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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 666 Documents
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Density of Araceae in the Saluopa Waterfall Tourism Area, Wera Village, Poso Regency Gloria Indah; Samsurizal M Suleman; Aan Febriawan; Amelia Buntu; Lestari MP Alibasyah; Hayyatun Mawaddah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.%p

Abstract

Araceae is a group of herbaceous plants that grow on land (terrestrial), in water (aquatic), and by climbing on trees (epiphytic). Araceae plants are widely known by the community as ornamental plants commonly found in home gardens; however, they can also be found growing wild in forests. Tropical regions such as Indonesia provide highly suitable habitats for these plants. Approximately 90% of Araceae genera and 95% of their species occur in tropical areas. This study aimed to describe and determine the species density of plants belonging to the Araceae family in Saluopa Waterfall area, Wera Village, Poso Regency. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design using a survey method, with sampling conducted through the belt transect method. The population in this study consisted of all Araceae species found in the Saluopa Waterfall area, Wera Village. The sample included all Araceae individuals recorded along the observation transects. Documentation and specimen collection were carried out for each Araceae species to enable identification based on morphological characteristics, followed by density analysis. The results revealed 10 species belonging to the Araceae family, distributed across nine genera: Aglaonema, Colocasia, Dieffenbachia, Xanthosoma, Homalomena, Schismatoglottis, Rhaphidophora, Scindapsus, and Syngonium. The density values ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 individuals per meter, comprising ten species from nine different genera. The highest density species was Colocasia esculenta (0.24), followed by Homalomena rubescens (0.17) and Dieffenbachia seguine (0.13) while the lowest one was Schismatoglottis calyptrata (0.02).
Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mukalla City, Yemen: A Comparative Study of Rapid Cassette Test and Cobas e411 Hassan Pyar; Anwar Salem Al-Hussein; Amani A. Bin Nasser; Ahmed Bawazir; Noura Bawazir; Sarah O. Alsawmhi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.983-991

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that affects a wide range of mammals, including humans, which serve as intermediate hosts. This cross-sectional study enrolled 85 women during its initial stage. The second stage was the laboratory investigation that included the Cassette and Cobas e 411 tests. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in the study area was 58.82%. The seropositivity of anti-Toxoplasma IgG (58.82%) was higher than that of anti-toxoplasma IgM (1.18%) by the Cobas test, whereas IgG-positive and IgM-positive cases accounted for 55.29% and 4.71%, respectively, by the Cassette test. This suggests that T. gondii IgG antibodies in women are a reflection of chronic or past infection, while IgM reflects recent and acute T. gondii infection. The highest seropositive rate (70%) was recorded in the age group 33-38. The low sero-positive rate (54.55%) was recorded in the age group 21-26. The present study revealed that 50 % statistic in the abortion results. The results show that women with one previous abortion had a high (53.85%) seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies. Higher sero-positive toxoplasmosis was recorded among women from Al-Deas zones (68.75%), revealing that the rate of infection among low-level women was high (75%). The ownership of animals in relation to the infection was studied. The highest seropositive rate was recorded among women who kept sheep and goats (71.43%), compared to 50% for cat owners, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is a major public health issue among the studied population in Yemen. The Cobas e411 system offers superior sensitivity over the cassette method for antibody detection. Community-wide educational programs emphasizing hygienic animal handling are recommended, alongside the adoption of highly accurate testing protocols to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Population Density and Distribution Pattern of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) in the Rice Field Ecosystem Sinta Sinta; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Rafiqah Rafiqah; Fatmah Dhafir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1121-1127

Abstract

The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is a freshwater mollusc species commonly found in rice field ecosystems and is recognized as one of the major pests of rice crops. This species possesses a high adaptive capacity and a rapid reproductive rate, allowing its population to increase rapidly and cause significant damage to rice plants. Nevertheless, the golden apple snail also has ecological roles and potential benefits, including serving as an alternative feed source for livestock and fish, as well as contributing to the decomposition of organic matter in aquatic environments. This study aimed to analyze the population density and distribution pattern of the golden apple snail in the rice fields of Dolago Padang Village, South Parigi District. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using a field survey method. Data were collected using a quadrat sampling technique with plot sizes of 2 × 2 m established at three different observation stations. The number of golden apple snail individuals within each plot was counted directly and subsequently analyzed to determine population density and distribution patterns using the Morisita Index. In addition, environmental parameters, including water temperature and pH, were measured. The results showed that a total of 90 golden apple snail individuals were recorded during the study. Population density ranged from 1 to 2 individuals/m², which was categorized as moderate. The distribution pattern of the golden apple snail at all observation stations was classified as uniform, as indicated by Morisita Index values below 1 (Id < 1). Environmental conditions, with temperatures ranging from 27–30°C and pH values between 6.5 and 7.2, were within the optimal range supporting the presence and development of the golden apple snail.
Anticancer Immunomodulatory Activity of Male Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) Through PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Modulation: An In Silico and In Vitro Study Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Rochmad Krissanjaya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1255-1263

