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Elkawnie
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
ISSN : 24608912     EISSN : 24608920     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering
Elkawnie is a journal of Integration Science and Technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the field of study of Architecture, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, ICT, Physical Engineering and other science and technology field. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses the development of research and technology in contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 220 Documents
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Toxicity Test Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method on Extracts of Stem Bark, Stem Wood, and Leaves on Bayur (Pterospermum diversifolium B. Rob.) Zakaria, Zakaria; Soekamto, Nunuk Hariani; Dali, Nasriadi; Amalia, Hilda Ayu Melvi; Syarifuddin, Syamsidar Haji
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.20380

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnobotanically, the leaves of P. diversifolium are used as a medicine for itching and the root bark is used as fish poison. The traditional use of natural materials should be followed by scientific studies. This study aims to determine the toxicity of the stem bark, stem wood, and leaf tissue extracts of P. diversifolium using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction using maceration method with ethanol solvent for 3 x 24 hours. The macerate was filtered and the extract obtained was evaporated until a crude extract was obtained. The three ethanol extracts obtained were tested for toxicity and obtained LC50 values of stem bark = 4,753 ppm, stem wood = 97,723 ppm, and leaves = 27,797 ppm. All extracts were declared non-toxic because the LC50 value was more than 1000 ppm.Abstrak: Secara etnobotani, daun P. diversifolium digunakan sebagai obat gatal serta kulit akarnya sebagai racun ikan. Penggunaan bahan alam secara tradisional seharusnya diikuti kajian ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas pada ekstrak jaringan kulit batang, kayu batang, dan daun P.diversifolium dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol selama 3 x 24 jam. Maserat disaring dan ekstrak yang peroleh dievaporasi sampai didapatkan ekstrak kental. Ketiga ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh diuji toksisitasnya dan diperoleh nilai LC50 kulit batang = 4.753 ppm, kayu batang = 97.723 ppm, dan daun = 27.797 ppm. Semua ekstrak dinyatakan tidak toksik karena nilai LC50 lebih dari 1.000 ppm.
Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature Aulia, Muhammad Rizqi; Agustriana, Eva; Fitri, Lenni
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.16724

Abstract

Abstract: The demand for enzymes as biocatalysts in industry is very high. Research and development of different types of enzymes from different sources has started. One very important enzyme to study is the enzyme lipase. Lipase enzymes are enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Lipases are found in a variety of sources including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Marine microorganisms, including marine actinobacteria, cannot be separated from this enzyme source's research and development process. The purpose of this study was to obtain a test protocol and optimal pH and temperature conditions for the hydrolysis reaction by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria. Optimal pH and temperature conditions for hydrolysis reactions by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria using spectrophotometry at different pH values and different temperatures of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C are measured at a wavelength of 405 nm. The results showed that the activity of the lipase enzyme at pH 9 with Tris-HCl buffer was the optimum pH, and the temperature of 70°C was the optimum temperature for the lipase hydrolysis reaction of marine actinobacteria.Abstrak: Kebutuhan enzim sebagai biokatalisator dalam bidang industri sangat tinggi. Berbagai macam enzim dari beragam sumber sudah mulai diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu enzim yang sangat penting untuk diteliti adalah enzim lipase. Enzim lipase merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase yang mengkatalis proses hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Lipase dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber seperti pada hewan, tumbuhan, dan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme laut tidak terlepas dari proses penelitian dan pengembangan sumber enzim ini termasuk Actinobacteria laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh protokol uji dan kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis oleh enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut. Kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis oleh enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode spektrofotometri pada variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, dan 10 dan variasi suhu 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, dan 90°C diukur pada Panjang gelombang 405 nm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim lipase pada pH 9 menggunakan buffer Tris HCl merupakan pH optimum dan temperatur 70°C merupakan temperature optimum reaksi hidrolisis enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut.
The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality Setianingsih, Tri Yuli; Fitri, Safira; Wahyono, Daniel Joko; Setiawaty, Vivi
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.23062

