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Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
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Articles 19 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March" : 19 Documents clear
Parental Perceptions of The Need for Sexual and Reproductive Health Education for Early Adolescents Kurniawati Danu Iswanto, Rery; Shaluhiyah, Zahroh; Widjanarko, Bagoes; Tri Purnami, Cahya
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1089

Abstract

Background: The urgency of reproductive health education for adolescents has been intensified by challenges such as early puberty and exposure to digital media in an era characterized by unrestricted access to information and shifting societal norms. The role of parents as primary educators is critical to ensuring a healthy transition from adolescence to adulthood. However, significant barriers are encountered by parents, particularly those with limited education and digital literacy, in fulfilling this role. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze parental perspectives regarding reproductive health needs as a foundation for developing a model to enhance their capacity in educating early adolescents. Methods: This study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design in rural Indonesia. A survey of 106 parents of early adolescents (aged 10–12) was followed by in-depth interviews with 9 purposively selected participants. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti to explore communication patterns and parental needs related to adolescent reproductive health. Results: Thematic analysis revealed seven key themes: (1) basic understanding of adolescent reproductive health, (2) education on values and norms, (3) parental concerns regarding external challenges, (4) dynamics of parent-child communication, (5) communication barriers, (6) the role of parents as shaped by gender, and (7) needs for specific materials, methods, and media. A strong emphasis was placed by parents on the need for information regarding puberty, strategies for effective communication, and approaches to engaging with adolescents. School-based counseling and face-to-face sessions were identified as effective delivery methods, with preferences expressed for media such as books and WhatsApp groups. Conclusion: Efforts to provide reproductive health education by parents have been shaped by limited knowledge, perceptions of taboo, and external influences. Programs designed to address these challenges must be tailored to meet the specific needs of parents. The activation of parent associations in schools has been identified as a promising approach to disseminate information and strengthen reproductive health education. Keywords: parents' perspectives; reproductive health education; early adolescents
The Relationship Between Toluene Intake with LDL and MDA Levels in Car Painting Workshop Workers Dwicahyo, Herman Bagus; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Prasetya, Tofan Agung Eka; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1139

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress can cause health problems for workers and affect productivity for workers. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels a biomarkers for systemic oxidative stress. Car painting and body repair businesses play a crucial role in preventing corrosion and damage from crashes by employing a variety of processes. The worker in the stage poses the highest risk of exposure to the chemical substance known as toluene. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of toluene intake with Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Methods: This study employed an observational research design with a cross-sectional method. All 30 car painting workshop workers in sanding, caulking, painting, polishing, and finishing are included in this research. Workers were measured for exposure to Toluene and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Results: Almost half of the total workers are adults. More than half of the total workers have a working period of 8 hours/day, have a working period of up to 10 years, and BMI in the normal category. Only a small number of workers do not smoke. Toluene exposure that enters the body of workers has more than the reference dose and is found in more than half of the total workers. Most workers have optimal LDL. More than half of the total workers have low MDA. The results of the Toluene exposure test with LDL obtained p = 0.098, and toluene exposure with MDA (malondialdehyde) obtained p = 0.045. Conclusion: There is a relationship between Toluene and MDA, but not with LDL. This indicates the need for efforts to anticipate Toluene exposure in companies to prevent oxidative stress, preceded by an increase in MDA. Keywords: Toluene; Low-Density Lipoprotein; Malondialdehyde; Car painting; Worker
Assessing the Relationship Between Work Stress, Feeling Fatigue, and Quality of Life in University Employees Saleh, Lalu Muhammad; Russeng, Syamsiar S; Awaluddin, Awaluddin; Tadjuddin, Istiana; Syafitri, Nurul Mawaddah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1144

