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Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Pada Perusahaan Dalam Kasus PT. Apa Tobacco Nusantara Menurut Hukum Kepailitan (Legal Protection For Investors In The Company In The Case Of Pt. Apa Tobacco Nusantara According To Bankruptcy Law) Aulia, Fara; Nurkhaerani, Ema
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 3, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research discusses legal protection for investors in the bankruptcy case of PT Apa Tobacco Nusantara based on the perspective of bankruptcy law in Indonesia. Legal protection for investors is divided into two main forms, namely preventive and repressive, which aim to provide a sense of security, certainty, justice, and restoration of investor rights when a violation or dispute occurs. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach, aiming to describe in depth the characteristics of the bankruptcy phenomenon and the legal protection applied. The results showed that in the bankruptcy process of PT Apa Tobacco Nusantara, all creditors' rights, including investors who have receivables, are strictly regulated under the Bankruptcy Law and the Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (UUKPKPU). Bondholder investors have protection as creditors and get payment rights in order of priority, while shareholder investors are in the last position in the distribution of remaining assets after all obligations to other creditors are paid. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) plays an important role in the supervision and protection of investors in the capital market, although the risk of loss remains inherent due to the limitations of the bankruptcy mechanism. This research confirms that the bankruptcy process is complex and requires transparency, judge supervision, and information disclosure so that all investor rights can be optimally protected in accordance with applicable legal provisions.
Penentuan Keadaan Insolvensi terhadap Proses Kepailitan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Shelomita Putri Amelia; Ema Nurkhaerani
Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juli : Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/mahkamah.v2i3.683

Abstract

Bankruptcy regulations in Indonesia, particularly in Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, are often contentious due to the absence of strict limitations on the filing of bankruptcy petitions. This has the potential to ensnare debtors who are still financially solvent, overriding the principle that bankruptcy should be the last resort in debt settlement. Law Number 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations only requires the existence of two creditors with debts that are due and collectible through simple proof. This study aims to analyze in depth the legal arrangements and determination of insolvency in Law Number 37 of 2004. By using a normative juridical research method, as well as a statute approach that focuses on Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and other related regulations, secondary data will be collected through literature studies. Insolvency is defined as a condition where the debtor's total debt to all creditors exceeds the value of all its assets, otherwise known as a state of inability to pay. In Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, the term "insolvency" differs from commonly used terms, such as balance sheet insolvency, which means debts exceeding assets, or cash flow insolvency, which means the inability to pay debts due to liquidity. Unlike the practice in the common law system, the determination of insolvency in Indonesia does not involve mandatory financial audits or court decisions based on independent financial analysis.
PERUM DANAREKSA SEBAGAI HOLDING BUMN TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN ASET NEGARA DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM BISNIS SYARIAH Nurkhaerani, Ema; Effida, Dara Quthni
Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Teuku Umar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35308/jic.v9i2.13389

Abstract

The transformation of BUMN is an important part of national development that is oriented towards the welfare of the people. Perum Danareksa was appointed as the holding company in the financial sector through Government Regulation Number 113 of 2021. This transformation is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2025 concerning SOEs which adopts the principle  of business judgment rule. The Holding structure is expected to be able to create efficiency, synergy, and increase the competitiveness of state corporations. However, when viewed from the perspective of sharia business law, BUMN governance is not enough to only emphasize profits, but also must fulfill the principles of justice (al-'adl), trust, usefulness (maslahah), and avoid the practice of riba, gharar, and maysir. This research uses a normative juridical approach with a legal and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that Danareksa's holding model is legally positive and benefits the efficiency of state assets. However, part of the portfolio is still placed in conventional interest-bearing instruments, which in sharia it is considered problematic. This poses a challenge so that the management of state assets is in line with Islamic values that emphasize justice and benefits. By strengthening  the Sharia Governance framework, increasing transparency, and expanding sharia instruments such as sukuk and sharia mutual funds, Danareksa has the potential to become a model of BUMN governance that is not only modern, but also ethical and in accordance with Islamic principles.
Analysis of the Interpretation of Article XI GATT in the Case Study of Indonesia’s Nickel Ore Export Ban, WTO Case No. DS592 Talitha, Raisyha; Nurkhaerani, Ema
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 4, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17847656

Abstract

This study analyzes the interpretation of GATT 1994 Article XI by the WTO Panel in the DS592 dispute (Indonesia—Measures Relating to Raw Materials) concerning Indonesia's nickel ore export ban. This policy is deemed to violate the fundamental principle of GATT Article XI:1 on the absolute prohibition of quantitative restrictions. The research utilizes a normative legal research method with case and statutory approaches. The conclusion shows that the WTO Panel factually determined the export ban violates GATT Article XI:1. The Panel rejected all of Indonesia's justification arguments (Article XI:2(a) and Article XX(d)) due to a strict interpretation and Indonesia’s failure to prove the absolute ban was a "necessary measure." The legal implication is that Indonesia must reformulate its downstreaming policy from export bans to WTO-allowed instruments, such as progressive export taxes, to mitigate the risk of future trade sanctions.
Perlindungan Hak Pengguna dalam Praktik Pengolahan Data oleh Platform TikTok sebagai Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik Privat: Analisis dalam Perspektif Hukum Teknologi Informasi A, Amelia; Nurkhaerani, Ema
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 4, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17866096