Abstract

Abstract: The existing DNA extraction process for Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs a pretreatment step that may not function at its full potential. This inefficient process led to complications in subsequent analysis; thus, it is necessary to determine the successful extraction method with or without adding a pretreatment step. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature pretreatment on the extraction method of M. tuberculosis on the quality of DNA for WGS examination. The research design was analytically descriptive with a kit-based extraction method from ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. The results of this study were that DNA purity did not differ (p = 0.959) between the pretreatment heating at 950 °C (2.88) and no heating at 950 °C (2.46). DNA concentration did not differ (p-value = 0.111) between pretreatment heating 950C (0.416 ng/µL) and no heating 950C (0.653 ng/µL). The relatively low DNA concentration resulted in the DNA bands not being visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). In conclusion, our study showed that the pretreatment heating step on M. tuberculosis DNA extraction does not affect DNA purity, concentration, or integrity. This inefficiency step can be discarded from the M. tuberculosis DNA extraction process to simplify the extraction processing. However, other extraction kit approaches need to be explored in future studies.Abstrak: Proses ekstraksi DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang saat ini dilakukan memerlukan pretreatment yang mungkin tidak berpengaruh secara optimal. Proses yang tidak efisiensi berpengaruh terhadap analisis selanjutnya, sehingga perlu untuk mengetahui keberhasilan metode ekstraksi dengan penambahan proses pretreatment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment suhu pada metode ekstraksi M. tuberkulosis terhadap kualitas DNA untuk pemeriksaan WGS. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode ekstraksi berbasis kit dari ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. Hasil penelitian adalah kemurnian DNA tidak berbeda (p=0,959) antara pretreatment pemanasan 950C (2,88) dengan tanpa pemanasan 950C (2,46). Konsentrasi DNA tidak berbeda (p value = 0,111) antara pretreatment pemanasan 950C (0,416 ng/µL) dengan tanpa pemanasan 950C (0,653 ng/µL). Konsentrasi DNA yang relatif rendah mengakibatkan pita DNA tidak tervisualisasi pada elektroforesis gel agarosa (0,8%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian  ini, bahwa langkah pemanasan awal pada ekstraksi DNA M. tuberkulosis tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemurnian, konsentrasi, dan integritas DNA. Langkah ini dapat dihilangkan dari proses ekstraksi DNA M. tuberkulosis untuk menyederhanakan proses ekstraksi. Namun, pendekatan kit ekstraksi lainnya perlu dieksplorasi dalam penelitian selanjutnya
Chars From Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal Tandem Pyrolysis Carbonizations of Polyvinyl Chloride: Dechlorination Ability and Its Surface Characterization Muslem, Muslem; Nufus, Hayatun; Yulian, Muammar
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.25852

Abstract

Abstract: The hydrothermal carbonization method has been applied in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conversion. The polymer was transformed to char safely without the formation of harmful emissions. PVC's chlorine content was removed through a nucleophilic reaction by reactive subcritical water and captured by alkali ions as stable salt. The PVC bulk was dechlorinated and carbonized by subcritical water inside the hydrothermal reactor at 200 °C for 120 minutes. The solid chars obtained then were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Transmission Electron Microscope. As a comparison, the chars were also pyrolyzed further to obtain the thermal char characteristics. The char products obtained by hydrothermal (hydrochar) and hydrothermal-pyrolysis (hydro-pyrochar) yielded 94.96% and 48.08%, respectively. The infrared spectra showed that both hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar consist of aliphatic carbon and hydrophilic functional groups of C=O and OH. The morphological images observed by Scanning Electron Microscope on the magnification of 3000x showed the smooth granular particle for hydrochar and the irregular rough particle for hydro-pyrochar. The chlorine contents from surface analysis by energy dispersive X-ray in hydrochar were decreased down to 23.24 mass percentage from 56.80 mass percentage in PVC, while in hydro-pyrochar, there is no chlorine content observed in the particle surfaces. The particle images investigated by Transmission Electron Microscope revealed that the particle shape of hydrochar was granular while the hydro-pyrochar was cylindrical. The particle sizes of hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar were calculated in the range of 36-180 nm and 8-40 nm, respectively.Abstrak: Metode karbonisasi hidrotermal telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam konversi polivinil klorida (PVC). Polimer diubah menjadi arang dengan cara yang aman tanpa menghasilkan emisi berbahaya. Klorin dalam PVC dikeluarkan melalui reaksi nukleofilik oleh air subkritis yang reaktif dan ditangkap oleh ion alkali menjadi garam yang stabil. Serbuk PVC dideklorinasi dan dikarbonisasi oleh air subkritis didalam reaktor hidrotermal pada 200 °C selama 120 menit. Arang padat yang diperoleh selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-Ray dan Transmission Electron Microscope. Sebagian arang selanjutnya juga dipirolisis untuk mendapatkan arang dengan karakteristik arang pemanasan kering sebagai pembanding. Rendemen arang yang diperloleh secara hidrotermal (hidrochar) sebesar 94,96% dan secara hidrotermal-pirolisis (hydro-pyrochar) sebesar 48,08%. Spektra infra merah menunjukan bahwa kedua jenis arang tersebut mengandung karbon alifatik dan gugus fungsi hidrofilik C=O dan OH. Morfologi permukaan yang teramati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope pada pembesaran 3000x menunjukkan bahwa hidrochar merupakan partikel bulat yang lembut dan hidro-pirochar merupakan partikel kasar tidak beraturan. Analisis dispersi energi X-Ray menunjukkan bahwa persentase klorin pada hidrochar turun menjadi 23,24% (b/b) dari persentase awal klorin pada PVC sebesar 56,80% (b/b), sedangkan pada hidro-pirochar, tidak ada klorin yang terdeteksi pada permukaan partikel. Analisis Transmission Electron Microscope menunjukkan bahwa partikel hidrochar berbentuk bulat, sedangkan partikel hidro-pirochar berbentuk silinder. Ukuran partikel hidrochar berada pada rentang 36-180 nm sedangkan ukuran partikel hidro-pirochar berada pada rentang 8-40 nm.
Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study Solihah, Saniyatun Mar'atus; Kuswantoro, Farid
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.24363

