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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 531 Documents
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Analysis of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) Levels in Rats Given Jamu Cekok Decoction Risya Alfhadillah; Puji Astuti; Sari Rahmayanti; Virhan Novianry
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.189-198

Abstract

Jamu cekok is a traditional medicine used by Indonesians, especially children to increase appetite. However, the safety test of jamu cekok on liver function using Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) as parameters has never been evaluated. This study aimed to determine the effect of jamu cekok on liver function by assessing SGOT and SGPT levels in rats subjected to acute toxicity. The study employed an analytical experimental design with the OECD 425 method. The test rats used were 12, divided into a control group, a 2000 mg/kg BW treatment group and a 5000 mg/kg BW treatment group. The treatment of jamu cekok decoction was given once on the first day of the acute toxicity test and was observed for 14 days. SGOT and SGPT levels were measured and analyzed using one-way ANOVA to assess differences between groups. Through this study, observations of behavior and body weight over the 14 days showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. The LD50 value was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg BW, which is categorized as practically non-toxic. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests revealed no significant differences in SGOT levels between the control and treatment groups (p>0,05). Similarly, SGPT levels also showed no significant difference (p>0,05) between groups. These findings indicate that he administration of jamu cekok at a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW does not induce toxic effects on liver function, as reflected by SGOT and SGPT measurements.
Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from the Extracts of Ficus mucoso Leaves Abdulmumeen Amao Hamid; Godshelp Osas Egharevba; Shuaib Bolaji Issa; Oluwafeyikemi Mercy Olalere; Bukunmi Temitope Akinloye; Yakub Tunde Yakub; O. Sulyman Ibrahim; Idris Umar; Habeebulahi Ajibola Adekilekun; Idris Olatunji Sanusi; Abdullahi Alhaji Ahmad
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.151-157

Abstract

The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Ficus mucoso leaves were screened for the presence of metabolites, using column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Dodec-6-enoic acid (1), methyl hexadecanoate (2), hexadec-9-enoic acid (3), and ethyl tetradecanoate (4) were obtained from the extracts of F. mucoso leaves. These compounds were confirmed via 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and available published literature.
Designing Interactive Online Atlas of Mammalian Anatomy (Cavia cobaya) Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi; Riyanto Riyanto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1625-1628

Abstract

This research is an integration between fields of Biology, Photography, Design, and Informatics Engineering. The study aimed to develop an interactive online atlas of mammalian anatomy to improve the accessibility and data sharing (free access) of mammalian anatomy. Website was developed using SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) which consists of five steps as follows: website’s strategic planning, determine the scope of website, website’s requirements analysis, design and implementations of website, and testing. Based on the results of testing and system implementation, it can be concluded that online interactive atlas (AtlasAnatomy.org) had been successfully built as anatomical educational media of mammal.
Molecular Identification and Characterization of Lipase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Wawolesea Hot Spring, Southeast Sulawesi Sapto Raharjo; Muhammad Azwar Syah; Andi Tantri; Tien Tien; Lina Lestari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.215-220

Abstract

The Wawolesea hot spring in Southeast Sulawesi represents an extreme ecosystem characterized by high temperature and salinity, providing a potential habitat for thermo-halophilic bacteria that produce industrial enzymes, particularly lipase. Here, we carried out molecular identification of lipase-producing bacteria isolated from the Wawolesea hot spring using 16S rRNA gene analysis. The sequence comparison showed that isolate K.111 was the most closely related to Bacillus thuringiensis. This supports the hypothesis that the Wawolesea hot spring harbors thermo-halophilic bacterial communities with potential applications in industrial biocatalysis.
Harnessing Blighia sapida as a Source of Novel Antimicrobials: Activity of Crude and Fractionated Extracts Against MDR Pathogens Olumide Oluyele; Precious Temidayo Bimboye
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.221-227