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy targeting the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has shown remarkable clinical success; however, high costs and immune-related adverse effects remain major challenges. Natural products with immunomodulatory properties offer a promising alternative approach. Male papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) are traditionally used in herbal medicine, yet their potential role in immune checkpoint modulation remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer immunomodulatory activity of male papaya leaf extract through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway modulation using integrated in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction between major phytochemical compounds and PD-1/PD-L1 proteins. In vitro cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTT assay on cancer cell lines, while immunomodulatory effects were evaluated by measuring interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels using ELISA. PD-L1 protein expression in treated cancer cells was analyzed by Western blotting. The docking results demonstrated strong binding affinities of flavonoid compounds, particularly quercetin, toward PD-L1, involving key residues at the active binding site. The extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects with moderate IC50 values. Treatment with male papaya leaf extract significantly increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 secretion in immune cells and markedly downregulated PD-L1 protein expression in cancer cells. In conclusion, male papaya leaf extract exhibits promising anticancer immunomodulatory activity by modulating the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway. These findings highlight the potential of male papaya leaves as a natural source of immune checkpoint modulators and support further investigation for their development as complementary agents in cancer immunotherapy.
Impact of Polyherbal Extract (HAMACK) On Anti-Oxidative Markers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Induced Rats Chidimma Lilian Asadu; Robert Ikechukwu Uroko; Stanley Mary Ubenyi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.923-931

Abstract

The effects of a polyherbal extract, HAMACK, on antioxidant defences were assessed in with male albino rats with testosterone propionate-induced BPH. Thirty rats (148–156g) were acclimatized and grouped into 6. Group one served as the normal control (2 ml/kg distilled water), while BPH was induced in Group two. Group three received finasteride (5 mg/kg), Groups 4 and 5 were administered with 350 and 700 mg/kg HAMACK respectively, while Group 6 was administered 700 mg/kg alone. Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidise, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined as a marker of lipid peroxidation. BPH induction significantly (P< 0.0001) reduced antioxidative markers, with a concurrent increase in MDA, confirming oxidative stress. Treatment with finasteride and polyherbal extract significantly (P< 0.0001) restored antioxidant parameters and reduced MDA levels dose-dependently. Additionally, group administered with 700 mg/kg HAMACK alone exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, characterized by elevated antioxidant enzymes alongside reduced MDA. In summary, the polyherbal extract effectively ameliorates oxidative stress associated with BPH by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences and reducing lipid peroxidation. Its efficacy suggests strong potential therapy for oxidative stress-mediated prostate conditions.
Diversity of Butterfly (Suborder: Rhopalocera) in the Kapopo Grand Forest Park Area, Central Sulawesi Murni Ammalia; Abd Hakim Laenggeng; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Amalia Buntu; Fatmah Dhafir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1079-1086

Abstract

Butterflies are important components of biodiversity, serving as pollinators and environmental bioindicators. This study aimed to assess butterfly diversity (Suborder Rhopalocera) in the Kapopo Grand Forest Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using purposive sampling across three observation stations representing high-vegetation, low-vegetation, and riverine habitats. Data were collected through field surveys conducted during morning and afternoon observation periods, and species were identified based on morphological characteristics. Species diversity was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. A total of 26 butterfly species belonging to three families Nymphalidae, Pieridae, and Papilionidae were recorded, comprising 323 individuals. Nymphalidae was the most species-rich family with 13 species, followed by Pieridae (7 species) and Papilionidae (6 species). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H') was 1.5, indicating a moderate level of species diversity (1 <= H' <= 3). This result suggests that habitat conditions within the Kapopo Grand Forest Park remain relatively stable and suitable for sustaining butterfly populations. Variations in habitat characteristics among observation stations, particularly differences in vegetation structure and levels of human disturbance, influenced the distribution and abundance of butterfly species throughout the study area.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour Addition on Iron (Fe) and Vitamin A Levels of Crackers as a Healthy Snack Suriyanti Suriyanti; Abd Hakim Laenggeng; Musdalifah Nurdin; Masrianih Masrianih; I Nengah Kundera; Yulia Windarsih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1213-1221

