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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 20851103     EISSN : 23560991     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.
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Articles 382 Documents
Severe Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) with Multiple Organ Failure in Urban Setting: A Case Report Halim, Samuel; Hartono, Bryan Arista
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.39466

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a rare disease that could cause multiple organ failures and death if left untreated. The correct treatment will determine the recovery of patients. A 28-years old male came to the Emergency Department with profuse diarrhea. No prior medical history; worked as a private employee recently assigned to collect rat traps one week before. Laboratories show severe thrombocytopenia, acute liver failure, and acute renal failure support by imaging with the conclusion of hepatomegaly with normal kidney size. During observation in the emergency room, the patient worsens into septic shock. The patient was treated in intensive care, diagnosed with Weil's disease, and treated given antibiotics with aggressive fluid therapy; dialysis was postponed, and close monitoring of the patient's symptoms and organ function. After five days of care, clinical symptoms and organ function improved, and the patient was discharged well. Diagnosis of Leptospirosis is challenging with a combination of signs and symptoms that are not commonly found. Therefore, primary treatment is antibiotic and supportive care such as renal replacement therapy is not routinely needed as long there are improvements in close monitoring. This objective is to increase awareness and treatment option for further severe leptospirosis cases
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Associated with Hepatitis A Viral Infection: A Case Report Ariobimo, Bonfilio Neltio; Nujum, Nurun; Saputro, Daniel Ponco Harto
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.39532

Abstract

Most hepatitis A infections are acute, self-limiting, and asymptomatic. In rare instances, extra hepatic complication, such as acute cholecystitis, may emerge. Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall and is classified into calculus and acalculus. About 90–95% of cases are brought on by bile duct stones. Acute acalculous cholecystitis can be brought on by structural and functional abnormalities in the gallbladder brought on by viral hepatitis infection. Here we present a 20 years old female patient with acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with hepatitis A infection. Gallbladder distention, thickening of the gallbladder wall, absence of acoustic shadow or biliary sludge, perivesical liquid buildup, and absence of dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts are among the ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosing acute acalculous cholecystitis. The viral hepatitis serology revealed acute hepatitis A infection with positive anti-HAV IgM. Hepatitis A testing should be considered in patients suspected with acalculous cholecystitis of undefined etiology in markedly deranged liver function test adult patients.
Impact of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases to Immune Response in COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review Fahmita, Karin Dhia; Soegiarto, Gatot; Wulandari, Laksmi; Purnomosari, Dewajani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.40266

Abstract

To determine impact of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases towards effectivity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination. Systematic review based on PRISMA statement was done. Searching was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ProQuest and resulting in 6 studies involving 4,053 participants which deemed on good quality according to Joanna Briggs Institute tools for critical appraisal. After thorough analysis, we found that two out of four studies assessing mRNA-based vaccine found out that hypertension lower antibody response significantly. Two out of two studies assessing inactivated virus vaccine shown that hypertensive patients tend to have lower antibody titers compared to control. One of studies mentioned above found that antibody titer was not different between populations with cardiovascular diseases and control.Hypertension lessened response to COVID-19 vaccination regardless of vaccine type used. However, lack of studies on cardiovascular disease suggested that more studies should be conducted, along with hypertension, in-order to make meta-analysis possible to provide better evidence.
Portable and Battery-Operated Isothermal Amplification Device Validation for Onsite Analysis of M. tuberculosis "DNA Hunter” Agel, H. Esra
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.40482

Abstract

Point-of-care (POC) devices play an important role in the protection of public health by providing rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, patient management, and effective treatment. Fast, easy-to-interpret, environmentally resistant, and cost-effective POC tests that can be used practically in the field are gaining more and more importance every day. There is a need for portable devices that will enable rapid diagnosis kits to be used in the field for early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the DNA hunter device that was developed in terms of providing the required temperature for M. tuberculosis (MTB) diagnosis of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and visually evaluating the analysis results. The device in this study; handheld (total weight 430 g, outer dimensions 70 x 175 x 80 mm), the average operating time can reach a maximum temperature of 110 degrees in 2 minutes with a fully charged battery, and the processing time is about 90 minutes without being connected to electricity. It can display the pre-evaluation result on the screen with the full digital color sensor. The device can be adjusted to the desired reaction temperature and time. It also has software where sample registration numbers can be entered. DNA Hunter can be used for all analyses performed by the LAMP method and the results can be evaluated colorimetrically, thus it is well suited for POC testing.
Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Replication Wihanto, Laura; Waworuntu, Gladdy Lysias; Tedyanto, Cecilia Putri; Puspitasari, Heni
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.42672

