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International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 23033371 EISSN : 26559994 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology provides a unique venue for publishing original researches in biosciences and biotechnology, and ensures that authors could reach the widest possible audience. It publishes both full-length articles and short communications on all aspects of biotechnology and biosciences

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Articles 160 Documents

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SPORE PROPAGATION OF INDIGENOUS ENDOMYCHORIZA FROM SEVERAL ROOTING AREAS OF SNAKE FRUIT ON DIFFERENT SOIL WATER CONTENT I Nyoman Rai; I Ketut Suada; M. Praborini; I Wayan Wiraatmaja
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Cultivation of organic snake fruit in Bali which is done on dry land with the irrigation depends on rainfall and the fertilization generally only uses uncertain amount of fallen leaves, it reduces the productivity, quality, and continuity of fruit production over time. In rhizosphere of snake fruit there are various types of indigenous endomycorrhiza that potentially can be developed as biofertilizer, but as a biofertilizer, the low number of spores population for inoculum becomes a limiting factor in using indigenous endomycorrhiza. The effort that can be done are to propagate the spores by giving water stress treatment. This study aimed to obtain the best rhizosphere location of snake fruit as the source of spores and the level of soil water content to multiply the spores. The research was conducted in the green House, Farm Station, Agriculture Faculty, Udayana University at Jalan Pulau Moyo, Denpasar, from October 2017 to January 2018. The spore propagation used nested experiment with Randomized Block Design patterns. The treatments were rhizosphere location as the source of indigenous endomycorrhizas spore consists of three levels (Bebandem District Karangasem Regency, Payangan District Gianyar Regency, and Pupuan District Tabanan Regency) and soil water content consists of three levels (100%, 70%, and 40% field capacity). The results of the research showed that the source of indigenous endomychorrizae from snake fruit rhizosphere in Payangan District gave the highest number of spores found and the highest percentage of the spore increase after propagation. While in the soil water content treatments, the highest number of spores found and the percentage of the spore increase after propagation were obtained at soil water content of 40% field capacity. The percentage of root infections from different sources of indigenous endomychorrhizae and different levels of soil water content is same i.e 100%.

MINERAL FERTLIZER AS AN ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER IN INCREASING RICE YIELD IN TABANAN REGENCY Indayati Lanya; N. Netera Subadiyasa
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Production can be increased through improved harvest index genetic engineering, and the availability of nutrients in the soil. Ciherang rice production tests conducted over two years by toposekuen in Tabanan. First in five Subak, (Jangga, Bulung Daya, Andal Dewa, Lanyah1, and Perean) with 10 fertilizer treatments. The second year, five fertilization treatments in the two Subak (Petung dan Babahan). The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Parameters observed included vegetative and generative growth, and yield of paddy field farming. Duncan`s test, with a confidence level of 5% using the Costat program, and input output fertilization. Fertilization is very significant effect on rice production. The first year results, the highest rice production (9.33 tons ha-1) was achieved in a combination of fertilizer treatment (organic + NPK + mineral), can increase production 43.98%. The second year of the highest rice production (11.878 tons ha-1) were achieved on the fertilization of NPM (100 kg urea + 100 kg Phonska ha-1) + organic fertilizer (2.5 tons ha-1) + mineral fertilizer (2.5 tons ha-1), production increased 50.4%. Organic fertilization received the lowest rice production (5,420 to 8,940 tons ha-1), and the highest percentage of empty grain (9.29%). Mineral fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and high-dose organic fertilizers. The increase in yield of paddy field farming compared to control for the treatment of organic fertilizer (Rp 1.011 million ha-1), NP (Rp 6.416 million ha-1), NPK (Rp7.636 million ha-1), and NPM (Rp12.576 million ha -1).

RESPONSE OF OFFERED FERMENTED PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L) SKIN AS ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUND IN DIETS IMPROVED MEAT QUALITY OF BALI DUCK Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya; Ida Bagus Gaga Partama; Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi; Ni Made Suci Sukmawati
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 2 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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This experiment was carried out to study the response of offered fermented purple sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas L) skin as antioxidant compound in diets on quality meat quality ofbali duck. Five treatment diets were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) consistedof control diet A (diet without containing purple sweet potato skin), diet B containing 10%purple sweet potato skin, diet C containing 10% fermented purple sweet potato skin, diet Dcontaining 20% purple sweet potato skin and diet E containing 20% purple sweet potato skin.Each treatment consisred of four replications and each replication consisted of five ducks.Variable s observed in this study meat quality with obyective method consisted meat colour,water concentration, water holding capacty (WHC), pH, and cooking loss. Organolepticquality consisted colour, smell, taste, texture, and to receive of whole. Anthocyanin, proteinand crude fibre consumption. In general, the showed that offered fermented purple sweetpotato skin in diets were significantly (P<0,05) increased the meat colour, water holdingcapacity, and pH, but on water concentration was not significantly (P>0,05) and on cookingloss was deceased significantly P<0,05). also could be increased organoleptic meat qualitywere colour, smell, taste, texture, and to receive of whole(P<0,05). Offered fermented purplesweet potato skin in diets could be increased anthocyanin and crude protein consumption.However, crude fibre consumption did not affected compared with the treament in A diet. Itwas concluded that the fermented purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) in diets couldimprove meat quality of Bali duck.