Abstract

Background: University employees play a crucial role in the academic landscape, which is filled with professional demands. Continuous work pressure poses a risk of affecting their psychological well-being, including overall welfare. In university environment, employees often face high workloads, tight deadlines, and high expectations from supervisors and students. The consequences can affect the quality of life of employees. Objectives: To assess the relationship between psychological fatigue, particularly work stress and feeling of fatigue, and quality of life of employees at Hasanuddin University. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical observational approach was conducted from May to June 2024 at Hasanuddin University's Rectorate in Makassar. The study included 124 employees selected through simple random sampling. Primary data were collected using validated questionnaires: the Work Fatigue Feeling Measurement Tool (KAUPK2) for fatigue, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) for work stress, and Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) Scale for quality of life. Data analysis employed Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression using Jamovi software version 1.6. Results: The Spearman correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation between work stress and quality of life (ρ = -0.288, p = 0.001), indicating that increased work stress associates with reduced quality of life. Conversely, no significant correlation was found between feelings of fatigue and quality of life (ρ = -0.146, p = 0.106). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed work stress as a significant predictor of quality of life (β = -0.22, p = 0.020), while feelings of fatigue did not demonstrate significant predictive value (β = -0.13, p = 0.184). Conclusion: Work stress significantly predicts reduced quality of life among administrative employees at Hasanuddin University, while feelings of fatigue show no significant association. These findings underscore the importance of developing targeted stress management interventions within university settings. The study's novelty lies in its focus on administrative staff in Indonesian higher education, providing foundational evidence for institutional health policies. Future research should employ longitudinal designs across multiple institutions to enhance generalizability. Keywords: University Employees; Work Stress; Feeling of Fatigue; Quality of Life
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution Mouth Rinse on Salivary Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Levels Mahmiyah, Erma; Susatyo, Jojok Heru; Ningsih, Neny Setiawaty; Ayatullah, M. Ibraar; Barka, Amani A
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1150

Abstract

Background: Gargling with baking soda stimulates parasympathetic nerves in the brainstem's salivatory nuclei, enhancing saliva flow through taste and tactile stimulation. Objective: This study aims to analyzes the effects of sodium bicarbonate mouth rinses on salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, flow rate, volume, pH, and viscosity. Methods: A Pre and Post-Control Group Design was employed, involving 42 respondents divided into three groups: a control group using 0.1% povidone iodine, a first treatment group using 1% baking soda, and a second treatment group using 2% baking soda. Participants gargled twice daily for 14 days. Results: Results show that a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution significantly reduced salivary IgA levels, flow rate, and volume while increasing pH and viscosity, suggesting a decrease in immune response and potential anti-inflammatory effects. The 2% sodium bicarbonate solution significantly affected flow rate and volume, whereas the 0.1% povidone iodine solution influenced pH and volume. These findings highlight the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate as an oral rinse for modulating salivary composition and immune activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution demonstrated the most comprehensive effects, reducing IgA levels and altering saliva properties in ways that may benefit oral health by mitigating inflammation. The 2% solution primarily affected saliva production, while povidone iodine impacted pH and volume. This study suggests that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinses, particularly at 1%, could serve as an effective strategy for regulating oral immune responses and maintaining oral health. Keywords: Sodium Bicarbonate;  Immunoglobulin A;  pH; Salivary; Viscosity
Association of serum fetuin A with mineral bone disorders in patients undergoing high flux hemodialysis versus hemodiafiltration Younus Naji Al Atbee, Mohammed; Sami Tuama, Hala; Abdulwahid Gatee, Rafid
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1154

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing worldwide health issue, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients typically need RRT to survive. Hemodialysis (HD) and Hemodiafiltration (HDF) are popular RRT modalities. Waste removal, electrolyte balance, and MBD management in ESRD patients are the goals of these therapies. MBD, characterized by impaired bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and vascular calcification, is common and dangerous in this group. Fetuin A, a glycoprotein involved in MBD, has received interest recently. Serum fetuin A and mineral bone problems in high-flow hemodialysis patients compared to hemodiafiltration are reviewed in this research. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the association of serum fetuin A with mineral bone complaints in dialysis patients on high flux hemodialysis in associate with hemodiafiltration. Method: cases collected from Basrah Teaching Hospital from October 2022 to October 2023. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients who participated in the study. This study included 200 patients within the age range of 20-70 years with end stage kidney disease. Results: significant decrease in Fetuin (1672.3± 563.2. P-value =0.002), CRP (13.88±12.4 mm/hr. P-value =0.0001) in patients under HDF than patients under HD, significant increase in period of dialysis in group patients under HDF than patients in group HD, there is significant (P-value =0.04) positive correlation coefficients between fetuin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: HDF may offer better bone disorder management and reduced inflammation than high flux HD. While HDF patients underwent longer dialysis, age and mineral metabolism markers were consistent across groups. The distinct relationship between fetuin A and CRP in HD underscores the complexity of these factors. Keywords: serum fetuin; mineral bone; disorders; dialysis; hemodialysis; hemodiafiltration
Correlation between Pre Pregnancy BMI and 6 weeks’ Weight Retention Natiq Turkey, Banan; YOUSIF RASHID, ELAF; ismaeel kadhem, qais
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1155

