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International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 23033371 EISSN : 26559994 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology provides a unique venue for publishing original researches in biosciences and biotechnology, and ensures that authors could reach the widest possible audience. It publishes both full-length articles and short communications on all aspects of biotechnology and biosciences

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Articles 160 Documents

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IN VIVO MULTISTEP MUTAGENESIS INDUCTION USING COLCHICINE ON COWPEA MUTANT 1 (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) I Gede Ketut Susrama; I Gede Putu Wirawan
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

In the previous research, we obtained three catagories of M1 mutant cowpea namely 1) purple pod mutant cowpea, 2) green pod mutant cowpea which has three pods in a stalk, and 3) green pod mutant cowpea which has two pods in a stalk. All those three catagories of M1 mutant cowpeas were treated again with colchicine in a multistep mutagenesis proses in vivo. Then, we found changes in number of leaflet in a petiole to 4 leaflets (quadrifoliate) and to five leaflets in a petiole (pentafoliate). These changes are indications that beside as a chromosome multipying alkaloid, colchicine causes other genetic changes as well. Through this mutagenesis research, we created gigas mutant cowpea that having longer leaves, longer pods and heavier seeds. The accurrence of two kinds of insect pests attack were found namely cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora and pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis.

CD4 COUNT FROM CRYOPRESERVATION OF BUFFY COAT AND PBMC Rasmaya Niruri; Inna Narayani; Wayan Tunas Artama; Mantik Astawa; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 2 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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This study aimed to determine CD4 count from cryopreservation of Buffy coat (BC) and PeripheralBlood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) with and without ficoll. Fifteen EDTA Blood sample (2 ml for eachtube) were drawn from one adult healthy subject. The samples were categorized into five group beforemeasuring the CD4 level (which were fresh whole blood [Group(G)-I], BC without ficoll [fresh <GII>and frozen <G-III>] , and PBMC resulted from BC and ficoll isolation [fresh <G-IV> andfrozen <G-V>]. Each group was replicated three times. Blood storage before preparation was less thanfour hours. Two months cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen (in 40% FBS, 10% DMSO, and RPMI)was conducted. The mean value of CD4 count (cell /mu1) were 522 (G-I), 1410 (G-II), 906 (G-III), 807(G-IV), and 733 (G-V). CD4 count, after 2 month preservation in liquid nitrogen, of the BC sample (G-III) was higher (906 cell /mu1) than PBMC (G-IV) sample (733 cell /mu1).

APPLICATION OF Trichoderma spp. AND LIGNOHUMATE TO SUPPRESS A PATHOGEN OF CLUBROOT (Plasmodiophora brassicae WOR.) AND PROMOTE PLANT GROWTH OF CABBAGE I Ketut Suada; Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Suwastika; I Kadek Ngestika Pradnyana; Nataliya Shchegolkova; Rodion Poloskin; Oleg Gladkov; Olga Yakimenko; Aleksey Stepanov
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

The high economic value of cabbage crop leads farmers to make various efforts to suppress the pathogen of club root which is detrimental to plants. Efforts that need to be put forward must be environmentally safe. One way that is environmentally friendly is to control a pathogen biologically using antagonistic microbes. Therefore, the use of microbes such as Trichoderma which has been widely studied is important because it was able to suppress clubroot incidence and stimulate plant growth as well. Meanwhile, the need for plant nutrients to maximize plant growth requires an input of organic materials such as lignohumate which preserve soil nutrients, improve soil structure and increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study on this scheme found an effective indigenous Trichoderma to suppress clubroot, therefore it is used in the current study. The objective of this study was to find out a combination treatment of Trichoderma and lignohumate which can suppress clubroot and increase plant growth. This experiment used a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Trichoderma concentration consisted of 3 levels, namely 0 spores (control), 1x106 spores. 2x106 spores, and 3x106 spores per plant which were suspended in 150 ml of water. The lignohumate treatments were 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2%. The results showed that lignohumate treatment was interact with Trichoderma population number on disease incidence, total clubroot, root dry weight, but not to canopy dry weight. The most suitable combination of treatments was the Trichoderma population of 3x106 spores (15 g) in combination to lignohumate of 0.5%. This combination resulted in the lowest disease incidence, the lowest total clubroot, root dry weight, and the highest canopy dry weight. The higher the lignohumate concentration up to 0.5%, the higher the number of microbes (fungi and bacteria) growth, howeverit decreased above the concentration of 0.5%.

