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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 517 Documents
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Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae) Leaf Extract Osigwe, Chinyelu Clementina; Okokon, Jude Efiom; Uwaeme, Ugonma Florence; Ebere, Ijeoma Lilian
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.105-111

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potentials of natural products and the mounting need to ensure their safety and efficacy. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae) is one of such medicinal plants used traditionally to treat various diseases in Nigeria. The leaf extract was investigated for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects using Allium cepa test. The effect of the Eremomastax speciosa leaf extract on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa bulb was investigated using onion bulbs exposed to varying concentrations of the extract (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. There was statistically significant (p< 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extract when compared with the negative control group. All the tested concentrations of extract were observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. The extract-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells were significant (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The extract treatment further induced cell death, ghost cells, cells membrane damage, and binucleated cells. These results suggest that the leaf extract of Eremomastax speciosa possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa root meristem cells.
The Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of Jamu Cekok: Kidney Histopathology Analysis of Female Wistar Astuti, Puji; Novianry, Virhan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.69-75

Abstract

Jamu cekok is a traditional Indonesian herbal remedy for toddlers to improve appetite. While previous studies have shown benefits such as weight gain, its antioxidant activity and safety profile remain underexplored. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential and acute toxicity of jamu cekok, composed of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, and Kaempferia galanga. Extracts were extracted with Aquadest and n-hexane, and antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Results showed weak antioxidant activity in both extracts (IC50: 481.59 ppm for decoction, 127.12 ppm for n-hexane), lower than some individual herbs. Moreover, an acute toxicity tests followed OECD 425 guidelines using female Wistar rats. No mortality occurred at doses up to 5,000 mg/kgBW, categorizing it as practically non-toxic. However, elevated creatinine levels and histopathological kidney changes, including degeneration and Bowman’s capsule dilation, were observed at higher doses. These findings suggest jamu cekok is safe at high doses but may induce temporary renal effects. Further research is needed to optimize formulations and evaluate long-term safety.
In Silico Study of Bioactive Compounds from Acalypha indica L. Interacting with the COX-2 Receptor as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Candidates Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.31-37

Abstract

Acalypha indica L. is a medicinal herb traditionally used across Asia for treating inflammation-related conditions. Although several studies report anti-inflammatory activity in its extracts, little is known about the molecular interaction of its individual phytochemicals with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)—a validated therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. This study fills this gap by performing a comprehensive in silico analysis of 20 major bioactive compounds of A. indica using molecular docking, binding interaction profiling, and ADMET predictions. Docking against the COX-2 receptor (PDB: 3LN1) using AutoDock Vina revealed that rutin (-10.4 kcal/mol), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (-10.1 kcal/mol), quercetin (-9.6 kcal/mol), and luteolin (-9.3 kcal/mol) demonstrated strong predicted affinity and stable interactions with key residues Arg120, Tyr355, and Tyr385, comparable to celecoxib (-10.8 kcal/mol). ADMET profiling showed that aglycone flavonoids possessed more favorable drug-likeness properties than glycosides. These results suggest that A. indica contains multiple promising lead compounds for future COX-2 inhibition studies and highlight the molecular mechanisms supporting its ethnomedicinal use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Anchovy Rice Nuggets and Straw Mushroom with Porang Flour Substitution to Prevent Stunting Ardian, Junendri; Anisah, Anisah; Isasih, Widani Darma
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.113-118

Abstract

Stunting is one of the chronic nutritional problems in toddlers that remains highly prevalent in Indonesia. Prevention efforts can be carried out through the innovation of functional foods based on nutrient-rich local ingredients. This study aimed to determine the effect of porang flour substitution on the hedonic quality, toddler panelists’ acceptance, and nutritional composition of anchovy rice and straw mushroom nuggets. The study used an experimental design with three formulas: P1 (60% anchovy rice, 25% straw mushroom, 20% porang flour), P2 (60% anchovy rice, 20% straw mushroom, 25% porang flour), and P3 (60% anchovy rice, 15% straw mushroom, 30% porang flour). Hedonic and hedonic quality tests were conducted on 25 toddler panelists, while proximate analysis included moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrate content. The results showed that P1 obtained the highest scores and was most preferred in terms of color, aroma, taste, and texture. Proximate analysis also showed that P1 had the highest protein content (6.81%) with 65.82% moisture, 1.56% fat, 2.33% ash, 0.95% crude fiber, and 23.47% carbohydrates. Meanwhile, the increased substitution of porang flour in P3 reduced sensory quality and protein levels, although it increased fiber and carbohydrates. Therefore, P1 can be considered the best formula because it achieved the highest acceptance and provided more suitable nutrients to support the improvement of toddlers’ nutritional status. This study highlights that the utilization of local food ingredients such as anchovy rice, straw mushrooms, and porang flour has the potential to serve as an innovative strategy for stunting prevention.
Production and Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Dhoop from Orange Peels oil Hussaini, Ibrahim; Ibrahim, Hussaina Aminu; Musa, Abdullahi Jibril
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.77-81

