Sahal Hanafi
Universitas Negeri Semarang

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The Right to Explanation in Artificial Intelligence–Based Decision-Making: A Normative Perspective on Due Process and Legal Accountability Imroatun Solekah; Sahal Hanafi; Wildan Baehaqi; Teddy Delano
Lex Recta: Journal of Law and Normative Justice Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): : June: Lex Recta: Journal of Law and Normative Justice
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

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The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in legally significant decision-making has generated fundamental challenges concerning procedural fairness, transparency, and legal accountability. This article examines the juridical status of the right to explanation in AI-based decision-making through a normative and doctrinal legal research approach supported by comparative analysis of contemporary regulatory frameworks and legal theories. The study analyzes international legal instruments, administrative law principles, data protection regulations, accountability doctrines, and scholarly debates addressing explainability, due process, and algorithmic governance. The findings demonstrate that explanation performs a constitutive legal function within procedural justice by enabling meaningful participation, contestation, review, and accountability. Existing legal frameworks increasingly recognize the necessity of explainability, although regulatory approaches remain fragmented regarding its normative scope and enforceability. The analysis further reveals that accountability for AI-generated decisions must remain attached to identifiable human and institutional actors, regardless of technological complexity. Recognition of the right to explanation as an enforceable procedural guarantee strengthens legality, safeguards individual rights, and preserves rule-of-law values within automated governance systems. The study contributes a coherent normative framework connecting explainability, due process, and legal accountability in contemporary AI regulation.
International Human Rights Law: Protection of Refugees in Contemporary Conflicts Deo Renaldi Saputra; Sahal Hanafi; Sunusi Dauda; Melva Noya; Bunga Dwi Fani Ritonga
International Journal of Law and Political Authority Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January: Corpus: International Journal of Law and Political Authority
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

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Contemporary armed conflicts have generated complex patterns of forced displacement that challenge the adequacy of traditional refugee protection frameworks. This article examines the role of international human rights law in safeguarding refugees within the context of modern conflicts characterized by protracted violence, institutional fragility, and evolving displacement drivers. Using a normative legal research methodology, the study analyzes the convergence between international human rights law, refugee law, and international humanitarian law, with particular attention to enforcement mechanisms and judicial practice. The findings reveal that human rights law provides a universal and enforceable normative foundation that extends protection beyond formal refugee status, strengthens the principle of non-refoulement, and enhances accountability through judicial oversight. The article further identifies emerging challenges, including temporary protection regimes, climate-related displacement, and digital governance, which require adaptive human rights-based responses. By situating refugee protection within a rights-centered legal framework, this study underscores the continuing relevance of international human rights law as a vital instrument for protecting displaced populations amid increasingly complex and unstable global conflict environments.
Islamic Law and Social Change: Contemporary Applications of Fiqh in Muslim Societies Sahal Hanafi; Deo Renaldi Saputra; Elinda Novita Dewi; Alya Nabila Adistia; Yusril Ihza Mahendra; Zulfikri Akramul Akbar; Abdi Wijaya
Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Islamic Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January: Safīnah: Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Islamic Sciences
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Islamic law has long been perceived as a normative system rooted in classical jurisprudence, yet contemporary social developments have necessitated renewed interpretations and applications of fiqh. This article examines the relationship between Islamic law and social change by analyzing how contemporary fiqh responds to evolving social, economic, technological, and cultural contexts in Muslim societies. Employing normative legal research based on doctrinal analysis, this study explores classical legal principles alongside modern reformist approaches, including maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, ijtihād maqāṣidī, and collective ijtihād. The findings indicate that contemporary fiqh increasingly emphasizes public interest, legal objectives, and contextual reasoning to address modern challenges such as family law reform, healthcare ethics, digital transactions, and social justice. These developments reflect a shift from rigid textualism toward a more purposive and socially responsive jurisprudence. The article argues that this transformation does not undermine the authority of Islamic law but rather strengthens its legitimacy and relevance. By integrating ethical values with social realities, contemporary fiqh serves as an effective legal instrument for managing social change while preserving the core principles of Islamic jurisprudence.
Strengthening Digital Literacy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises through Community-Based Training: Enhancing Business Sustainability, Financial Management, and Digital Marketing Competencies Azka Syifaul Maula; Nur Vita Ristiana; Assmaa Guerra; Deo Renaldi Saputra; Elinda Novita Dewi; Sahal Hanafi
Journal of Community Service and Engagement Vol 2 No 1 (2026): August: Servitia: Journal of Community Service and Engagement
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/9gae9m25

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) continue to face significant challenges in adapting to the rapidly evolving digital economy due to limited digital literacy, inadequate financial management capabilities, and insufficient strategic competencies to sustain long-term business growth. These constraints reduce their competitiveness and limit their ability to capitalize on emerging digital market opportunities. This study aimed to strengthen digital literacy among MSMEs through a community-based training program designed to enhance digital marketing competencies, financial management capabilities, and business sustainability. The program employed a participatory action-based community service approach using a mixed-method evaluation design that integrated quantitative pre-test and post-test assessments with qualitative observations of participant engagement, learning processes, and practical implementation. Forty-five MSME owners from the culinary, fashion, handicraft, and household product sectors participated in a structured six-week intervention consisting of digital literacy education, digital marketing practice, financial management training, business sustainability workshops, mentoring, and evaluation. The findings demonstrate that the intervention substantially improved participants' competencies across all measured dimensions, with digital marketing competence increasing by 73.4%, financial management competence by 58.2%, and business sustainability competence by 54.2%, resulting in an overall competency improvement of 61.1%. Participants also reported a high level of satisfaction with the training (overall mean score = 4.67), while the majority expressed strong commitment to continuing digital marketing activities, implementing digital financial recording systems, and participating in peer-learning networks after program completion. These findings indicate that community-based digital literacy training provides an effective and sustainable model for strengthening entrepreneurial capacity by integrating technological competencies with managerial and strategic capabilities. The study contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated community empowerment framework that links digital literacy, financial governance, and business sustainability as interconnected drivers of MSME resilience and inclusive economic development.