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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 609 Documents
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Anatomical Characteristics and Fiber Morphology of Palmyra Wood (Borassus Flabellifer L.) Originating from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province Rynaldo Davinsy; Adrin Adrin; Lora Septrianda Putri; Melkianus Pobas; Luisa Moi Manek; Ni Kade Ayu Dewi Aryani; Mahardika Putra Purba; Emi Renoat; Yudhistira Ardhyana Nugraha Rua Ora; Ika Kristinawanti; Kristianto Wibison So; Yakub Benu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.685-691

Abstract

Palmyra wood (Borassus flabellifer L) is a widely distributed palm species in tropical Asia, including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Its wood has potential applications in construction, handicrafts, and bioenergy, making anatomical and fiber morphology studies essential for understanding its value and utilization. This research used palmyra wood samples from Timor Island, Kupang, in the form of discs with a diameter of approximately 30 cm, taken from the base, middle, and upper parts of the stem. Test specimens were prepared in 2 × 2 × 5 cm dimensions, and analyses were conducted following standard procedures. The results revealed that palmyra wood possesses anatomical characteristics typical of palms, namely collateral closed-type vascular bundles irregularly scattered within parenchymatous ground tissue, with phloem located outside the xylem. Fiber morphology exhibited a gradual reduction in dimensions from the base to the tip of the stem, with fiber diameters ranging from 38.48 to 15.64 µm, wall thickness from 17.09 to 6.92 µm, and lumen diameters from 13.02 to 5.42 µm. The number of vascular bundles also decreased from 3.0 at the base to 1.21 at the tip, with bundle density ranging from 0.49 to 0.20/mm². Overall, palmyra wood exhibits stronger mechanical properties at the base of the trunk, as demonstrated by the anatomy and morphology of its fibers, thus increasing its biological durability. These findings highlight its potential as a structural material, craft resource, and bioenergy feedstock in dryland regions such as NTT.
Antibacterial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Cassava Tape Against Salmonella typhi Ezra Eklesia; Hanasia Hanasia; Ravenalla Abdurrahman Al Hakim Sampurna Putra S; Oktaviani Naulita Turnip; Margaretha Yayu Indah Anugerahny
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.771-777

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional fermented foods, such as cassava tape, are known to produce metabolic compounds with potential inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify LAB isolated from cassava tape and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). This research was a descriptive experimental study using cassava tape samples obtained from three traditional markets in Palangka Raya City. LAB isolation was performed on de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar supplemented with 1% calcium carbonate (CaCO3), followed by macroscopic and microscopic observations and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was conducted using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Antibacterial activity against S. typhi ATCC 14028 was evaluated using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Three isolates were successfully obtained and coded as S1, S2, and S3. Molecular identification revealed that isolates S1 and S3 were identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum, whereas isolate S2 was identified as Myroides phaeus and classified as a non-LAB. Antibacterial activity assays showed that none of the isolates produced inhibition zones against S. typhi at all tested concentrations. These results indicate that cassava tape contains LAB dominated by L. fermentum; however, under the experimental conditions of this study, the isolates did not exhibit antibacterial activity against S. typhi.
Floristic and ethnobotanical diversity of plants used in traditional craftsmanship in the Kimvula Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo Lemmy Lassa; Guy Ilumbe; Jean Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua; Blaise Bikandu; Monizi Mawunu; Jean Pierre Habari; Apollinaire Biloso; Da Musa Masens; Félicien Lukoki
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.645-654

Abstract

The Kimvula Territory in the Democratic Republic of the Congo exhibits intensive use of forest plants in traditional craftsmanship, encompassing agricultural tools, furniture, and household artefacts. This ethnobotanical investigation (2014–2016), based on structured interviews and field observations, aimed to document and analyse indigenous knowledge related to artisanal plant use. A total of 76 species belonging to 67 genera and 32 families were recorded, with Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Marantaceae, and Rubiaceae being the most represented families. Prominent species included Elaeis guineensis, Eremospatha haullevilleana, Raphia spp., Alstonia congensis, and Ricinodendron heudelotii, with stems identified as the most commonly used plant part. Millettia laurentii exhibited the highest ethnobotanical use value, while several species showed strong consensus among respondents. Variation in species use between communities reflected both ecological availability and socio-cultural preferences. These findings highlight the pivotal role of forest biodiversity in sustaining rural livelihoods and preserving traditional craftsmanship. They further emphasize the need to integrate indigenous knowledge into conservation planning and sustainable resource management strategies across the Congo Basin.
Population Estimation and Habitat Characteristics of Anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi Dirham Dirham; Ongky Ongky; Manap Trianto; Yunita Messe
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.731-738