Abstract

Abstract: Plant use is well documented in many religions, beliefs, and cultures, including Islam. Essential plants of Islam are mentioned in the Quran. Indonesia, a biodiversity-rich country, has numerous medicinal plants, some of which are listed in the Quran. However, scientific approaches to documenting this plant conservation still need to be improved. Thus, this study aims to provide information regarding the conservation status of Quranic medicinal plant species and the ex-situ conservation efforts conducted in Indonesia. This study was conducted using secondary data acquirement. This study found that 35 medicinal plants are listed in the Quran, with two species listed as a vulnerable conservation status. Twelve of these plants are conserved in the Indonesian botanic gardens. At the same time, the newly founded Quranic plant thematic garden in Bogor Botanic Garden also contains several Quranic medicinal plants listed in this study. This study concludes that Quranic medicinal plants exist, and some are already conserved ex-situ in Indonesia. Although conservation should be improved for plants yet to be conserved, the study data could formulate future conservation, education, and research programs covering Quranic plant botany and bioprospecting to support its conservation and sustainable utilization.Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan telah terdokumentasi secara baik dalam berbagai agama, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan, termasuk Islam. Tumbuhan penting dalam Islam disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Sebagai negara yang kaya biodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan obat yang beberapa diantaranya disebutkan pula dalam Al-Quran. Namun, pendekatan ilmiah untuk mendokumentasikan status konservasi tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut masih perlu ditingkatkan. Karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai status konservasi dan upaya konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan obat Al-Quran di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi ini menujukan bahwa 35 jenis tumbuhan obat disebutkan dalam Al-Quran, dengan dua diataranya merupakan tumbuhan dengan status rentan. Dua belas diatara jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut telah dikoleksi pada beberapa kebun raya di Indonesia.  Sementara itu, taman tematik khusus berisi tumbuhan Al-Quran yang menampung sebagian tumbuhan yang termuat dalam daftar pada studi ini juga didirikan di Kebun Raya Bogor. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa tumbuhan obat yang disebutkan dalam Al-Quran hidup dan beberapa telah dikonservasi secara ex-situ di Indonesia. Walaupun upaya konservasi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran masih perlu ditingkatkan, terutama untuk tumbuhan yang belum dikoleksi secara ex-situ, data pada studi ini dapat digunakan dalam menyusun upaya konservasi, pendidikan dan penelitian mengenai botani dan biospropeksi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran untuk mendukung upaya konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutannya.
Implications of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Deforestation on Plant Diversity for Bucerotidae Bird Feed in Aceh Province Kamal, Samsul; Djufri, Djufri; Sarong, Muhammad Ali; Rusdi, Muhammad
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.26691