APPLICATION OF GAHARU-C FORMULATION (ORGANIC AND INORGANIC) FERTILIZER ON AGARWOOD PLANT AT SPECIFIC LOCATION IN TABANAN REGENCY I Made Mega; A.A. Nyoman Supadma
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

This study aim is to determine the effect of the application of Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation of sapwood formed on agarwood plants at three specific locations in Tabanan Regency. This research is a factorial experiment with basic CRD design (completely randomized design). The first factor is location specific consisting of 3 location namely: Pupuan Subdistrict (Pu), Penebel Subdistrict (Pnl), and District of East Selemadeg (Sl). The second factor was the treatment of the Gaharu-C formula fertilizer consisting of 2 ie: 0 (without fertilizer), and C (Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation: 100 g urea + 100 g SP-36 + 100 g KCl) + (7.5 kg compost ) + (75 g dolomite) per tree), each treatment replicated three times. Number of plants used as many as 18 trees. Parameters observed included increased stem diameter, sapwood color, weight of sapwood, resin content and soil chemical properties data. Data analysis used variance analysis and LCD test (?= 0.05). The results showed that specific-location factors had significant effect on increasing stem diameter. However, had no significant effect on the color of sapwood, sapwood weight and resin level of sapwood. The fertilizer factor of Gaharu-C formula has no significant effect on all parameters observed. The highest increase of stem diameter was obtained at Pupuan location (0.40 cm), followed by East Selemadeg (0.32 cm), and the lowest Penebel (0.15 cm). The weight of sapwood and the highest resin content was obtained at the Sl C treatment of 5.34 g and 6.43%. The best application of Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation is in East Selemadeg Subdistrict.

Application of the Revegetation Sheet with the Erosion Control Function to the Expansive Clay Soil Slope -A Case Study on Test Construction and Monitoring in West Java, Indonesia- Nobuyuki Kohno; Takashi Shimizutani
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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A new type of revegetation sheet which also has a function of soil erosion control was applied to the expansive clay soil slope in West Java, Indonesia, and the function of the sheet to reduce the collapse of the slope was examined. Firstly, it was identified that the soil in the test construction site was a typical expansive clay soil mainly consisting of smectite and quartz according to the X-ray diffraction analysis. Secondly, as a result of monitoring up to 13 months after the application of the sheet, it was observed that the sheet successfully controlled soil erosion and led to gradual vegetation recovery, despite the fact that the construction area is in a part of tropical monsoon climate where the rainy and the dry seasons come repeatedly in a year and the soil swells in rainy season and shrinks and forms crack in dry season. Therefore, it was indicated that as the recovery of vegetation went by, the effect of controlling soil erosion, land slide and slope collapse would be increased.

NON-HOST RESISTANCE ACTIVITIES OF Arabidopsis thaliana INDUCED BY METHANOL EXTRACT OF MYCELIA FROM Phytophthora infestans Mohammad Shahjahan Monjil; Shinya Wada; Daigo Takemoto; Kazuhito Kawakita
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 1 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Defense system of a non-host pathosystem involving the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and methanolextract of mycelia (MEM) elicitor from Phytophthora infestans are presented in this article. A. thaliana leaveswere analyzed for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypersensitive reaction (HR) like celldeath as well as defense gene expression by MEM elicitor. MEM elicitor induced O2¯ generation in A.thaliana leaves with dose dependent nature. HR occurred during the elicitation of A. thaliana challengedwith MEM elicitor. Responses of intact A thaliana seedlings to MEM elicitor caused the retardation of growthof seedlings. Both plant biomass and growth of primary roots was markedly reduced by the treatment ofMEM. MEM elicitor induced the expression of defense genes such as pathogenesis related proteins, PR1,PR2, PR4 and PR5, and rbohF encoding a ROS generation. These results suggested that MEM elicitor inducednon-host defense responses in A. thaliana.