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of multidrug-resistant pathogens has elevated antimicrobial resistance to a global crisis, necessitating the search for alternative antimicrobial sources. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of crude and fractionated extracts of Blighia sapida against selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The crude extract was prepared by maceration and subsequently fractionated using solvents of varying polarity. Antibacterial activity was assessed through standard microbiological assays, and phytochemical constituents were profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. Escherichia coli was the most susceptible (20.0 mm at 100 mg/mL), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0 mm), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 25–50 mg/mL. Fractionation produced varied activities: the n-hexane fraction demonstrated minimal inhibition (?10 mm), the ethanolic fraction showed moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and K. pneumoniae (5–10 mm), while the aqueous fraction was the most active, particularly against A. baumannii (11.0 mm) and E. coli (10.0 mm). Fraction MICs were higher (50–>100 mg/mL), indicating reduced potency compared to the crude extract. HPLC analysis identified kaempferol, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, myricetin, quercetin, and caffeine as major constituents. These findings demonstrate that B. sapida possesses promising antimicrobial phytochemicals and highlight its potential as a valuable plant-based source for combating MDR bacteria.
Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Extract of Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Animal Feed Risalatul Fathimah; Dika Putra Wijaya; Amirotul Muniroh; Sumari Sumari; Danar Danar; Nilna Inayatan Nafiah; Fatimah Az-Zahra; Aura Gitta Zhafirah; Grestya Dienda Monicha; Marendha Salma Sajidah; Juwita Oktaviani; Fina Kharisma Musallamah; Putri Rizky Febrianti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.229-238

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of Hermetia illucens (BSF) maggot extract as a potential sustainable ingredient for animal feed. Lipid extraction was performed using a modified Bligh and Dyer method by substituting chloroform with n-hexane to ensure safer and environmentally friendly processing. Proximate analysis revealed that BSF maggots contained 29.36% crude protein, 43.76% crude fat, 9.27% ash, 19.94% crude fiber, and a low moisture content of 3.06%, indicating high nutritional density and storage stability. XRF and qualitative tests confirmed significant mineral content, particularly CaO, K?O, and P?O?, with no detectable heavy metals or harmful contaminants, supporting their safety for feed applications. Microscopic analysis showed particle sizes ranging from 2,000-10,000 nm, classifying the material as a nanostructured biomass. The FAME profile demonstrated a diverse composition dominated by 9-octadecenoic acid (10.92%), triacontane (8.87%), octadecanoic acid (7.65%), and heptacosanoic acid (7.17%). Key medium- and long-chain fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid (C12:0), elaidic acid (C18:1), and stearic acid (C18:0) were also detected, indicating the suitability of BSF lipids as an energy-dense feed component with oxidative stability. Overall, the biochemical and structural characteristics obtained in this study highlight BSF maggots as a promising, nutrient-rich, and environmentally sustainable ingredient for animal feed formulations.
The Effect of Methanol Concentrations Against Phenolic Total Content and Antioxidant of Balakacida Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) Sriwijayanti Sriwijayanti; Ahmad Firdaus; Boima Situmeang; Holisha Widiyanto; Dian Susvira
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.239-244

Abstract

The balakacida plant with the Latin name Chromolaena odorata is a plant that lives in a tropical climate. The balakacida plant is a plant of the Asteraceae Family. Phytochemical tests on balakacida leaves showed the presence of secondary metabolites of the tannin, phenol, flavonoid, saponin and steroid groups. This study aims to extract balakacida leaves and test the total phenolic and antioxidant content. Sample extraction was carried out by the maceration method using methanol solvent. Testing of total phenolic content using the Folin Ciocalteu method, while testing of antioxidant content using the DPPH method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of methanol solvent significantly affected the acquisition of total phenolics and antioxidants. The highest total phenolic content was obtained at a methanol extract concentration of 80% of 145.64 mg GAE/g. For antioxidant content, a methanol extract concentration of 60% showed the highest activity with an average DPPH % inhibition of 59.77%. It can be concluded that a methanol extract concentration of 60% is the optimal concentration to produce balakacida leaf extract with the best antioxidant activity, although not with the highest total phenolic content.
Virgin Coconut Oil and Folic Acid Improve Insulin Signaling and Cardiac Function in Rotenone Induced Stunted Zebrafish Larvae Syahana Aini; Farica Emiliana; Hanida Aisyah Ardiana; Nurdiana Nurdiana; Ariani Ariani; Brigitta Ida Resita Vebrianti Corebima
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.199-207