Abstract

Background: As there is increasing interest about the weight and ideal weight before getting pregnant and it effect on maternal and fetal outcome, with importance of long term effect of weight retention on maternal health. Objective: we are aiming by this study to focus on the relation of the pre pregnancy BMI with 6-weeks post-partum weight retention. Method: A retrospective study was conducted during a period of 3 months (1st of March- 1st of June) at 2024. The data collected from obstetric record of Babil Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children /Babil Iraq in IRAQ, where data of 100 women who give birth to singleton baby was taken including age, educational level, exercise, dietary restriction, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain in each trimester, fetus numbers, mode of delivery, weight 6 weeks after delivery, any medical disease before or during pregnancy. Result: We found that 57% of women ranging from 26-35year ,32% ranging from 18-25year and 11% ranging from 36-45 years, that with normal weight 28%, overweight 40% and obese 32%, also 6weeks post-partum weight 68% of women retained less than 5 kg and 32 % of women retained more than 5 kg, and There was significant association between participant’s pre-pregnancy BMI with weight gain during the pregnancy and 6 weeks’ postpartum weight retention as p value was   0.024 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain has positive correlation with 6-weeks post-partum weight retention Keywords: Correlation; Pre pregnancy; BMI; weight retention
Multi-Criteria Analysis to Map Malnutrition Vulnerability to The Impact of Climate Change in West Sumatra, Indonesia Defriani Dwiyanti; Barlian, Eri; Razak, Abdul; Dewata, Indang; Syah, Nurhasan; Siregar, Dewi Rahmadani
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1203

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is the world's second most disaster-prone country and faces significant climate change impacts. West Sumatra has high malnutrition, moderate food insecurity, and disaster risk. Mapping climate vulnerability is critical for mitigation and adaptation. Objective: Building on this need, this study aims to map the vulnerability of malnutrition due to climate change in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Methods: The research employed an analytical descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from official agencies. Sources included the Central Statistics Agency of West Sumatra Province, the Meteorology, Geophysics and Climatology Agency, the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey, and the Indonesian Health Survey from 2019 to 2023. The data covered three vulnerability indicators: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. These were analyzed by the Weighted Product method and classified into five categories of vulnerability (very low, low, medium, high, very high) using the Equal Interval method. Results were presented as thematic maps using ArcGIS software. Results: The analysis revealed that 5.3% of areas had very high vulnerability to malnutrition linked to climate change. Meanwhile, 10.5% were high, 26.3% medium, 42.1% low, and 15.8% very low. The coastal regions of Mentawai, West Pasaman, and South Coast were the most vulnerable. Vulnerability was determined by exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Regions with higher vulnerability had greater sensitivity and lower adaptive capacity. Regions with lower vulnerability showed better adaptive capacity. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is recommended to prioritize areas with high and very high vulnerability. Efforts should be focused on improving access to health and nutrition services, empowering women in household food decisions, and strengthening food systems to strengthen regional adaptive capacity. Keywords: mapping; vulnerability; malnutrition; climate change
Socio-demographic factors related to cervical cancer services utilization in urban and rural areas: Analysis of Survey Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) data 2023 Fitri Indrawati; Supriatin; Maretalinia
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1219