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International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE CELLS AND CORPUS LUTEUM OF MICE (Mus musculus) SWISS WEBSTER GIVEN Leucaena leucocephala LEAF EXTRACT Ngurah Intan Wiratmini; Ni Wayan Sudatri; Iriani Setyawati
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 3 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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This research was conducted to determine the effect of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract on the development of ovarian follicle cells of mice (Mus musculus). Twenty four female mice, 10 weeks old, were divided into 4 groups. The control group (P0) were given 0.9% NaCl and the treatment group P1, P2 and P3 were given 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/ kg bw of Leucaena leaf extract, respectively. The treatments were administered daily for 15 days by gavage. After the treatment ended, all mice were dissected to collect the ovaries. Histological preparation of the ovaries used paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Observations were made on the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary oocytes, and also De Graaf follicles and corpus luteum. Data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA method. The results showed there were no significantly differences (P>0.05) on the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary oocytes, as well as De Graaf follicles and corpus luteum among the control and treatment groups. The mimosine content of Leucaena leaf extract was 0.87% (less than 1%) so it could not inhibit the secretion of Follicle Stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland. The doses of Leucaena leaf extract used in this research did not significantly affect the follicles development of mice ovaries. In this study, the mimosine content of Leucaena leaf extract decreased 91.8%.

EGG PRODUCTION, QUALITY AND CHICK COLOUR PLUMAGE OF FIVE COLOURS OF KAMPONG HENS FED GOOD QUALITY FEED IM Mastika; AW Puger; IKM Budiasa; IGL Oka
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 1 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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An experiment was carried out to study the egg production, quality and chick colour plumage of fi vephenotypic plumage colours of Kampong hens fed good quality feed. A Randomized Block Design consistedof fi ve treatments and fi ve replicateswere used in this experiment. A total of 25 maturated kampong chickensconsisted of fi ve plumage coloursi.e. Black (Selem), Red (biying), Mix colour (brumbun), white plumage withyellow leg (putih siung), and white plumage with white leg (putih kedas) and fi ve cockerels with respectivecolours were used in this experiment. Hens were housed individually in enrich cage. Mating procedurewas done in a special mating cage where each cockerel with respective colour stays all the time. Hen wasbring into the mating cage and left there for 24 hours and repeated after 5 days, until hens were going intobrood. A good quality feed contained 17% CP and 2750 kcal ME were off ered to all hens and fresh waterwere provided ad libitum. Observation was made for 14 weeks.This study showed that in one laying cycleexcept the mixed plumage colour hens produced similar number of eggs while the mix colour was the least.All parameters measured for egg quality from those fi ve plumage colours were similar. Observation ofthe chicks colour at one day old chick (DOC) showed that black plumage, white plumage with yellow leg,and red plumage hens had 100%, 100% and 81% chicks respectively had similar colour to their respectiveparents. While those mix colour and white plumage with white leg were only had 38.89% and 30.2% chickswith similar colour to their respective hens. After 8 weeks old, the colour of the chicks from respectivecolour has changed where black, red, white plumage with yellow leg had 70%, 77.5% and 93.75% chickswith the same colour to their respective hens. While those mix colour and white plumage with white leghad 53.8% and 17.6% chicks with the same colour to their parent. It was concluded that black, red, and whiteplumage with yellow legs had dominant gen in kampong chickens.

PRICK AND SOAK Agroacterium tumefaciens-MEDIATED IN PLANTA TRANSFORMATION IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) I Putu Wahyu Sanjaya; Rindang Dwiyani; I Gede Putu Wirawan; Bambang Sugiharto
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

One of the modern plant breedings through genetic engineering is Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation can be performed in vitro or in planta. In planta transformation arises from the weaknesses of the in vitro method such as need high hygiene standard, professional tissue culture experts, and more time to prepare explants and somaclonal variation. In planta transformation is a method to transfer the gene to the plant genome without any tissue culture stages. The aims of this research were to know the possibility of the prick and soak in planta method with the target of tomato seeds and to know the most suitable inoculation time for tomato seeds transformation by prick and soak method the transformation is done by pricking the seeds and soaking them in the A. tumefaciens suspension. The treatments in this study were 1 and 2 days inoculation time to test the efficacy of prick and soak in planta transformation method. Tomato seeds were pricked with a needle on the center once, and then soaked in A. tumefaciens strain LB4404 suspension carrying pKYS-SoSPS1 plasmid with Neomycin Phosphotransferase (NPTII) and Saccharum officinarum Sucrose Phosphate synthase (SoSPS1) genes. Visualization of tomato’s DNA samples after PCR showed that 1-day inoculation sample was positively integrated with NPTII gene and negative in the 2 days inoculation treatment.

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