Abstract

The various infection routes of Toxoplasma gondii that are close to daily life strongly support the incidence of toxoplasmosis. The emergence of drug-resistant Toxoplasma gondii strains raises future concerns. Moringa leaf ethanol extract has been shown to have several anti-pathogen activities, which could have an anti-Toxoplasma effect. This research was conducted to analyze the anti-Toxoplasma effect of moringa leaf ethanol extract against tachyzoites replication in Toxoplasma gondii and the correlation between extract doses with the number of tachyzoites. Mice were divided into five groups. The negative control group (Group I) received CMC-Na solution. The positive control group (Group II) received spiramycin 100 mg/kg BW. The treatment groups received moringa leaf ethanol extract 250 mg/kg BW (group III), 500 mg/kg BW (group IV), and 1000 mg/kg BW (group V), respectively. Mice were injected with 1 x 105 tachyzoites/0.1 mL/mice intraperitoneally on the first day. Moringa leaf ethanol extract and spiramycin were given orally once daily for three days. The number of tachyzoites in the intraperitoneal fluid was calculated on the fifth day. The results have shown that there were significantly lower differences (P < 0.05) in group IV (P = 0.021) and group V (P = 0.022) compared to group I. There was also a significant negative correlation between the extract doses and the number of tachyzoites (P = 0.000; r = -0.781). Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract has an anti-Toxoplasma effect by inhibiting the tachyzoite replication at     500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW.
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Critical and Non-Critical Elderly COVID-19 Patients in Udayana University Academic Hospital: A Retrospective Study Purnamasidhi, Cokorda Agung Wahyu; Somia, I Ketut Agus; Junior, Darren; Suteja, Richard Christian; Adiputra, I Komang Hotra; Purnama, Giovanca Verentzia; Weisnawa, I Gede Purna; Jerry; Wulandari, Putu Kintan; Shanti, Dewa Ayu Fony Prema; Diksha, I Gusti Ngurah Ariestha Satya
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.43097

Abstract

Elderly COVID-19 patients have been associated with worse outcomes and have been presented with the highest mortality rate. However, studies on the clinical features and the differences between critical and non-critical elderly COVID-19 patients in Indonesia and even other countries are still lacking and rare. In this retrospective study, the epidemiological and clinical features of critical and non-critical elderly COVID-19 patients admitted to Udayana University Academic Hospital between April 2020 and March 2021 were analyzed and then compared. Of the 280 medical records analyzed, 60.7% were male and the median age was 65.0 years old. Based on the medical records, 18.2% of elderly patients met our criteria of critical patients. The most common symptoms presented in both category upon admission included fever and coughing. The most common comorbidity found in critical patients was heart disease and hypertension in non-critical patients. Laboratory results differences included leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, platelets, SGOT, SGPT, and urea. Only 9.9% of critical patients and 6.1% of non-critical patients were given antiviral therapy. In contrast, 68.6% of critical patients and 76% of non-critical patients were given antibiotics. The mortality rate in critical patients was 70.6% and 0.4% in non-critical patients. Based on the results, a multimodal approach in the treatment of elderly COVID-19 patients is very essential. The higher mortality rate in elderly patients should be able to be reduced by giving early and timely antiviral therapy with the addition of effective choice of drugs.
Larvacidal Activity of the Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extract Against Larvae of Aedes aegypti Muflikhah, Nina Difla
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i2.37328

Abstract

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the major public health problems in Indonesia. As the population density increases, the number of sufferers increases. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors for the disease. The absence of drugs make the best prevention effort by eradicating mosquito nests, killing larvae and adult mosquitoes. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) may be used as larvacides in the presence of chemical compounds of flavonoids and saponins that inhibit feeding and disrupt the process of insect metabolism. The purpose of this research has to determine the effect of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.), to determine the larvicide effect of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) and to determine the concentration of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) which is optimal in killing third instar Aedes aegypti larvae. This research used Randomized Design Group (RDG) method with treatment consisted 4 concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%), negative control and positive control (ABATE) with 6 repetitions. The results of probit analysis showed that LC50 values were 1.124% and LC90 was 4.413%. From the one way ANOVA test at each concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, the F count result is 208.331, the value was greater than F table which is 2.53 and the significant value is 0.000 (sig <0.05) then mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) has a affected to eliminated of Aedes aegypti larvae. Conclusion from the results of the one way ANOVA test of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) was affected to eliminated third instar Aedes aegypti larvae
An Initiative Report on Hospitalized Pulmonary TB Patients Co-Infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic from Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Surabaya Effendy, Lyndia; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Soedarsono, Soedarsono; Endraswari, Pepy
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i2.38940

