments.
Utilizing settling ponds in reclaimed mine sites in Indonesia: Linking georesources and fish culture Mujahid, Muhammad; Adlan, Qi; Diatin, Iis; Hadiroseyani, Yani; Matangaran, Juang Rata
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8583

Abstract

Abandoned mine quarries are a growing concern in many developing countries, especially in the Indonesian archipelago, where challenging geography often hinders regulatory inspections. Repurposing quarry settling ponds for fish culture poses a challenge because, while these ponds offer an opportunity to convert post-mining geological assets into sustainable resources, not all fish species can survive the poor water conditions typical of these ponds. Reclaiming post-mining land offers an opportunity to convert these geological sites into productive fish culture areas. In this study, a settling pond at a post-mining site in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia, was treated, and fish species were selected using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method to ensure survivability and economic sustainability. The three best species were tested in a 1.5 m x 1 m x    1 m floating net cage with 200 fish stocked per cage, with a culture time of 70 days. The selected fish species cultured were catfish (Clarias gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Survival rates ranged from 53.5 to 86%, showing the pond’s potential for fish farming. Catfish and tilapia exhibited the highest growth, survival, and production rates, more than twice that of common carp, highlighting their suitability for sustainable fish culture in reclaimed settling ponds.
Effect of hydroseeding media materials on soil stability from landslide sites Zairina, Anisa; Soemarno, Soemarno; Rachmansyah, Arief; Yanuwiadi, Bagyo; Leksono, Amin Setyo
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8635

Abstract

Landslides can cause soil and land quality degradation. Soil originating from landslide sites has less stable aggregates because it is nutrient-poor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroseeding media materials on soil stability after landslides. This study was conducted in two landslide areas in Pujon District, Malang Regency (112.417958 E, 7.867472 S) and toll road KM 78 Purwodadi, Pasuruhan Regency (112.726777 E, 7.804978 S), East Java. Soil analysis was carried out with parameters including soil physical characteristics data (bulk density, specific gravity, water content, porosity, texture and permeability) and soil chemical characteristics (organic matter, organic C, N, P, K, pH, CEC, exchangeable K, Na, Ca, Mg, total N and C/N ratio). The application of hydroseeding media was carried out with a combination of the following media: mulch (M), blotong (B), and fertilizer (cow manure; F). The results showed that the two-material formula generally had soil aggregates that were more resistant to water droplets. Soil aggregates with the MB formula treatment had the best aggregate stability compared to ten hydroseeding formulas with other material combinations.
Natural resources management using fly ash in South Kalimantan, activated with acid and alkali as an adsorbent to reduce metal cations from acid mine drainage Ermiyati, Ana; Indrayatie, Eko Rini; Santoso , Uripto Trisno; Nugroho , Agung
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8571

Abstract

Coal in South Kalimantan is widely used in industry and the Steam Electric Power Center (PLTU) as boiler fuel for power generation. Fly ash is a waste produced by about 80% of coal combustion. Fly ash solid waste, if not handled properly, can cause environmental pollution in water, air, and soil. The utilization of environmentally friendly fly ash is a crucial issue in reducing the environmental burden. One of them is by utilizing fly ash as an adsorbent. This study examines the characteristics and effectiveness of fly ash in South Kalimantan as an adsorbent for Fe, Mn, and Cd metal cations in acid mine drainage. Fly ash used is fly ash without activation (FA), activated fly ash with HCl 1 M (HFA), and activated with NaOH 1 M (NaFA).The three types of adsorbents (FA, HFA, and NaFA) have characteristics that include a dominant content of silica oxide (SiO2),  alumina oxide (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), as well as spherical particles. NaFA has the largest surface area of 26.945 m2/g, FA 9.499 m2/g, and HFA 21.994 m2/g. NaFA has the highest absorption with optimum Fe of 99.9%, Mn of 94.8% and Cd of 99.9%. NaFA is more effective in reducing Fe metal ions compared to FA and HFA at an adsorbent mass of 10 g. Likewise with the metal ions Mn and Cd, NaFA is most effective in reducing both metal ions at an adsorbent mass of 30 g.
Evaluation of soil compaction using the dynamic penetration index and the soil physical characteristics approach on agricultural land in the Ketonggo sub-watershed, Indonesia Mujiyo, Mujiyo; Lestari, Audi Soekma; Komariah, Komariah; Herawati, Aktavia; Irmawati, Viviana; Romadhon, Muhammad Rizky; Hardian, Tiara; Istiqomah, Nanda Mei
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8769