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigates the ecological impact of forest destruction within the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park, specifically focusing on its implications for food availability for the avian family Bucerotidae. The research aims to examine the practices contributing to forest destruction within the Tahura ecosystem, analyze the consequential effects of this destruction on the diversity of food sources available to Bucerotidae species, and propose potential solutions to mitigate the identified challenges to Bucerotidae sustenance. Employing an exploratory survey methodology, the research utilizes direct observation techniques to gather data at the study site. Qualitative descriptive analysis is employed to interpret the collected data and draw meaningful conclusions. The distribution of deforestation locations was analyzed using ArcGIS software. The distribution of forest damage is displayed in maps, pictures, and tables. The study results showed that forest damage in the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan area resulted in forest conversion into plantations, illegal logging, and forest burning for business purposes. There are nine species of bird feed plants in the Bucerotidae family found in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. The implications of forest destruction include decreasing the number of bird feed plants of the Bucerotidae family. The species were Ara Hutan (Ficus fistulosa Reinw ex Blume), Beringin (Ficus benjamina L), Empanai (Ficus altassima L), Ndalai (Ficus ampelas Burm.F), Medang (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson), Rambai (Baccaurea bracteata Müll.Arg), Walen (Ficus virens W.A.T.). The remaining nine species are dominated by the Moracea family (77%); in addition, there are also plant species from the Euphorbiaceae (14%) and Phyllanthaceae (9%). Ensuring the sustained availability of food plant resources for the Bucerotidae family necessitates a multi-pronged approach; Habitat restoration through the reclamation of degraded forest areas is crucial; Enhancing community awareness regarding the ecological and economic importance of forest ecosystems is essential for promoting sustainable practices; Bolstering surveillance and enforcement within the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan forest area, through increased monitoring and the active involvement of Forest Police, law enforcement agencies, local communities, and environmental NGOs, is vital to deter illegal activities and protect existing resources; And consistent application of existing environmental regulations is paramount to ensuring the long-term preservation of the Bucerotidae food plant supply.Abstrak: Penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak ekologis kerusakan hutan di Taman Hutan Raya Pocut Meurah Intan, khususnya berfokus pada implikasinya terhadap ketersediaan makanan bagi famili burung Bucerotidae. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerusakan hutan ekosistem Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan, implikasi kerusakan terhadap keanekaragaman pakan burung Bucerotidae, dan solusi terhadap ketersediaan pakan burung Bucerotidae. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei eksploratif dengan teknik observasi langsung ke lokasi objek penelitian. Analisis data tentang deforetasi dianalisis dengan software ArcGis. Penyajiannya dalam bentuk peta, gambar dan tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan hutan di kawasan Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan berupa konversi hutan menjadi perkebunan, penebangan liar (illegal logging), dan pembakaran hutan untuk tempat usaha; spesies pakan burung Bucerotidae yang terdapat di Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan (TPMI) sebanyak 9 spesies, dan implikasi kerusakan hutan TPMI berdampak terhadap menurunnya jumlah spesies pakan burung Bucerotidae. Spesies yang dimaksud adalah Ara Hutan (Ficus fistulosa Reinw ex Blume), Beringin (Ficus benjamina L), Empanai (Ficus altassima L), Ndalai (Ficus ampelas Burm.F), Medang (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson), Rambai (Baccaurea bracteata Müll.Arg), Walen (Ficus virens W.A.T.). Familia yang mendominasi adalah Moraceae (77%), selanjutnya Euphorbiacea (14%), dan Phyllanthaceae (9%). Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga kelestarian tumbuhan pakan burung Bucerotidae adalah; Melakukan reklamasi hutan yang mengalami kerusakan; Penguatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang fungsi hutan; Penguatan dan peningkatan pengawasan kawasan hutan; Penegakan hukum di kawasan hutan Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan dengan melibatkan Polisi Hutan (Polhut), kepolisian, masyarakat, dan LSM pemerhati lingkungan; serta penerapan peraturan lingkungan yang ada secara konsisten sangat penting untuk memastikan kelestarian pasokan tanaman pangan Bucerotidae dalam jangka panjang.
Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Noviasari, Santi; Zaidiyah, Zaidiyah; Lubis, Yanti Meldasari
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.17701