Abstract

The enduring effect of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been experienced throughout the past and ongoing three years. Incidences of SARS-CoV-2 co-infected tuberculosis patients were reported globally, including in Italy and several European countries and resulted in a more complicated disease with severe clinical features and poorer clinical outcomes. To effectively manage this co-infection, it is important to be informed of the prevalence and characteristics of an acute SARS-CoV-2 co-infection on TB and determining factors of severity. Therefore, early warning signs can be recognized, monitored closely and managed. This retrospective study, carried out on hospitalized TB patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital and Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, used medical records from March 2020 to December 2022. Samples were from inpatients with a molecularly-Gene Xpert MTB/Rif-confirmed tuberculosis, and currently experienced respiratory and fever symptoms that resembles the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection or exacerbation of tuberculosis. They are then screened and examined using a molecular diagnostic test, with real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 54 (0.7%) patients had TB-SARS-CoV-2 co-infection among 7,786 suspected to have TB, of which 35 had Rifampicin Sensitive (TB-RS), while 19 had TB Rifampicin Resistant (TB-RR) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The remaining 2,586 suspected TB patients had only MTB, based on the detection methods of X-pert MTB/RIF, but with negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical severity and mortality of TB-SARS-CoV2 co-infected patients were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities (p=0.0156), and serum haemoglobin levels (p=0.0672), in which p value < 0.05 is considered significant.
Different COVID-19 mRNA-based Vaccine Platforms as The Booster Dose and Their Impact on Omicron: A Literature-Based Overview Mahdi, Bagus Aulia; Soegiarto, Gatot; Wulandari, Laksmi; purnomosari, dewajani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i2.39597

Abstract

Globally, the vaccine has been determined as one of the principal policies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some vaccinated individuals with two complete doses of inactivated experienced SARS-CoV2 infection, including the healthcare workers (HCWs). This threat led to the emergent need for a vaccine booster with different types of platforms aiming to enhance immunity from the Omicron variant. We conducted a literature study on the concept of heterologous compared to homologous vaccines in COVID-19 vaccination. We obtained 22 studies about COVID-19 booster vaccines. Referring to seven of them, we compared and distinguished between heterologous and homologous vaccines. We then reported the literature review according to PRISMA guideline. The study demonstrated qualitatively that heterologous vaccinations boosted antibody receptor binding domain, neutralizing antibody, and spike-specific Th1 type T cell responses and had an impact on omicron infection when compared to homologous vaccines. In conclusion, heterologous, mRNA based vaccine, predominantly induces cellular and humoral responses better than the homologous vaccine. This increased immune response is expected to provide profound immunity against the Omicron.
The Incidence and Characteristics of Misdiagnosed Covid-19 Patients with Dengue Fever Infections at Udayana University Hospital in 2020-2021 Adiputra, I Komang Hotra; Swastika, I Kadek; Diarthini, Ni Luh Putu Eka; Sudarmaja, I Made; Purnamasidhi, Cokorda Agung Wahyu
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i2.42119

Abstract

The rise in dengue fever in recent decades combined with the emergence of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, has created new challenges in the healthcare sector. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional research design and using medical record data at Udayana University Hospital in 2020–2021. According to the study, 1.22% cases of misdiagnosis out of a total of 2365 suspected cases of COVID-19 were found at Udayana University. The majority of cases of misdiagnosis involved people older than 60 years, namely 7 people (24.1%) and were dominated by men, namely 17 people (58.6%). The most common symptoms found are fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, and malaise, According to laboratory results, dominant patients have thrombocytopenia, followed by high alanine transaminase (ALT), high aspartate transaminase (AST), and leukopenia. The appearance of thrombocytopenia in cases of COVID-19 with dengue fever is the result of suppressed platelet synthesis due to virus induction which causes bone marrow suppression and platelet clearance. Leukopenia and leukocytosis may coexist with lymphopenia as an indicator of disease severity. The similarity of symptoms and laboratory results between COVID-19 and dengue fever allows for misdiagnosis that will affect the patient's management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the misdiagnosis rate of COVID-19 with dengue fever at Udayana University Hospital in 2020–2021, so that it can reduce misdiagnosis of the disease.