This study analyzes the criminal liability of prison guards who participate in narcotics crimes based on the perspective of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP 2023). The focus of the study is directed at the legal construction of the concept of participation as regulated in Article 20 of the KUHP 2023, and its application to prison guards who abuse their position in narcotics trafficking in correctional institutions. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative approach and conceptual analysis, supported by a study of court decisions, including the Palangka Raya District Court Decision Number 286/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Plk. The results of the study indicate that normatively, the KUHP 2023 has provided an adequate legal basis to ensnare prison guards as co-conspirators. This study emphasizes that prison guards who knowingly facilitate narcotics trafficking must be positioned as joint perpetrators, with criminal responsibility equivalent to the main perpetrator and subject to aggravated criminal liability due to abuse of official authority.