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All Journal Jurnal Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal Journal of Integrated Agribusiness Journal of Agri Socio Economics and Business Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial
Fauzia, Gina
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Does RSPO Certification Increase Smallholder Oil Palm Income? Evidence from Batanghari, Indonesia Yanita, Mirawati; Wahyuni, Ira; Napitupulu, Dompak MT; Fauzia, Gina; Rahmah, Karina; Siadari, Ulidesi
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i1.2516

Abstract

This study analyzes income differentials between independent oil palm smallholders certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and non-certified farmers in Maro Sebo Ilir District, Batanghari Regency, Indonesia. Although certification is promoted as a mechanism to enhance smallholder welfare, empirical evidence remains inconclusive, and few studies examine net income differences disaggregated by plant age under uniform price conditions. Primary data were collected from September 2022 to August 2023 from 60 farmers (30 RSPO-certified and 30 non-certified), categorized into two plant age groups: 11–18 years and 19–26 years. Farm income was calculated as total revenue minus total cost and analyzed using independent-samples t-tests. The results indicate that RSPO-certified farmers achieved higher productivity and income despite incurring higher input costs. Average annual incomes among certified farmers reached IDR 25,600,675 and IDR 25,785,872 per hectare for the 11–18 and 19–26-year groups, respectively, compared with IDR 20,144,977 and IDR 20,766,920 among non-certified farmers. Income differences of approximately 27.1% and 24.2% were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that income gains are primarily associated with improved technical efficiency, intensified input use, and institutional support rather than price premiums, and remain contingent upon local market and institutional conditions.
Co-Authors A Rahman Agustono Agustono, Agustono Arianti, Dwi Bambang Irawan Dompak Napitupulu, Dompak Elwamendri Endy Effran HD, Ernawati Karina Rahmah Khairiyakh, Refa'ul Mirawati Yanita Napitupulu, Dompak MT Napitupulu, Richard RP Rahayu, Vika Indah Rahmi Dianita Rozaina Ningsih, Rozaina Saidin Nainggolan, Saidin Siadari, Ulidesi Siti Kurniasih Sri Utami Lestari Wiwit Rahayu Yanuar Fitri, Yanuar Zakiah Zakiah Zulkifli Zulkifli