Abstract

The anoa is a dwarf buffalo endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and several surrounding offshore islands. Despite its relatively small body size compared to other wild cattle, it is the largest wild terrestrial mammal native to Sulawesi. This study aims to estimate the population size and density of the anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi, and to analyze the habitat characteristics that influence its distribution and occurrence. This project began with an information survey conducted from 8–15 June 2024 involving nature enthusiast groups (university student nature clubs) and local communities regarding the presence of the anoa on Mount Kondoruang. Data collection was carried out from 17–28 August 2024. Mount Kondoruang, also known as Kandela in Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mount Kondoruang has an elevation of 2,870 meters above sea level and features diverse topography, ranging from hilly areas to mountainous terrain with slopes exceeding 15°, and is therefore designated as a Protected Forest area. The ecosystem types of Mount Kondoruang include savanna, lowland forest, lower montane forest, and upper montane forest. Mount Kondoruang remains an important habitat for the anoa, with individuals predominantly found in sub-montane forests. Habitat characteristics, particularly vegetation structure, elevation, temperature, and humidity, strongly influence its distribution. The limited population size and low juvenile detection indicate potential vulnerability, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and strengthened conservation efforts to ensure the species’ long-term survival.
Virulence Factors of Gastrointestinal Pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Proteus mirabilis Targeted by Luteolin: A Microbioinformatics Study Muhammad Sulthan Rizqy Syamsuddin; Rian Ka Praja; Nawan Nawan; Astrid Teresa; Agnes Frethernety
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.861-880

Abstract

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid with broad-spectrum antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties, making it a promising antivirulence candidate against gastrointestinal pathogens such as Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Salmonella enterica CT18, and Proteus mirabilis HI4320. The increasing global burden of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternative strategies targeting virulence rather than bacterial viability. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of luteolin with virulence-associated proteins of these pathogens using a microbioinformatics-based approach. Protein–compound interaction networks were analyzed using STITCH v5.0, and the resulting FASTA sequences were evaluated using VICMPred, VirulentPred, BepiPred v1.0, MHC I and II Binding Predictions, and PSORTb v3.0 to determine functional classes, virulence potential, immunogenic epitopes, and subcellular localization. The analysis identified multiple virulent proteins targeted by luteolin in each pathogen: cirA, ECs4935, yedX, rbbA, pykA, and pykF in E. coli; fepA, iroN, iroB, sitA, and pykF in S. enterica; and ireA and PMI2409 in P. mirabilis. These proteins are associated with outer membrane iron acquisition, epithelial adhesion, energy metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Epitope prediction revealed numerous high-scoring B-cell and T-cell binding regions across all virulent proteins, indicating strong immunogenic potential, while subcellular localization analysis showed dominant outer membrane positioning for siderophore receptors and cytoplasmic localization for metabolic enzymes. The collective findings demonstrate that luteolin may exert antivirulence effects by interfering with iron uptake systems, destabilizing membrane-associated processes, and disrupting metabolic pathways essential for colonization and persistence, supporting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent against enteric bacterial infections.
Formulation and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Liquid Soap Containing SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) and Kombucha from Tea and Lemongrass Meta Yuliana; Novin Teristiandi; Aisya Tria Fitriani; Robiatul Adawiyah; Sonia Sonia; Aulia Juniarti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.815-822

Abstract

Kombucha soap has the ability to inhibit pathogenic microbes. However, the production of soap, particularly kombucha liquid soap, has so far only utilized the kombucha broth. SCOBY, formed from the symbiosis of fungi and bacteria during kombucha fermentation, has potential health benefits, yet its application as an active ingredient in liquid soap has not been explored. This study aimed to formulate liquid soap containing SCOBY and kombucha as active ingredients and to evaluate its antibacterial and antifungal activities. Kombucha was prepared using two fermentation treatments: green tea fermentation (K1) and a combination of green tea with lemongrass decoction (K2). The resulting kombucha broth and SCOBY from each fermentation were used as active ingredients in liquid soap formulations with the following variations: 10% kombucha (K.K), 10% kombucha + 10% SCOBY (K.K+S), and 10% SCOBY (K.S). Each liquid soap was evaluated for its organoleptic properties, hedonic acceptance, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.The results showed that the best treatment was the liquid soap containing 10% kombucha + 10% SCOBY from green tea fermentation (K1), which exhibited inhibition zones of 1.75 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 7 mm against Escherichia coli, and 6 mm against Candida albicans. In contrast, the liquid soaps containing 10% kombucha from green tea fermentation (K1) and the combination of green tea and lemongrass fermentation (K2) showed no inhibitory effect against Candida albicans. These findings indicate that the addition of SCOBY as an active ingredient can enhance the antimicrobial properties of liquid soap, particularly in inhibiting pathogenic fungi.
Effects of Red Coconut Tembuluk (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) Extract on Uric Acid Level Reduction in Mice (Mus musculus) Sukmawati Sukmawati; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Fatmah Dhafir; I Nengah Kundera
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.693-698