Abstract

Soil compaction is one of the problems faced due to land conversion in agriculture, directly impacting land productivity. This study aimed to identify the distribution of soil density with the Dynamic Penetration Index (DPI) method, the influence of land use, and the determinants of soil compaction, and provide recommendations to control soil density on agricultural land around the sub-watershed area. This research used an exploratory descriptive method, and sample points were determined by purposive sampling. There are 45 sample points determined based on the overlay map of soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall. The low DPI class has an area of 8,227 ha (34.34%), and the very low DPI class has an area of 15,729 ha (65.65%). The highest DPI value was in the plantation land use, and the lowest was in the rice field land use. Plantations experienced soil compaction due to intensive land use without soil quality restoration. The determining factors that affect soil compaction were porosity and bulk density. High porosity means low DPI values and, therefore, low compaction. High bulk density means high DPI value and therefore high compaction. Recommendations for land management include adding organic matter and tillage using a hoe or tractor to optimize soil compaction.
Effects of land cover, slope, and soil physical properties on runoff coefficient in Upper Brantas Sub-watershed Cahya, Utik Tri Wulan; Utomo, Wani Hadi; Nugroho, Waego Hadi; Suharyanto, Agus
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8593

Abstract

Management of water resources in watersheds requires an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the runoff coefficient. This study aimed to analyze the influence of land cover, slope, and soil physical properties on the runoff coefficient in the Upper Brantas Sub-watershed and develop a prediction model using multiple linear regression. The research was conducted in Pesanggrahan Village, Batu City, using nine observation plots consisting of three types of land cover (dense canopy, moderate canopy, and sparse canopy) with three slope classes (15%, 25%, and 35%). Surface runoff measurements were conducted using 150 m² plots during the rainy season. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the runoff coefficient was significantly negatively correlated with land cover percentage (r = -0.551; p<0.001) and Dry Microaggregate Ratio (DMR) index (r = -0.439; p<0.001), and significantly positively correlated with slope (r = 0.265; p<0.001) and sand content (r = 0.410; p<0.001). The selected regression model (C = -0.031 - 0.074X1 + 0.015X2 - 0.001X4 + 0.110X6) showed land cover/X1 had the strongest influence (? = -0.074, p<0.0001), followed by slope class/X2 (? = 0.015, p<0.0001), bulk density/X4 (? = 0.110, p<0.001), and silt content/X6 (? = -0.001, p<0.036). The model performed well with a validation R² of 46.3% and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0331. This research presents a practical model for estimating runoff coefficients, supporting soil and water conservation planning in mountainous areas.
Land degradation, flood disaster, and local wisdom in Tempe Lake of South Sulawesi coastal community Harifuddin, Harifuddin; Azuz, Faidah; Madiong, Baso
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8693

Abstract

Floods that hit the coast of Lake Tempe are caused by land degradation and poor land management. This research aims to analyse (1) land degradation as a determinant factor in the occurrence of flood disasters, (2) the function of local wisdom as an adaptation to flooding, (3) the effects of land degradation on the sustainability of the fishermen’s livelihoods of coastal communities. This research used an exploratory-consequential (qualitative-quantitative) design. This research was conducted on the coast of Tempe Lake, utilizing data collection methods that included interviews, observations, literature studies, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis used 3-step technique (qualitative) and descriptive statistics (quantitative). The results showed that (1) almost all respondents stated that land degradation such as sedimentation and land erosion that lasted for a long time and the amount of critical land due to wrong land management triggered flooding. (2) In reading natural signs, local wisdom serves as an early warning so that people are aware of the disasters that will occur, (3) the professions most affected by flooding are farmers, fishermen, and transport boat drivers. When flooding occurs farmers and fishermen cannot work but they can become transport boat drivers. For the transport boat driver, his boat can be rented out when he isn’t working. The conclusion is that land degradation causes floods. However, the experience of flooding over the years has made people adapt, including in terms of work, so that they still have alternative productive activities despite being hit by floods.