Abstract

Abstract: Kimpul Taro tuber is a source of carbohydrates that is widely grown in Indonesia but contains anti-nutritional compounds, namely calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate can cause itching, irritation, and burning sensation in the mouth, skin, and digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of physical methods and activated charcoal on the reduction of calcium oxalate levels in Kimpul taro flour from Aceh Province, Indonesia. The physical method of boiling and steaming with and without the addition of 6% activated charcoal was used in this study. The parameters observed in this study were calcium oxalate content, water content, ash content, crude fiber content, water absorption, and total starch. The results showed that physical treatment can reduce levels of calcium oxalate in Kimpul taro flour. The lowest levels of calcium oxalate were obtained in the boiling method, with calcium oxalate levels of 25.82 mg/100 g. Low oxalate Kimpul taro flour can be used as a local food raw material for food diversification and to reduce the use of wheat flour.Abstrak: Talas Kimpul merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun mengandung komponen anti nutrisi yang disebut kalsium oksalat. Kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gatal, iritasi, sensasi terbakar pada mulut, kulit, dan saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi metode fisik dan arang aktif terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Metode fisik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perebusan dan pengukusan dengan dan tanpa penambahan 6% arang aktif. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar kalsium oksalat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, daya serap air, dan total pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fisik dapat menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul. Kadar kalsium oksalat terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan metode perebusan yaitu 25,82 mg/100 g. Tepung talas kimpul rendah oksalat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pangan lokal untuk diversifikasi pangan dan mengurangi penggunaan tepung terigu.
Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation Mariska, Rafi; Faisal, Muhammad; Rosnelly, Cut Meurah; Mirda, Erisna
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.18444

Abstract

Abstract: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an organic waste with high levels of BOD, N, P, K, and Mg. Its presence in rivers and soil has led to pollution and negative impacts on the environment. One potential solution to this issue is transforming POME into a valuable liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of LOF derived from POME-derived LOF enriched with oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) ash through anaerobic fermentation. A 3.5 L of POME and molasses (5% v/v) were introduced into the anaerobic reactor. OPEFB ash was then added at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.46%, and 0.57% w/v. Fermentation was conducted for 5, 8, and 11 days, and Effective Microorganisms (EM4) with concentrations of 1% and 2% v/v were employed to accelerate LOF formation. The evaluation of LOF involved testing its physical characteristics (color, smell, gas, foam, temperature, and EC), fertilizer chemistry (pH, C-organic, Nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O), and biological aspects (contaminant bacteria E. coli). The results of the physical observations indicated that all LOF variations had fully fermented after 11 days, characterized by the presence of an alcohol-like odor, brownish color, absence of foam, and gas bubbles. Chemical tests revealed that LOF B2 and LOF A1, fermented for 8 days, exhibited the highest levels of N, P, and K, which were 0.08%, 0.05%, 1.26% for LOF B2, and 0.085%, 0.023%, 1.24% for LOF A1, respectively. Furthermore, the test result for E. coli in the LOF B2 and LOF A1 samples after 8 days of fermentation indicated that the E. coli level was below 3 MPN per mL. This confirms that the obtained LOF meets the minimum technical requirements specified in the Minister of Agriculture Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the LOF is suitable for industrial-scale production and application in the agricultural sector.Abstrak: Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (POME) merupakan limbah organik dengan kadar BOD, N, P, K, dan Mg yang tinggi. Kehadirannya di sungai dan tanah telah menyebabkan pencemaran dan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satu solusi potensial adalah mengubah POME menjadi pupuk organik cair (POC) yang bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik POC dari POME setelah penambahan abu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan metode fermentasi anaerob. Sebanyak 3,5 L POME dan tetes tebu (5% v/v) dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor anaerobik. Kemudian ditambahkan abu TKKS dengan konsentrasi 0,35%; 0,46%; dan 0,57% b/v. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5, 8, dan 11 hari, dan Effective Microorganism (EM4) dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 2% v/v digunakan untuk mempercepat pembentukan POC. Evaluasi POC meliputi pengujian sifat fisik (warna, bau, gas, buih, suhu, dan EC), kimia pupuk (pH, C-organik, Nitrogen, P2O5, dan K2O), dan aspek biologi (bakteri pencemar E. coli). Hasil pengamatan fisik menunjukkan bahwa semua variasi POC telah terfermentasi sempurna setelah 11 hari, ditandai dengan adanya bau alkohol, warna kecoklatan, tidak adanya buih dan gelembung gas. Uji kimia menunjukkan bahwa POC B2 dan POC A1 yang difermentasi selama 8 hari menunjukkan kadar N, P, dan K tertinggi berturut-turut, yaitu 0,08%; 0,05%; 1,26% untuk POC B2; dan 0,085%; 0,023%; 1,24% untuk POC A1. Selanjutnya, hasil pengujian E. coli pada sampel POC B2 dan POC A1 dengan lama fermentasi 8 hari menunjukkan bahwa kadar E. coli di bawah 3 MPN per mL sehingga POC yang diperoleh telah memenuhi persyaratan teknis minimum (PTM) berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 261 Tahun 2019.
Effect of Acetobacter aceti Concentration and Fermentation Time on Acetic Acid Content Produced From Seaweed Gracilaria sp. Harahap, Muhammad Ridwan; Nasution, Reni Silvia; Nadhifa, Husniah; Khairani, Ana
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 9, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.26631