Abstract

This study explores the extraction of limonene oil from orange peels using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether as the solvent, yielding 9.88%. The limonene oil was utilized to formulate a natural mosquito repellent dhoop by incorporating turmeric, camphor, and activated charcoal. Evaluation methods including cage tests, mosquito landing tests, fume tests, toxicity tests, and skin irritability tests demonstrated the dhoop’s effectiveness in repelling mosquitoes, its non toxic nature, and its safety for human use. Infrared (IR) spectral analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups, such as terpenoids and phenolic compounds, contributing to the dhoop’s repellant efficacy. The study highlights the potential of orange peel waste as a sustainable source for natural repellents, promoting eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic products. The findings underscore the dhoop’s effectiveness, safety, and environmental sustainability, offering a viable solution for mosquito control and waste valorization. Recommendations include scaling up production, optimizing formulations, and exploring additional applications of limonene oil.
Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) Gene in Apis cerana from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Budiarsa, I Made; Trianto, Manap; Akram, Akram; Windarsih, Yulia; Ashari, Abdul
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.39-44

Abstract

Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, supporting a wide range of pollinating insects, including honey bee species of the genus Apis. Among these, Apis cerana is the most widely managed species and contributes significantly to national honey production, particularly in Sulawesi. However, the increasing economic value of honey has led to frequent cases of entomological origin fraud, in which honey is falsely labeled as being produced by a different bee species. This study aimed to determine the entomological origin of honey sold in Central Sulawesi using the Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) gene as a molecular marker. Seven honey samples claimed as “forest honey” were analyzed through DNA extraction, PCR amplification using species-specific primers (CF-CR), and sequencing followed by BLAST-n analysis. All samples yielded high-quality DNA with purity ratios appropriate for PCR amplification. PCR successfully amplified the mrjp2 gene, producing fragments of approximately 201-208 bp, consistent with the expected size for A. cerana. Sequence analysis showed percent identity values ranging from 99.20% to 100% when compared with reference sequences of A. cerana. Based on molecular verification, three samples (H3, H5, and H7) did not match the seller’s claims and were confirmed to originate from A. cerana rather than A. dorsata binghami. These findings demonstrate that sequencing of the mrjp2 gene is an effective and reliable approach to authenticate the entomological origin of honey and to detect fraudulent labeling in commercial honey products.
Sustainable Valorization of Corncob Residues through Green Lignin Extraction for Functional Sunscreen Applications Pambudi, Teguh; Umam, Hilman Imadul; Rachmawati Putri, Fajar Amelia; Zuhri, Alifa Rahma; Salsabila S., Nanda Aurelia; Halimah, Melisa Nur; Bruning, Sheryl Ayesha; Vioniken, Elzandra Imola
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.119-125

Abstract

Corncob residues represent an abundant agricultural biomass rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer containing benzene and ketone functional groups, exhibits inherent ultraviolet (UV) absorption, positioning it as a promising bio-based ingredient for sustainable sunscreen formulations. In this study, lignin was extracted from corncob residues—comprising 18.5% hemicellulose, 23.5% cellulose, and 16.5% lignin—using a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) system composed of choline chloride and citric acid, and benchmarked against conventional alkaline extraction using NaOH. FTIR analysis revealed attenuated peak intensities in DES-extracted lignin, indicating lower recovery and partial structural alteration relative to the NaOH-derived counterpart. Extraction yields were 10.06% for the DES method and 16.19% for the NaOH method. Sunscreen formulations containing 2%, 3%, and 4% lignin exhibited appreciable UV absorption, particularly within the UVA region, with the highest performance observed at 4% lignin loading. These results highlight the feasibility of valorizing corncob biomass through environmentally benign lignin extraction to produce functional bio-based materials for sustainable sunscreen applications.

Page 52 of 52 | Total Record : 517

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