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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 666 Documents
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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Mimosa pudica Linn. Leaf Extract Combined with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Against Human Colorectal Cancer HCT116 Cell Rahmad Fajral Ilhami; Dian Pertiwi; Dessy Arisanty; Yanti Rahayu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1129-1138

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The limitations of conventional therapies, including systemic toxicity and drug resistance, have driven the exploration of alternative therapeutic agents derived from natural products. Mimosa pudica Linn. leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, their clinical application is limited by poor biopharmaceutical characteristics. The combination of Mimosa pudica leaf extract with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is expected to enhance its biological efficacy through nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. This study was conducted as an in vitro experimental investigation. Mimosa pudica Linn. leaf extract was prepared using an extraction method and subsequently combined with silver nanoparticles. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, with ascorbic acid serving as a positive control. Cytotoxic activity against the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 was assessed using the MTT assay to determine cell viability and IC50 values. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences among treatment groups. The results demonstrated that Mimosa pudica Linn. leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, although it was lower than that of ascorbic acid. In cytotoxicity assays, the leaf extract reduced HCT116 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the combination of Mimosa pudica leaf extract with silver nanoparticles produced a more pronounced cytotoxic effect compared to the extract alone, as indicated by a greater reduction in cell viability and lower IC50 values. In conclusion, Mimosa pudica Linn. leaf extract possesses antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Its combination with silver nanoparticles enhances cytotoxic potency, highlighting its potential as a nanomedicine-based anticancer candidate for colorectal cancer therapy.
Nest Associated Mites (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) of Stingless Bee Tetragonula fuscobalteata in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Nurly Maftukhah; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Rafiqah Rafiqah; Fatmah Dhafir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1265-1271

Abstract

Stingless bees are essential pollinators in tropical ecosystems and play an important role in sustaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity. In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Tetragonula fuscobalteata is widely cultivated in small-scale meliponiculture systems. However, information regarding mites associated with its nests remains limited. This study aimed to identify and describe nest-associated mites found in T. fuscobalteata colonies. The research was conducted in Dolago Village, Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. Nest samples were collected from five active colonies. Mites were observed under a stereo microscope, collected using a fine brush, and mounted on slides with polyvinyl alcohol. Identification was based on morphological characteristics using standard taxonomic keys, and morphometric measurements were obtained using Image Raster 3.0. All specimens were identified as deutonymphs of the genus Saproglyphus (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae). Mites were found in storage pots and cerumen structures but were absent from brood cells. The deutonymphs exhibited a well-developed sucker plate, reduced chelicerae, and fused coxae III, indicating phoretic adaptation. The mean body length was 192.72 ± 22.14 µm and width was 145.78 ± 12.62 µm. These findings provide baseline data on mite associations in T. fuscobalteata nests and contribute to understanding arthropod interactions in meliponiculture systems.
Optimizing a Synergistic Bacterial Consortium for the Bioremediation of Multi-Metal Contaminated Soils in Jimeta, Nigeria Abubakar Isah Muhammad; Faisal Bello; Fidelis Fredrick Umaru; Adamu Magaji Bappa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.933-945

Abstract

Soil contamination with anthropogenic heavy metals presents a critical threat to ecosystem stability and public health, demanding the development of sustainable in-situ remediation technologies. This study engineered and optimized a synergistic bacterial consortium for bioaugmenting multi-metal-contaminated soil from an active scrap dump in Jimeta, Nigeria. We isolated and characterized indigenous, metal-resistant strains of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus, which exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations for chromium and other metals that far exceeded in-situ soil levels, confirming exceptional intrinsic tolerance. A systematic multivariate optimization of key abiotic factors defined the consortium's operational window, identifying neutral pH (7.0) and a mesophilic temperature of 30°C as optimal for peak bioremediation efficiency. While individual bacterial species achieved moderate metal removal (21.6–28.6%), the designed tertiary consortium demonstrated markedly superior performance, attaining 62.8% removal, a synergistic enhancement of approximately 125% over the mean axenic culture output. This significant boost is attributed to complementary microbial mechanisms, including partitioned detoxification pathways, syntrophic cross-feeding, and collective production of metal-chelating siderophores. Notably, these optimized conditions align with the prevailing edaphic parameters of tropical soils in Northern Nigeria, underscoring the ecological coherence and practical field applicability of this approach. The findings robustly validate the principle of functional microbial synergy for remediating complex polymetallic contamination. Consequently, this work establishes a scientific and technical foundation for transitioning consortium-based bioremediation from laboratory proof-of-concept to a predictable, scalable field technology. It advocates for a paradigm shift from conventional, reactive cleanup methods toward proactive, ecological engineering strategies that mitigate metal bioavailability, protect agro-ecosystems, and interrupt a key environmental determinant of chronic disease.
Diversity of Freshwater Shrimp in Toaya Village, Sindue District, Donggala Regency Based on Phenotypic Data Risnawati Risnawati; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; I Nengah Kundera; Yulia Windarsih; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1087-1094