Abstract

Abstract: This study evaluates the conversion of Gracilaria sp. seaweed into acetic acid using the bacterium Acetobacter aceti. Acid hydrolysis breaks down the carbohydrates in Gracilaria sp. into glucose, which is then fermented by Acetobacter aceti to produce acetic acid. Assessed the impact of varying concentrations of Acetobacter aceti and different fermentation durations on acetic acid yield. Results indicated that Gracilaria sp. produced bioethanol at approximately 7.108% using bread yeast and 1.572% with tapai yeast. The bioethanol from bread yeast was used for fermentation. FTIR analysis revealed specific absorption peaks for hydroxyl (OH) at 3248 cm⁻¹, carbonyl (C=O) at 1635.64 cm⁻¹, and carbon-oxygen (C-O) at 1249 cm⁻¹. Acetic acid concentrations were influenced by the concentration of Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) and fermentation time (7, 10, 13 days), with the highest concentration of 0.380% achieved after 10 days at 10% Acetobacter aceti.Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengevaluasi perubahan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. menjadi asam asetat menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter aceti. Hidrolisis asam memecah karbohidrat dalam Gracilaria sp. menjadi glukosa, yang kemudian difermentasi menggunakan Acetobacter aceti untuk menghasilkan asam asetat. Pengaruh dari berbagai konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti dan durasi fermentasi yang berbeda pada hasil asam asetat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bioetanol Gracilaria sp. diproduksi sekitar 7,108% menggunakan ragi roti dan 1,572% dengan ragi tapai. Bioetanol dari ragi roti digunakan untuk fermentasi. Analisis FTIR mengungkapkan puncak serapan spesifik untuk hidroksil (OH) pada 3248 cm⁻¹, karbonil (C=O) pada 1635,64 cm⁻¹, dan karbon-oksigen (C-O) pada 1249 cm⁻¹. Konsentrasi asam asetat dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) dan lama fermentasi (7, 10, 13 hari), dengan konsentrasi tertinggi sebesar 0,380% dicapai setelah 10 hari pada 10% Acetobacter aceti.
Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province Fatimatuzzahra, Fatimatuzzahra; Wibowo, Risky Hadi; Sipriyadi, Sipriyadi; Simanjuntak, Putri Hezekiel Claracia; Johan, Yar
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.19120

Abstract

Abstract: The mangrove plants from Enggano Island are found in a well-preserved ecosystem. Mangroves contain secondary metabolite compounds that result from the interaction between plants and endophytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba Sm. from Enggano Island and to assess bacterial diversity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated using grinding and then diluted with serial dilutions of 10-1, 10-3, and 10-5. The growing bacteria were purified using the quadrant streak method. They were then identified by observing colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including catalase, motility, citrate, urea, and sugar fermentation tests. Bacterial identification was carried out using Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. A total of 22 endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba from Enggano Island, consisting of 4 genera: Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas. There were 17 isolates closely related to the genus of Bacillus, 1 isolate closely related to the Marinococcus, 2 isolates closely related to the Micrococcus, and 2 isolates closely related to the Pseudomonas.Abstrak: Tumbuhan mangrove asal Pulau Enggano berada pada ekosistem yang masih terjaga. Mangrove memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang merupakan hasil interaksi antara tumbuhan dan bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba Sm. asal Pulau Enggano dan mendapatkan keanekaragaman bakteri. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode gerus, kemudian diencerkan dengan pengenceran berseri dari 10-1, 10-3, dan 10-5. Bakteri yang tumbuh dimurnikan dengan metode gores kuadran. Kemudian diidentifikasi dengan mengamati morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia meliputi uji katalase, uji motilitas, uji sitrat, uji urea, uji gula-gula. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan buku Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Total isolat bakteri endofit yang berhasil dikoleksi dari tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba asal Pulau Enggano adalah sebanyak 22 isolat dengan keanekaragaman bakteri endofit yang terdiri dari 4 genus yaitu Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, dan Pseudomonas. Isolat yang memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Bacilus adalah sebanyak 17, yang memiliki kedekatan genus Marinococcus hanya 1 isolat, yang memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Micrococcus adalah 2 isolat, dan 2 isolat memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Pseudomonas.

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