Abstract

Stunting is a chronic growth disorder caused by prolonged nutritional deficiencies and environmental stress, resulting in reduced height for age. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are increasingly recognized as key contributors to impaired growth and cardiometabolic instability during early development. This study investigated the potential protective effects of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and folic acid on insulin signaling and cardiac finction in a rotenone induced stunted zebrafish larval model. A laboratory experimental study with a true experimental post test only controlled group design was conducted among 30 Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Irs gene expression at 9 day post fertilization (dpf) as samples per tube, heart rate was measured at 3, 6, and 9 dpf. The total group treatment was five with inclusion and exclusion criterias, negative control (NC), positive control exposed to rotenone (12.5 ppb), VCO treatment (6.25%), folic acid treatment (70 µM), and a combination of VCO and folic acid. Variables assessed in this study included heart rate and insulin receptor substrate (Irs) were evaluated using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 for windows. Rotenone significantly reduced Irs expression compared with negative control (0.272 ± 0.128 vc 1.014 ± 0.187; p<0.001). Treatment with VCO (0.678 ± 0.250), folic acid (0.676 ± 0.191), and their combination (0.695 ±  0.231) increased Irs expression relative to the rotenone group (p<0.05), although no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups. Rotenone also elevated heart rate at 9 dpf (236.9 ± 19.2 bpm) compared with the negative control (163.7 ± 10.1 bpm), whereas treatment groups showed improved cardiac parameters. These findings highlight the potential of nutritional interventions targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress to support recovery of insulin signaling and improve metabolic stability in stunting related conditions.  
Antibacterial Innovation of Iron Nanoparticles from Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.): an In Vitro Study Shofia Jannatul Ma&#039;rifah; Nur Azizah; Zahrotul Jamilah; Thoifatus Syarivah; Nabiilah Rifda Harmono Putri; Majida Ramadhan; Gatra Ervi Jayanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.245-252

Abstract

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel extract using ethanol as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Fe-NPs against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) was assessed using the well diffusion method. The morphology, structure, size, and atomic distribution on the surface of Fe-NPs were characterized using SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Different pH conditions (5, 7, and 9) were investigated as experimental factors for Fe-NPs preparation. The results revealed mostly irregular spherical shapes with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 89 nm, with the smallest size observed at pH 9. UV-Vis spectra confirmed the formation of Fe-NPs, appearing in the UV region around 230-295 nm. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds from the pomegranate peel extract, which facilitated Fe-NPs stabilization and acted as bioreductants. Upon reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(0), oxidation of O-H and C-O functional groups occurred. The diameters of inhibition zones against the tested bacteria were 16 mm at pH 5, 13 mm at pH 7, and 15 mm at pH 9, indicating strong antibacterial activity.
In Vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Sapindus rarak (Lerak) and Its Influence on Cellular Immune Markers During Escherichia coli Infection Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Rochmad Krissanjaya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.209-213

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli remains a major public health concern, prompting interest in plant-derived compounds with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Sapindus rarak (lerak) extract and its influence on macrophage cytokine responses during E. coli stimulation. Lerak pericarp extract was prepared using 70% ethanol and tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 using broth microdilution. Immunomodulatory effects were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to heat-killed E. coli, followed by treatment with sub-MIC concentrations of the extract. The results showed moderate antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 microgram/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 500 microgram/mL. Cell viability exceeded 90% at 50–100 microgram/mL, confirming suitability for immunological assays. Lerak significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production while increasing IL-10 levels, indicating suppression of excessive inflammation and enhancement of regulatory responses. These findings suggest that S. rarak possesses dual antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, highlighting its potential as a complementary therapeutic candidate for managing E. coli infections where inflammation contributes to disease severity.

Page 53 of 54 | Total Record : 531

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