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRIC PULSED POWER ON FRUITING OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS Shoji Ohga
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 1 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Eff ect of pulsed power was investigated on fruit body formation of 10 edible mushrooms, Lentinula edodes,Glifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotuseryngii, Pleurotus abalones, Agrocybe cylindracea and Sparassis crispa. Pulsed power of 100-170 kV was directlycharged to the substrate just before fructifi cation. The eff ect of the pulsed power resulted to promote for 10edible mushrooms fructifi cation. The treatment especially stimulated the fructifi cation on Pleurotus species.

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF EXOTIC FRUIT FLY Bactrocera occipitalis (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) USING MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) GENE I Putu Sudiarta; Dwi Martiningsia; I Nyoman Wijaya
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Some of fruit flies have been reported as the important pest on fruits and vegetables in the world. Agricultural Quarantine Agency Denpasar reported that there was new coming species (exotic) of fruit flies in Bali in 2014 based on the morphological identification, namely Bactrocera occipitalis. However Bactrocera dorsalis complex have similar morphological characters and have a less distinctive character for taxonomic identification, therefore it is difficult to identify fruit flies accurately. Based on that phenomena, the accurate identification is needed. One of the more accurate identification techniques is based on molecular identification using DNA-based barcode. To identify fruit flies, DNA-based barcode using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has been conducted. PCR analysis using Fruit Fly MT-CO1-F (FFMT-CO1-F) 5’-GGAGCATTAATYGGRGAYG-3’ as forward primer and HCO 5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAATCA-3’ as reverse primer was successfully amplified around 600 bp of COI gene of fruit flies. Based on similarity of sequence product, the species was identifiedas Bactrocera occipitalis and same result was revealed using morphological identification. Phylogenetic analysis of B. occipitalis based on COI genes showed that B. occipitalis from Bali were in the same groups with Bactrocera species from Tarakan and Philippines. In addition, Bactrocera occipitalis as exotic fruit fly is a new report in Bali, Indonesia.

MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus sp. Fifi Puspita; Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono; Susilo Hambeg Poromarto; Dewi Indriyani Roslim
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Endophytic bacteria are the bacteria that live in plant tissues. In oil palm tissue there are many types of endophytic bacteria and have a role that can be beneficial for the plant, one of them is endophytic Bacillus sp. The aim of these research was to obtain morphology, physiology and molecular characteristics of endophytic Bacillus sp. originating from oil palm tissue. Sampling was done by random simple sampling method. Isolation of bacteria was performed on plant tissues such as roots, midribs, stems and leaves of oil palm plants. The results of morphological characterization such as colony color, colony shape and colony edge show similarity in each isolate but there are differences in the surface morphology of the colony, where there are 6 isolates with convex surface and 6 isolates with flat shape. Physiological test results such as catalase test, oxidase test, starch hydrolysis test, motility test and temperature effect test on bacterial growth showed positive results in each isolate. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA primers based on BLASTn shows that all isolates tested have similarities with Bacillus sp. Based on the phylogenetic tree it was found that the endophytic bacteria of Ba-B2 isolates were associated with Bacillus flexus with 100% consistency index grouped at a distance of 0.03 and Ba-P2 isolates were related to Bacillus substilis at a distance of 0.01 with an 89% consistency index.

IN-VITRO INDUCTION OF GRAPEVINE (Vitis Vinifera L.) SHOOTS USING 2-iP Rindang Dwiyani
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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The research concerning induction of grapevine shoots grown in vitro have been conducted during period of May to July 2016 at The Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The objective of the research was to investigate the most appropriate explant position and the optimal concentration of 2-iP in stimulating of grapevine shoot in vitro. Nodal segment from grapevine plant grown in the green house was used as planting material. The experiment was laid out in the factorial design, with two factors. The first factor was the position of explant (lay-down and up-right position) and the second factor was concentration of 2-iP ( i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ppm). Each combination was replicated ten times. The results showed that the treatment of 6 ppm 2-iP with up-right explant position was the most appropriate condition in stimulating growth of grapevine shoot. With up-right position of explant, the percentage of shoot producing-explants at 10 weeks after planting was 100% at the treatment of 6 ppm 2-iP, compared to 4%, 12%, 40%,and 40% at the treatment of 0 , 3, 9 and 12 ppm 2-iP respectively. The average number of shoot per explant was 5.5 for 6 ppm-treatment, while it was less than 3 for other treatments.