Abstract

The development of the TikTok platform as a private Electronic System Operator (PSE) with 157.6 million Indonesian users has triggered a massive increase in the processing of personal data. This study analyzes the forms of protection of TikTok users' rights based on Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (amended by Law Number 1 of 2024), Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, as well as legal sanctions for violations of data transparency and accountability. This study uses a normative juridical method, and the results show comprehensive protection through the rights of access, correction, data deletion, and age verification for children, supported by gradual sanctions ranging from administrative to criminal imprisonment and fines of billions of rupiah. The precedent of TikTok's TDPSE suspension by Komdigi in October 2025 proves effective enforcement. The study recommends strengthening audits, independent supervisory agencies, and data localization for large PSEs to reinforce Indonesia's digital sovereignty.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNIFORM DOMAIN NAME DISPUTE RESOLUTION POLICY IN THE RESOLUTION OF DOMAIN NAME DISPUTES AS A FORM OF TRADEMARK PROTECTION Fadilah, Fatma Putri; Nurkhaerani, Ema
Journal Social Sciences and Humanioran Review Vol. 2 No. 01 (2025): JANUARY
Publisher : Zhata Institut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64578/jsshr.v2i01.178

Abstract

The growth of the digital economy has made domain names a valuable asset for brands, but it has also given rise to cybersquatting practices that cause disputes between brand owners and unauthorized domain registrants. This study analyzes the application of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) in resolving domain name disputes as a form of trademark protection in Indonesia, with a case study of PPND Decision Number 054-0525 regarding the domain lippo.co.id. The research method uses a normative juridical approach using a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results show that the UDRP, adopted through the PPND Policy by PANDI, applies three main elements of proof: similarity between the domain and the registered trademark, absence of legitimate rights of the registrant, and bad faith. In the case of lippo.co.id, the PPND Panel decided to transfer the domain to the legitimate trademark owner because it was proven to meet all three elements. The criteria for bad faith are assessed based on objective and subjective indicators, including public deception and financial gain motives. This study recommends harmonizing the PPND policy with the Trademark Law, increasing awareness of dispute resolution mechanisms, and strengthening the synergy between PANDI and DJKI. Keywords: Cybersquatting; Domain Name; Trademark Protection.
Regulasi Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Mengatasi Penyalahgunaan Deepfake di Indonesia Happy Sturaya Quratuainniza; Ema Nurkhaerani
ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59246/aladalah.v4i1.1694

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah membawa dampak transformasional terhadap berbagai dimensi kehidupan manusia, terutama dalam ranah inovasi digital dan keamanan siber. Salah satu bentuk penerapan AI yang menimbulkan perhatian serius dalam aspek hukum adalah teknologi deepfake, yaitu sistem yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memodifikasi konten visual dan audio dengan tingkat keautentikan yang sangat tinggi. Meskipun inovasi ini membuka peluang luas bagi perkembangan kreatif dan teknologi, keberadaannya juga menimbulkan tantangan hukum serta sosial yang kompleks, seperti penyebaran informasi palsu, penipuan keuangan, pelanggaran privasi, dan perusakan reputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisis risiko hukum dan sosial yang muncul akibat penyalahgunaan deepfake, sekaligus merumuskan model regulasi AI yang ideal bagi konteks Indonesia. Dengan menerapkan pendekatan hukum normatif dan doktrinal, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perangkat hukum yang ada, seperti Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) serta Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP), belum secara memadai mengatur penggunaan AI dan deepfake. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembentukan regulasi yang bersifat komprehensif dan adaptif guna menegaskan tanggung jawab pengembang, memperkuat pengawasan terhadap platform digital, serta menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi korban penyalahgunaan. Sinergi antara pemerintah, akademisi, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat juga menjadi faktor penting dalam menciptakan ekosistem digital yang aman, transparan, dan berkeadilan.
Analisis Yuridis Kebocoran Data LinkedIn 2021 dalam Kerangka UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi Indonesia Esi Anindya Azzahra; Ema Nurkhaerani
ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59246/aladalah.v4i1.1701

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital dalam satu dekade terakhir telah meningkatkan risiko pelanggaran data pribadi, seperti kasus kebocoran data LinkedIn tahun 2021 yang melibatkan sekitar 700 juta pengguna global, termasuk dari Indonesia. Insiden ini menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum nasional karena belum adanya regulasi tunggal yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penyelesaian kasus kebocoran data sebelum dan sesudah disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP) serta menilai implikasi hukumnya terhadap sistem perlindungan data di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan melalui studi kepustakaan. Namun, masih terdapat research gap berupa kurangnya kajian komparatif yang menilai efektivitas penegakan hukum antara rezim pra dan pasca UU PDP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum UU PDP, perlindungan hukum bersifat administratif dan tidak efektif. Setelah UU PDP berlaku, terdapat pengakuan hak subjek data, pembentukan Otoritas Pelindungan Data Pribadi (OPDP), serta sanksi administratif dan pidana bagi pelanggar. UU PDP memperkuat legitimasi dan efektivitas hukum, sekaligus menandai pergeseran menuju keadilan digital di Indonesia.