Abstract

Freshwater shrimp are aquatic resources that play important ecological and economic roles and exhibit considerable species diversity, characterized by variations in phenotypic traits. Information regarding the diversity of freshwater shrimp species and phenotypic variation in Toaya Village remains limited; consequently, data on the level of phenotypic diversity among species are still largely unavailable. This study aimed to identify the diversity of freshwater shrimp species and analyze their phenotypic characteristics, including morphometric and meristic traits, using a multivariate analytical approach. This research employed a descriptive-exploratory design with random sampling conducted across three observation stations. The collected freshwater shrimp specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics using established scientific literature as references and were subsequently measured using 40 phenotypic characters. The resulting data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The results revealed the presence of four freshwater shrimp species, namely Macrobrachium mammilodactylus, Macrobrachium empulipke, Macrobrachium equidens, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These four species exhibited a phylogenetic relationship with a similarity coefficient of approximately 0.78. At the species level, individuals showed high phenotypic similarity (0.97–0.98), reflecting the consistency of phenotypic traits within each species. Principal Component Analysis demonstrated that the first two principal components accounted for the majority of phenotypic variation, with the greatest contributions originating from specific morphometric and meristic characters. This study concludes that the multivariate analytical approach applied was both effective and efficient in revealing diversity patterns based on phenotypic characteristics.
Diversity of Insect Species on Bird's Eye Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Tudua Village, Morowali Regency Nurul Amna Moh Said; Fatmah Dhafir; Syech Zainal; Manap Trianto; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Masrianih Masrianih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1223-1229

Abstract

Insects are the most diverse group of living organisms, accounting for nearly 80% of all known animal species. They belong to the phylum Arthropoda and exhibit a wide range of morphological characteristics. Insects can be found in almost all habitats, ranging from lush tropical rainforests to harsh deserts, as well as aquatic environments such as rivers and lakes. This study aimed to identify and describe insect species associated with bird's eye chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Tudua Village. The research was conducted in October 2025. The study sites were selected using purposive sampling, with three observation plots measuring 10 × 10 m each. Insect samples were collected using a combination of sweeping nets, pitfall traps, light traps, and yellow traps. The collected specimens were identified based on their morphological characteristics up to the order, family, genus, or species level and were analyzed descriptively to determine their ecological roles within the agroecosystem. The results revealed a total of 29 insect species belonging to eight orders: Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Blattodea. The identified insects exhibited diverse ecological roles, including pests, herbivores, predators, pollinators, and decomposers. Members of the order Hemiptera and some species of Coleoptera were the most commonly encountered pest groups. Meanwhile, Araneae, Hymenoptera, and Odonata functioned as natural predators, Lepidoptera acted as pollinators, and Blattodea served as decomposers. The presence and distribution of insects were influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil pH.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera) in Rice Field Ecosystems of Parigi Moutong Regency Based on Morphological Characters Mia Pinasti Azizah; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; I Nengah Kundera; Abdul Ashari; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1045-1053

Abstract

Grasshoppers are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera, which comprises a highly diverse group of species distributed across various ecosystems, including agricultural habitats such as rice fields. This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among Orthopteran grasshoppers inhabiting rice field ecosystems in Parigi Moutong Regency based on morphological characters and to describe the clustering patterns of the species identified in the area. Sampling was conducted in rice fields using an exploratory survey method with free collection techniques. Species identification was carried out through the examination of morphological characteristics using biodiversity references and taxonomic identification keys. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) implemented in the PAleontological STatistics software (PAST 4.03), while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and visualized in a biplot to support the clustering results. A total of nine grasshopper species were identified: Phaneroptera falcata, Oxytauchira brachyptera, Scudderia texensis, Atractomorpha crenulata, Tettigonia viridissima, Conocephalus fuscus, Phlaeoba infumata, Oxya serville, and Phlaeoba fumosa. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the species into two major clusters with three levels of relationship. A very close relationship was observed between Phlaeoba infumata and Phlaeoba fumosa (similarity index [SI] = 91%). A close relationship was found between the subclusters consisting of Atractomorpha crenulata, Phlaeoba infumata, and Phlaeoba fumosa, and those consisting of Oxytauchira brachyptera and Oxya serville (SI = 62%). In contrast, a more distant relationship was observed between Conocephalus fuscus and the group comprising Scudderia texensis, Phaneroptera falcata, and Tettigonia viridissima (SI = 47%). These phylogenetic patterns were supported by the PCA biplot, in which P. fumosa, P. infumata, O. serville, and O. brachyptera were positioned within the same component, whereas S. texensis, P. falcata, and T. viridissima occupied different regions, and C. fuscus was clearly separated from the other species. This study provides scientific information on morphology-based phylogenetic relationships among grasshopper species in rice field ecosystems, which may serve as a foundation for taxonomic studies and as a reference for biology education concerning grasshopper phylogeny.
Development of Ethanol Extract Combination of Red Shoot Leaves (Syzygium myrtifolium) and Bilimbi Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) as an Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Agent in Acne Spot Formulation Micha Mahardika; Isna Lailatusholihah; Miftahul Jannah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.%p

Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium and the primary causative agent of acne, which is commonly treated with the antibiotic clindamycin. However, inappropriate use of clindamycin can lead to bacterial resistance. This study explores a natural therapeutic alternative using a combined ethanol extract of red shoot leaves (Syzygium myrtifolium) and bilimbi leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), formulated into an acne spot gel preparation. The objectives of this research were to identify secondary metabolites and to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the combined extract against P. acnes. Qualitative phytochemical screening, FTIR analysis, and antibacterial activity assays using the disk diffusion method at concentrations of 2.5–10% were conducted to evaluate both the extract and the gel preparation. The results confirmed the presence of flavonoids with O–H (3000–3500 cm-¹), C–O, and C=O functional groups, which are associated with antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of the extract showed inhibition zones of 6.5–12 mm, proportionally correlated with concentration. Meanwhile, the acne spot gel containing 17.5% of the combined extract exhibited an inhibition zone of 18.5 mm, greater than that of the commercial product (Wardah acne spot, 15.2 mm), indicating strong inhibitory activity (10–20 mm). Quality evaluation of the gel preparation demonstrated that pH, viscosity, and spreadability complied with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 16-4399-1996) requirements.
Analysis of Flavonoid and Tannin Contents in Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) Extract Adi Fahri; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti; Fatmah Dhafir; Masrianih Masrianih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1003-1009

Abstract

Pumpkin is one of the herbal plants that possesses various medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its seeds. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in pumpkin seed extract using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Qualitative analysis was conducted through color reaction tests using several specific reagents to identify the presence of flavonoid and tannin compounds. Quantitative analysis was performed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method based on standard solution calibration curves to determine the concentration of each compound. The qualitative test results indicated that the pumpkin seed extract positively contained flavonoids and tannins, as evidenced by the formation of specific color changes in each test. The quantitative analysis showed that the average flavonoid content was 9.34 mg/g, while the average tannin content was 9.42 mg/g. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that pumpkin seed extract contains high levels of flavonoid and tannin compounds, indicating its potential as a natural source of antioxidants. This study is expected to serve as a basis for further development regarding the potential utilization of pumpkin seeds with pharmacological effects.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Male Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) on Interferon-gamma and Interleukin-6 Levels in an In Vivo Viral Infection Model Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Rochmad Krissanjaya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1139-1143

Abstract

Viral infections pose a significant challenge to global health due to their ability to disrupt immune homeostasis and trigger excessive inflammatory responses. Immunomodulatory agents that enhance antiviral immunity while controlling inflammation are therefore essential. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of male papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) on Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in an in vivo viral infection model. Male papaya leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol and administered orally to virus-infected Wistar rats at two different doses for 14 days. Serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that viral infection significantly decreased IFN-gamma levels and increased IL-6 levels compared to the normal control. Treatment with male papaya leaf extract resulted in a dose-dependent increase in IFN-gamma and a significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to the negative control group. The high-dose extract group showed the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect, comparable to or exceeding that of the positive control. These findings indicate that male papaya leaf extract has potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent by enhancing antiviral immune responses and suppressing excessive inflammation. Further studies are recommended to explore its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
Chemical Compound Profile of Infusion from Crescentia cujete Fruit Peel and Toxicity Test against Artemia sallina Leach Rahma Diyan Martha; Maya Sri Ashira; Choirul Huda; Danar Danar
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1273-1277

Abstract

Cancer is one of the top causes of death around the world, thus we need to make safer and more selective anticancer drugs from natural sources. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical constituents and evaluate the toxicity of infusions derived from the fruit peel of Crescentia cujete L., a potential bioactive candidate. Samples were botanically identified, prepared as infusions using a water-heating method (1:10 w/v), then concentrated and analysed by phytochemical screening, LC–MS, and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) on Artemia salina larvae at concentrations of 25–2000 ppm. Screening results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins The LC-MS analysis showed 105 compounds, and the main alkaloid was marmeline (m/z 351.1834). The BSLT test resulted in an LC50 of 187.15 ppm, indicating moderate toxicity and potential for bioactivity or cytotoxicity. The correlation between alkaloid dominance and the LC50 value suggests that the C. cujete fruit peel infusion has potential for further development as a source of natural-based anticancer compound candidates.

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