EVALUATION OF LAND SUITABILITY FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY IN DEGRADED UNDA WATERSHED, DISTRICT OF KARANGASEM, BALI Ni Made Trigunasih; I Nyoman Merit; Wiyanti Wiyanti; I Wayan Narka; I Nyoman Dibia
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Evaluation of land suitability to increase the productivity of degraded lands in the Unda watershed aims: providing a database of land suitability for land use planning in support of sustainable agricultural development, providing spatial information, and recommendations in accordance with the land use plan of inhibiting factors that exist. Identification of characteristic land quality evaluation survey carried out by the method of land with exploration area of research followed by soil sampling at some sample of land units. Land suitability classification using the criteria of the Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Land For Agricultural Commodities of Soil Research Institute (2003) is by matching between the haracteristics of the land with the requirements of growing plants was evaluated. Types of agricultural crops that are evaluated include plantation crops and food crops hotikultura fruits. Suitability actual land (land suitability based on survey data) are mostly classified as unsuitable (N), and marginally suitable (S3). Qualities/characteristics as the land that is the main limiting factor, among others: quality of land erosion, slope, water availability, temperature, rooting media (soil texture and coarse material). Sustainable land use planning can be recommended with agroforestry, accompanied by vegetative conservation measures because it is cheaper and easier to be carried out by farmers. Recommended cultivation effort is a combination of timber plants with horticultural crops of fruits with the provisions of at least 40% must be enclosed timber. Plant timber that can be developed between the other plants that are not too heavy canopy.

EFFECT OF RESTING TIME ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL YIELDS Inna Narayani; Rasmaya Niruri; Nyoman Mantik Astawa
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 3 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Cryopreservation of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was done to preserve and analyze the number of PBMC derived from blood samples which come in at different time. The batch analysis wasperformed at the same time in order to reduce variations in results. The analysis on the cells numbers carried out after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Heparinized whole blood was collected from healthy subject by venipuncture, and stored at room temperature. Blood is processed by centrifugation in Ficoll density gradient following the established method of Balai Besar Veteriner Denpasar. Buffy coat layer was collected and washed twice with HBSS (Hank's balanced salt solution) and was counted in Turk’s solution. The cells were then dissolved in 1 ml of cold freezing medium containing 10% DMSO and 50% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and stored overnight at -80°C before storage in liquid nitrogen vessel for few weeks. The samples rapidly thawed in a water bath at 37°C and washed twice with PBS (phosphate buffered saline). The cells were stored in 4°C PBS and counted in Turk’s solution after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The results obtained were varied with a declining trend.

INCREASING LOCAL FRUITS COMPETITIVENESS IN ENTERING THE TOURISM MARKET IN BALI I Gede Putu Wirawan; Ketut Srie Marhaeni Julyasih; Wayan Adiartayasa; I Nyoman Wijaya; I Putu Anom
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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The study focused on improving the fruit quality supported by handling of the cultivation, harvest and post-??harve st handling such as fruit packing, transportation, storage, and others, as well as marketing strategiesand regulations that are ne eded locally, so local Bali fruits can compete better in the Bali tourism market.The purposes of this study were to find some problems face by the local fruits to e nter the tourism marke t inBali. The local fruits studied were citrus, salacca, mangoes, mangosteen, banana, and papaya. This study wasthrough multiple surveys such as, inte rviews with farme rs, whole salers, fruit suppliers, and the manage rsof the hote ls and restaurants. The results of this study found some local fruits have e nte red the tourismmarket in Bali, in addition, local people in Bali te nd to consume the imported fruits for some culturalceremony, events and others.The results of this study showthat the main problems in the local fruits suchas citrus and banana were harvesting, packaging, storage, and transportation. The laboratory studies foundthat some microbes and inse cts infe cted local fruits due to the lackof handling such as packaging, storage,and transportation. The findings of this study was local fruits such as orange s and bananas face manyobstacles ranging from harvest, post-??harvest management, transportation, and the marketing strategies.Many problem has found on bananas such as damaged on storage, as well as citrus fruits. Improvements tothe appearance of the fruit has been tried to do by the application of emulsion of he rbal oils, oleic acid, wax,twee n, and the results showe d the fruits still in a fre sh condition afte r four weeks of treatme nt while theuntre ated fruits were rotten due tothe infe ction of microbes. The blackspots of insects ormicrobes infectionson the treated fruits can be eliminated as well. Some inse cts and microbial attacks were found that leads tofruit rot which can essentially be removed by tre atment with antimicrobial tre atment. This research tries tochart the effects on the competitiveness of local fruits, such as continuity of production, standardization andregulation which could be developed at the local level in the village community.

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