Abstract

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf crackers are an innovative food product that can be utilized as a nutritious snack. Moringa is widely recognized as a superfood due to its high nutritional value, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals that provide various health benefits. In the context of improving community dietary patterns, these crackers may serve as a healthier snack alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation in increasing the iron (Fe) and vitamin A contents of crackers as a healthy snack alternative. The analyses were conducted using a spectrophotometric method with standard calibration curves to determine iron and vitamin A concentrations. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of Moringa leaf powder: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results showed that the addition of Moringa leaf powder significantly increased the iron content, from 0.67 mg/100 g in the control treatment to 3.05 mg/100 g at the highest concentration. Vitamin A content also increased with increasing levels of Moringa leaf supplementation, although the trend was not entirely linear due to the effects of processing on compound stability. The standard calibration curves demonstrated a linear relationship between concentration and absorbance, indicating that the analytical method was valid. These findings suggest that the incorporation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder effectively enhances the nutritional quality of crackers, particularly in terms of iron and vitamin A content, making them a promising healthy snack option.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of Areca Nut Ethanolic Extract Against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli using Broth Dilution Method Adrianz Mario Tethool; Claudius Hendraman B. Tobi; Mustika Endah Pratiwi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1037-1044

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is the global problems that continously develop. Two bacteria that are the most pathogenic are Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The AMR requires new strategies to address this health problem, including the development of new drugs from natural products. Through this study, we aimed to discovering the antibacterial activity of Areca Nuts against S. mutans and E. coli as potential new antibiotics from natural products. The study begin with extration process, then continued with characterization of extract, bacteria identification, and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). This study obtained the yield percentage of extract was qualified the standard reference (28.95%). The characterization of extract showed the extract meet the qualification based on loss on drying, water content, ash content and total count plate parameters. The MIC values of Areca Nut ethanolic extract against S. mutans is 250 ppm and against E. coli is 62.5 ppm. The MBC values of Areca Nut ethanolic extract against S. mutans is 500 ppm and against E. coli is 62.5 ppm. The result show the ethanol extract of areca nut seeds has antibacterial activity with bactericidal properties, where the ethanol extract of areca nut seeds is more effective against E. coli bacteria than S. mutans bacteria.
Morphological and Cytological Characteristics of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Induced by Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) Extract Tri Wulandari; Ika Listiana; Ovi Prasetya Winandari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1171-1176

Abstract

Polyploidy is commonly induced using antimitotic agents such as colchicine, which is imported and relatively expensive, therefore, alternative antimitotic agents derived from local resources are needed. There are three main classes of antimitotic agents: taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and colchicine. Taxanes are obtained only from the bark of the western yew plant, colchicine is derived from Colchicum autumnale L., and vinca alkaloids are obtained from the tapak dara plant (Catharanthus roseus).  Therefore, the tapak dara plant has great potential as a source of antimitotic agents other than colchicine. This study aimed to determine the effect of tapak dara flower extract on the morphological and cytological characteristics of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The research used a completely randomized design with four treatment levels and five replications: P0 = control treatment, P1 = 0.05% concentration, P2 = 0.1% concentration, and P3 = 0.15% concentration, with a soaking duration of 10 hours. The observed parameters included germination percentage (%), plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and chromosome number. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% significance level. The results showed significant effects on the number of leaves, number of flowers, and chromosome number. Treatment P1, with a concentration of 0.05%, was the best treatment.
Streptozotocin-deoxycorticosterone Acetate-induced Haematotoxicity, Hepatorenal Damage and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic-hypertensive rats: Protective Role of Losartan, Metformin and Glibenclamide Combination Therapy Emuesiri Goodies Moke; Benneth Ben-Azu; Emuesiri Kohworho Umukoro; Peace Omewomano Onyilo; Paul Chinwuba; Onos Onoriode Emoyan; Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna; Ighodaro Igbe; Eric Kelly I Omogbai
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.993-1002

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension frequently coexist, exacerbating organ damage. This study investigated the protective effects of combination therapy with losartan (L), metformin (M), and glibenclamide (G) against Streptozotocin-deoxycorticosterone acetate (STZ/DOCA)-induced injuries in a diabetic-hypertensive rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, STZ/DOCA control, and three treatment groups receiving L+M (LM), L+G (LG), or L+M+G (LMG). Hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological analyses were performed after 8 weeks. STZ/DOCA administration induced significant hematotoxicity, hepatorenal dysfunction, and oxidative stress, evidenced by altered blood parameters, elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT), increased urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA), alongside reduced antioxidants (GSH, SOD). Histopathology revealed severe hepatic and renal damage. All treatments provided protection, with the LMG combination showing the most comprehensive amelioration of all measured parameters and the best preservation of liver and kidney architecture. Triple therapy with losartan, metformin, and glibenclamide demonstrated superior synergistic protection against combined diabetic-hypertensive organ damage, highlighting its potential therapeutic promise for this complex comorbidity

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