Abstract

Increased levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to metabolic disorders such as gouty arthritis, which require effective management. This study aimed to determine the effect of red coconut tembuluk extract (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) on reducing uric acid levels in mice (Mus musculus). The study employed an experimental research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A total of 28 mice were used, divided into seven groups with four replications each. The groups consisted of a normal control group (KN), which received food and water ad libitum; a negative control group (K+); a positive control group (K-); and four treatment groups (PI, PII, PIII, and PIV). The negative control group (K+), positive control group (K-), and all treatment groups were induced with lard oil for 14 days to increase uric acid levels. The positive control group (K?) was treated with allopurinol at a dose of 0.026 mg per 20 g body weight. The normal control (KN) and negative control (K+) groups received food and water ad libitum without extract administration. Treatment group PI received 10% red coconut tembuluk extract, PII received 20%, PIII received 40%, and PIV received 80%. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that administration of red coconut tembuluk extract significantly reduced uric acid levels in mice induced with lard oil. The most effective concentration in reducing uric acid levels was 80% (PIV), with an average uric acid level of 5.4 mg/dL.
Identification of Escherichia coli in Gado-Gado Sold Around Tadulako University Nur Amal; I Nengah Kundera; Syech Zainal; Yulia Windarsih; Rafiqa Rafiqa; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.779-786

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that has the potential to contaminate food. Certain strains of E. coli exhibit pathogenic properties and may cause infections in hosts. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is a critical concern in food safety. This study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli in gado-gado sold in the canteens of Tadulako University. This research employed a descriptive exploratory laboratory approach. Samples were collected from five different canteens using random sampling techniques. Microbiological analyses were conducted using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, Total Plate Count (TPC), Gram staining, cultivation on selective Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar. The results showed that the average Most Probable Number was 4,900 MPN /mL of sample, while the Total Plate Count averaged 35,800 CFU/mL. This TPC value exceeds the standard set by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) of 104 CFU/g, indicating that the food products do not meet the required health standards. Confirmatory tests on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar showed colony growth with a metallic green sheen and reddish coloration, characteristic of Gram-negative bacilli. Biochemical testing on Triple Sugar Iron Agar yielded positive results consistent with the biochemical characteristics of E. coli. Therefore, the findings confirm the presence of E. coli in the analyzed samples.
Density of Araceae in the River Basin Area of Lawua Village, South Kulawi District, Sigi Regency Nurfitriani Nurfitriani; Samsurizal M Suleman; Moh Sabran; Isnainar Isnainar; Amalia Buntu; Musdalifah Nurdin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.655-661

Abstract

Araceae are herbaceous plants belonging to the monocotyledonous group of Angiosperms. They exhibit distinct morphological characteristics in their roots, stems, and leaves, and are generally herbaceous, with plant heights ranging from 90 to 180 cm. These plants hold significant economic and ecological value, as they are utilized as ornamental plants, food sources, and medicinal resources. This study aimed to identify and analyze the density of Araceae in the river basin area of Lawua Village, South Kulawi District, Sigi Regency. The research employed a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach, with sampling conducted using the belt transect method across three different observation stations. Observations involved counting and recording the number of individuals of each Araceae species within the transect paths. Additionally, each species was documented, and samples were collected for identification based on their morphological characteristics, followed by density analysis. Overall, the study identified 16 Araceae species across 11 genera. These genera include: Alocasia (1 species), Colocasia (3 species), Dieffenbachia (1 species), Epipremnum (1 species), Homalomena (1 species), Pistia (1 species), Rhaphidophora (1 species), Scindapsus (2 species), Schismatoglottis (3 species), Spathiphyllum (1 species), and Syngonium (1 species). The overall density ranged from low to moderate, between 7 and 1,737 individuals, with abiotic conditions including an average temperature of 28 °C, humidity of 62.33%, light intensity of 2,998 Cd, and soil pH of 5.9. These findings provide valuable baseline data for the conservation and sustainable management of Araceae species in tropical riverine ecosystems.

Page 61 of 61 | Total Record : 609

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