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All Journal CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri CHEDS: Journal of Chemistry, Education, and Science Jurnal Farmanesia JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN Jurnal ABDIMAS MUTIARA JURNAL TEKNOLOGI, KESEHATAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL
Purwandari, Vivi
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Journal : CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL

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Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches into Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Esterification of Vegetable Oil Saragih, Gimelliya; Purwandari, Vivi; Silitonga, Nelson; Abdillah; Sitanggang, Yenny; Zai, Liver; Mukhtissiarni
Chempublish Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Chempublish Journal (July - December)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v9i2.47630

Abstract

This research explores the physicochemical characteristics of activated and sulfonated carbons derived from palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as renewable raw materials, and assesses their catalytic performance in the esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel synthesis. Activated carbon was sulfonated via exposure to high-concentration sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at 7%, 10%, and 13%, facilitating the incorporation of –SO₃H groups. A range of analytical techniques, including TGA, DTA, FTIR, BET, and SEM, was employed to characterize the synthesized materials. Among the synthesized catalysts, the sulfonated carbon with 10% acid treatment (SA 10%) exhibited the most favorable characteristics: demonstrated a surface area of 41.895 m²/g and retained its structure under thermal stress, and a strong presence of sulfonic functional groups. Esterification tests at 65 °C for 2 hours showed a maximum yield of 43.28% using 3 g of SA 10%, while 5 g resulted in a lower yield of 30.32%. The results demonstrate that SA 10% is a promising eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for converting low-cost, waste-based feedstocks into biodiesel under mild reaction conditions.
Co-Authors Abdillah Abdillah Abdillah Abdillah Abdillah Adiansyah Adriaman Laia Advent Tri Yanti Halawa Akbari , A. Zukhruf Akbari, Ahmad Zukhruf Akbari, Muhammad Zaim Alwi, Ratna Surya Anaria Laia Arif, Ali Arya Mubarakh, Muhammad Bawamenewi, Langsar Benar Siroma Hulu Dicky Yuswardi Wiratma Dyna Grace Romatua Aruan Edison Halawa Eka Margareta Sinaga Erdiana Gultom Esther Wijayanti Harefa Faerizisokhi Telambanua Farhan, Muhammad Rafiq Gultom, Erdiana Halawa, Advent Tri Yanti Halawa, Estetika Niat Iman Harahap*, Mahyuni Harahap, Mahyuni Helen Anjelina Simanjuntak Heribertus Salman Jei Laia Hestiana, Hestiana Hestina Hestina, Hestina Hutabarat, Mawarni Iman Susanti Tafanao Imania Waruwu Indra Surya, Indra Jessica Gustamin Harefa Jhoni Alman Tafonao Jhonialman Jhonialman Tafonao Jiamin, Ong Amanda Kardiadinata, Wening Galih Sanubari Kartika Keliat, Aisyah Br. Khodijah, Ani Kurniawati Hulu Lase, Winta Liver Iman Putra Zai Mahyuni Mahyuni Harahap Malemta Tarigan Maniur Arianto Siahaan Marpaung, Jon Kenedy Masdi Masdi Mukhtissiarni Nasrani Zagoto Nasution, Dinda Juita Nelson Simanjuntak Oktafiani Harefa Putra Hia, Sowua Rizki Damayanti, Rizki Santriani Drudu, Susi Saragih, Gimelliya Sianipar, Artha Yuliana Silitonga, Maringan Silitonga, Nelson Simarmata, Yettrie Sinaga, Mia Endang Sari Sitanggang, Yenny Siti Maimunah Siti Nurbaya Sitio, Yohandres Sitohang, Isra Kristina Sofwan, Ahmad Gazali Sowua Putra Hia Sowua Putra Laia Suharyanisa Suniwati Zebua Suryanti Laia Susi Santriani Waruwu Syarifah Tarigan, Malemta Tarigan, Nurliana Thaib, Cut Masyithah Todo Manaek Nababan Veronica, Wantri Yiming, Zou Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi Zagoto, Nasrani Zai, Liver Zai, Liver Iman Putra Zaim Akbari, Muhammad Zebua, Suniati Zuhairiah Nasution, Zuhairiah