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of death in women in Indonesia. It can be detected through screening such as Pap smears or HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) tests, but the utilization of screening is still low, especially in rural areas, which results in many cases being at an advanced stage and affecting patient prognosis. Objective: This study aims to analyze sociodemographic factors that influence the utilization of cervical cancer screening (UCCS) in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. Methods: The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI/ Survei Kesehatan Indonesia) used a cross-sectional design across Indonesia from August to October 2023. A total of 1,191,692 people were interviewed, including 296,819 women eligible for cervical cancer screening (UCCS). The study focused on UCCS utilization, with independent variables including age, education, occupation, residence, and wealth index. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) methods, with separate models for all respondents, urban areas, and rural areas. Results: The finding of this study shows that 91.53% of respondents, both urban and rural, never utilized cervical cancer screening (UCCS). UCCS utilization is higher among women of reproductive age (9.23%), highly educated (15.96%), working in the formal sector (12.66%), and residing in urban areas (9.70%). The richest users (14.65%) are also higher than the poorest (5.51%). The multivariate analysis showed that women not in reproductive age were less likely to utilize cervical cancer screening, with varying probabilities depending on education, occupation, and wealth. Women with higher education, formal employment, and higher wealth were more likely to utilize screening, with the richest showing the highest likelihood. The urban model showed the best fit, with a higher pseudo-R2 (3.75%) compared to the rural model (1.68%). Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors such as age, education, occupation, and wealth significantly influence cervical cancer screening utilization in Indonesia. Higher utilization is observed among reproductive-aged women, those with higher education, formal employment, and wealthier groups, with urban areas showing better utilization rates than rural areas.  Keywords: cervical cancer screening; sociodemographic; Survey Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI); urban and rural areas
Assessment of Performance Based on Malcolm Baldrige Criteria For Performance Excellent In The In-Patient Unit at Islamic Hospital Mabarrot Gresik Haksama, Setya; Farid Dimjati Lusno, Muhammad; Prayoga, Diansanto; Azhary, RN, Muhammad; Sriram, Shyamkumar; Setyo Adji, Arga; Maulana Satrioaji, Abdillah; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Zeinsar, Syahprevi Rayyan
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1266

Abstract

Background: Hospital service performance plays a crucial role in healthcare competition, as it directly influences patient satisfaction, operational efficiency, and the reputation of the institution. In a competitive healthcare environment, hospitals are continuously striving to improve their service quality and operational outcomes. Performance assessment is essential to assess the effectiveness of hospital management and identify areas for improvement. Objective: Hospital service performance is a critical factor in market competition. Strong performance reflects the hospital's success, making performance assessment essential for continuous improvement Methods: This observational and analytical study uses a cross-sectional approach. The MBCfPE criteria were used as the performance assessment variable. Data were collected from 34 respondents out of 120 employees at the hospital. Results: The performance scores based on the MBCfPE criteria showed that the organizational profile scored 88.97, which is not included in the overall MBCfPE calculation. The leadership criteria scored 62.50, indicating a need for improvement. On the other hand, several criteria scored excellently, including strategic planning (93.86), customer focus (95.37), assessment, analysis, and knowledge management (90.28), human resources focus (97.97), operational activities focus (99.99), and results (97.65). The overall performance score for Islamic Hospital Mabarrot Gresik was 637.56, which falls within the range of 576–675 on the MBCfPE scale, placing it in the Industry Leader category. Despite the good score, the findings indicate that leadership and strategic planning require attention for further improvement to achieve a higher level of organizational performance. Conclusion: The performance of Islamic Hospital Mabarrot Gresik is at an average level, with leadership and strategic planning requiring significant improvement. To enhance organizational performance, focused efforts should be directed towards these criteria, ensuring a thorough and effective implementation of the MBCfPE criteria. Keywords: Hospital performance; Malcolm Baldrige; MBCfPE; organizational performance; healthcare quality
Factors Predicting Stress among Final-year Students in Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yoomuang, Prin; Sripanithan, Santipong; Sirijoti, Kanjanachaya
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i1.1270

Abstract

Background: Final-year students are at a critical turning point, involving significant life changes. This is particularly true for health science students. These factors can lead to stress, negatively impacting their academic achievement and quality of life. Objective: To investigate the stress levels and predictors among students of the Sirindhorn College of Public Health, which has campuses located throughout Thailand. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 final-year students of the diploma of public health programmes, the bachelor of health science programmes. The data were collected by using a questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.905. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics in terms of number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test the predictions. Results: The students’ stress, teaching management, extra-curricular activities, and environment in the college were found at moderate level (77.6%, 68.2%, 60.4%, and 56.7%, respectively) whereas their expectations, social support, and resilience were at high level (82.2%, 80.1%, and 63.9%, respectively), and their depression was at low level (86.6%). The predictors of stress in the sample group showed that depression (β = 0.528), resilience (β = -0.294), and extra-curricular activities (β = 0.097) could co-predict stress by 40.5% at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: The students experienced moderate stress, influenced by both depression (positive predictor) and resilience (negative predictor). Surprisingly, extracurricular activities increased stress. Colleges should monitor depression, foster resilience, and carefully manage stress-related extracurriculars to improve student well-being and academic performance. Keywords: stress; academic stress; final-year students; College of Public Health

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